In this study, a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS) programmed on LabVIEW can be highly integrated into customized applications such as adaptive optics system (AOS) for performing real-time wavefront measurement. Further, a Camera Link frame grabber embedded with FPGA is adopted to enhance the sensor speed reacting to variation considering its advantage of the highest data transmission bandwidth. Instead of waiting for a frame image to be captured by the FPGA, the Shack-Hartmann algorithm are implemented in parallel processing blocks design and let the image data transmission synchronize with the wavefront reconstruction. On the other hand, we design a mechanism to control the deformable mirror in the same FPGA and verify the Shack-Hartmann sensor speed by controlling the frequency of the deformable mirror dynamic surface deformation. Currently, this FPGAbead SHWS design can achieve a 266 Hz cyclic speed limited by the camera frame rate as well as leaves 40% logic slices for additionally flexible design.

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Yi-Pin Chen, Chia-Yuan Chang, and Shean-Jen Chen, "Rapid and highly integrated FPGA-based Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor for adaptive optics system," Proc. SPIE 10502, Adaptive Optics and Wavefront Control for Biological Systems IV, 1050203 (Presented at SPIE BiOS: January 27, 2018; Published: 23 February 2018); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289095.