We present the design, calculations and simulations of high-resolution concave-VLS-grating-based soft X-ray and VUV spectrographs, as well as a plane VLS grating instrument. We have designed a normal-incidence imaging VLS grating spectrograph for a 820 – 1690 Å spectral interval and a series of grazing-incidence VLS spectrographs with imaging capabilities. The experimentally recorded spectral images of laboratory laser plasmas were obtained with the aid of a VLS spectrometer based on a concave aperiodic multilayer mirror and a plane VLS grating. Two modifications of this spectrometer were implemented with two different VLS gratings. These modifications exhibit spectral resolution of 500 and 800 over the 125 – 300 Å spectral waveband. Spatial resolution corresponds to double CCD-detector pixel size.

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Eugene A. Vishnyakov, Alexei O. Kolesnikov, Alexey N. Shatokhin, and Evgeny N. Ragozin, "Imaging VLS grating spectrographs," Proc. SPIE 10677, Unconventional Optical Imaging, 106770E (Presented at SPIE Photonics Europe: April 22, 2018; Published: 24 May 2018); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2305918.