Drug delivery to tumors is well known to be chaotic and limited, partly from dysfunctional vasculature, but also because of microscopic regional variations in composition. Modeling the of transport of nanoparticle therapeutics, therefore must include not only a description of vascular permeability, but also of the movement of the drug as suspended in tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) once it leaves the blood vessel. Understanding of this area is limited because we currently lack the tools and analytical methods to characterize it. We have previously shown that directional anisotropy of drug delivery can be detected using Directional Fourier Spatial Frequency (DFSF) Analysis. Here we extend this approach to generate flow line maps of nanoparticle transport in TIF relative to tumor ultrastructure, and show that features of tumor spatial heterogeneity can be identified that are directly related to local flow isometries. The identification of these regions of limited flow may be used as a metric for determining response to therapy, or for the optimization of adjuvant therapies such as radiation pre-treatment, or enzymatic degradation.

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Stewart Russell, Hawa Camara, Lingyan Shi, P. Jack Hoopes, Peter Kaufman, Brian Pogue, and Robert Alfano, "Detection of particle flow patterns in tumor by directional spatial frequency analysis," Proc. SPIE 9711, Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues IX, 971109 (Presented at SPIE BiOS: February 15, 2016; Published: 7 April 2016); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2213031.