Volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath and transdermal gas reflect biochemical information such as conditions of diseases and activities metabolisms. In the laboratories, such volatile markers were measured by large analytical systems like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. If a sensor for volatile markers could be developed that could be used as easily as a wearable device, it could provide early screening for signs of disease and metabolic abnormalities. We have been developing optical biosensors for volatile markers based on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent enzymes. The NADH has a fluorescence (excitation 340 nm, emission 490 nm) and can be utilized to monitor enzyme reactions. Various kinds of volatile markers including ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetone, 2-propanol and etc could be measured by this technique. Gas imaging was also possible by employing fluorescence imaging optics. Here we introduce gas sensors and imaging systems using a bio-fluorometric technique for human volatile marker sensing.

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Kohji Mitsubayashi, Geng Zhang, and Kenta Iitani, "Bio-fluorometric gas sensing and imaging for volatile makers," Proc. SPIE 12327, SPIE Future Sensing Technologies 2023, 123270Q (Presented at SPIE Future Sensing Technologies: April 19, 2023; Published: 22 May 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2657081.