All-optical manipulation and recording of neural ensembles offer a non-invasive way to study the causal relationship between precise features of neural activity and specific aspects of sensation, cognition, and action. However, tissue scattering reduces the precision of two-photon multi-site photostimulation and limits the accessible depth. To correct multiple scattering, we propose to develop a new technique based on light field control for photostimulation and imaging of neural activity deep inside of the mouse brain.

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Yi Xue, "Light field two-photon microscopy for deep brain photostimulation and imaging," Proc. SPIE PC12388, Adaptive Optics and Wavefront Control for Biological Systems IX, PC1238809 (Presented at SPIE BiOS: January 30, 2023; Published: 30 March 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2657216.6321658492112.