Highly reliable and low-cost long-period corrugation and phase gratings based on a cascade of phase-shifted lithium niobate waveguides are theoretically analyzed, experimentally realized and characterized in a logical sequence. The realization of these phase-shifted waveguide gratings (LPWG) is subsequently achieved via a two-step proton exchange method. The measurement results have demonstrated that the maximum dip contrast is up to 19.73 dB and the narrowest full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) is close to 2.34 nm. Furthermore, for the cascaded pi-phase-shifted long-period waveguide gratings (LPWG), the two resonance wavelengths are symmetrically shifted away from the center wavelength in response to an increase in the number of LPWG sections incorporated.

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Ricky W. Chuang, Yu-Chun Huang, and Yao-Jen Lee, "Exploring the impacts of long-period corrugation and phase gratings on a cascade of phase-shifted lithium niobate waveguides with the combined theoretical and experimental approaches," Proc. SPIE 10912, Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XXVII, 1091216 (Presented at SPIE OPTO: February 07, 2019; Published: 26 February 2019); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2507560.