Accurate characterization of absorption and scattering properties for biologic tissue and tissue-simulating materials enables 3D printing of traceable tissue-simulating phantoms for medical spectral device calibration and standardized medical optical imaging. Conventional double integrating sphere systems have several limitations and are suboptimal for optical characterization of liquid and soft materials used in 3D printing. We propose a vertical double integrating sphere system and the associated reconstruction algorithms for optical characterization of phantom materials that simulate different human tissue components. The system characterizes absorption and scattering properties of liquid and solid phantom materials in an operating wavelength range from 400 nm to 1100 nm. Absorption and scattering properties of the phantoms are adjusted by adding titanium dioxide powder and India ink, respectively. Different material compositions are added in the phantoms and characterized by the vertical double integrating sphere system in order to simulate the human tissue properties. Our test results suggest that the vertical integrating sphere system is able to characterize optical properties of tissue-simulating phantoms without precipitation effect of the liquid samples or wrinkling effect of the soft phantoms during the optical measurement.

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Yilin Han, Qiumin Jia, Shuwei Shen, Guangli Liu, Yuwei Guo, Ximing Zhou, Jiaru Chu, Gang Zhao, Erbao Dong, David W. Allen, Paul Lemaillet, and Ronald Xu, "Optical characterization of tissue mimicking phantoms by a vertical double integrating sphere system," Proc. SPIE 9700, Design and Quality for Biomedical Technologies IX, 97000A (Presented at SPIE BiOS: February 13, 2016; Published: 18 March 2016); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2212287.