From Event: SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2019
Choosing first-order group focal lengths for complex zoom lenses is a problem with too many variables to have a simple analytical solution. Furthermore, the group power balance has a large impact on performance, but there isn’t a well-known way to quickly determine the potential design performance of a given power grouping. This often leads to the choice of poor starting points increasing both the difficulty of the design process and the time to find a solution. To solve this problem (e.g. for a four-group zoom lens) a Monte Carlo like program has been written that first randomly chooses group focal lengths, finds first-order solutions, and checks for zoom group collisions. Then if a solution is valid it creates a lens design which is quickly optimized and evaluated for performance with real ray tracing using CODE V. The program keeps track of all solutions and is then able to automatically sort and identify power groupings with strong performance, simplifying the overall design process. Data collected by the program can also be used to sort solutions for minimum diameter, minimum length, and other design parameters.
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Maximillian C. Bruggeman and Julie L. Bentley, "Determining optimal first-order focal lengths of zoom lenses through Monte Carlo simulations," Proc. SPIE 11106, Zoom Lenses VI, 1110605 (Presented at SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications: August 14, 2019; Published: 9 September 2019); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2528948.