From Event: SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, 2023
Large area detectors with high dynamic range, low noise and fast pulse-to-pulse readout have been developed to accommodate the unique requirements and pulse structure of XFEL facilities. In the case of hard x-ray solution scattering the detectors need to capture intense diffuse scattering patterns covering a large area and dynamic range.
Furthermore, time-resolved solution scattering needs the performance, stability, linearity and noise profile to extract percent to permille level changes in such scattering patterns reliably.
The ePix10k2M (2019) is the second hard x-ray large area detector developed for the LCLS, it offers a number of advantages over the previous CSPAD detector. The ePix10k2M has 3 different fixed gain-modes as well as two auto-ranging/auto-switching modes. The combination of gains allows for the coverage of a large hard x-ray dynamic range from single photon counting to ~10k photons/pixel/pulse.
Here, the performance is evaluated for the detection of hard x-ray solution scattering and compares the different configurations in which it can be run. Finally, some perspectives are presented on the future use and development of such detectors at the higher energies and higher repetition rates that are becoming available.
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Tim B. van Driel, "Large-area detector performance for hard X-ray solution scattering at the LCLS (Conference Presentation)," Proc. SPIE PC12581, X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers: Advances in Source Development and Instrumentation VI, PC125810D (Presented at SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics: April 27, 2023; Published: 9 June 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2669195.6329113837112.