This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 12476 including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee Page.

Wilga 2022 Summer Symposium on Photonics Applications and Web Engineering was the 50th edition of the research and technical meetings series. Traditionally, the whole week lasting annual series of technical conferences and topical sessions was split to one winter meeting in January and two summer events in May/June, and in September 2022. The hybrid meetings were held in Wilga resort near Warsaw, owned by the Warsaw University of Technology and in Lublin. Nearly 100 participants took part in all of the Wilga 2022 events, most of them being young researchers active in all aspects of photonics, electronics and ICT science and technology. Wilga Symposium embraces hardware and software technologies associated with photonics like optics, optical engineering, optoelectronics, electronics and electrical engineering, mechatronics, chemical and material engineering, applied physics, industrial solutions and applications. Around 100 papers were presented during Wilga 2022, oral and poster. Out of this number, some papers chosen by authors are published in this volume of Proc. SPIE mostly related to photonics. The major change was that during Wilga 2020, 2021 and 2022 Symposia, during summer editions, no traditional large young researcher sessions at large were possible to be organized.

The use of photoplethysmography allows an accurate assessment of the level of blood supply in inflammatory symptoms in patients with diabetes after tooth extraction, this method has the positive properties of non-invasiveness, high sensitivity and probabilistic ease of examination. Photon radiation has been shown to increase blood vessel wall elasticity, erythrocyte elasticity, blood oxygen transport function, cell membrane activity, accelerate tissue regeneration, reduce lipid oxidation, and normalize blood rheology. The photon radiation of the "MultiSpectr-001" multispectral physiotherapy device has been shown to lead to anti-inflammatory, desensitizing, analgesic, antispasmodic, anti-edema effects, which was confirmed in this study in the treatment of diabetic patients.

The purpose of this study is to develop a fuzzy expert system based on the analysis of biomedical images for the diagnosis of oncological diseases using breast cancer as an example. The main directions of application of mathematical methods in medical diagnosis are analyzed, their drawbacks are evaluated, and principles of diagnosis, based on fuzzy logic, are formulated. Mathematical models and algorithms are developed, formalizing the process of diagnostic decision-making based on fuzzy logic with quantitative and qualitative parameters of the patient's condition; mathematical models of membership functions are developed, formalizing the representation of quantitative and qualitative parameters of the patient's condition in the form of fuzzy sets, used in models and algorithms for diagnosing and determining the diagnosis in the case of breast cancer.

The methods of processing biomedical images, namely thermal images, are investigated. Algorithms for calculating the temperature and area of the zone of interest in the manual mode operator-computer, as well as in the automatic mode, are specified. Methods of thermal image processing are presented, namely recursive generalized contour preparation and preparation based on histograms of connections. An experimental study of these methods was performed, as well as a comparison of thermal image segmentation methods in manual segmentation modes, using contour preparation-based segmentation, multilevel segmentation based on recursive generalized contour preparation, and automatic segmentation based on connectivity histograms.

This article presents the results of a research on the effectiveness of the application of wavelet analysis of the coordinate size distributions of the differential matrix elements of the protein fraction of the vitreous body layers of deceased individuals of a certain post-mortem interval.

The development of such a model of the human lung allowed to master the technology of recreating anatomical structures based on personalized data of spiral computed tomography taking into account individual variability, which can be useful in determining the volume of pathologically altered areas and planning treatment. These approaches also make it possible to significantly improve the technology of training medical and bioengineering specialists.

This paper presents an improved method and system for Mueller matrix polarization diagnostics of optically thin biological films, in which azimuthally independent components of Mueller matrix images (MMIs) of biological samples and invariant superpositions of other MMIs are analyzed. Multiparametric analysis of these invariant MMIs and invariant superpositions of MMIs involves calculating their statistical, correlation and spectral moments of 1st - 4th order, which form informative parameters for making diagnosis decisions in the system. New fuzzy logic models of decision rules for making diagnostic decisions in the system in the study of cervical biological sections were developed. The developed system allows to increase the diagnostic reliability of biological layers up to 98%.

The essence of the development is to obtain data from imaging tools, as a rule, spiral computed tomography, which allows visualizing bone-cartilaginous and soft tissue structures of the nasal cavity with high spatial resolution and contrast, preparing a 3D model for prototyping using specialized programs - slicers dividing the reproduced object into sections, taking into account the hardware features of the prototyping device, the 3D printing stage for obtaining a mode and implementation of this model is given manipulation - training with the help of selected surgical instruments. After a virtual change in the spatial configuration of the nasal cavity and re-manufacturing of a real model, it is possible to conduct comparative tests of both full-scale models on an aerodynamic bench to determine and analyse indicators of nasal resistance – pressure drop and corresponding air flow.

The article is devoted to the development of a method for manufacturing models of cranial implants using full-scale prototyping by means of extrusion 3D printing. According to the results, specialized software was developed that allows building a geometric model of cranial implants with the maximum degree of automation, performing spatial visualization of the volume model of the implant and generating initial data to create the corresponding full-scale model.

In the evidence-based diagnosis of nasal breathing disorders and the planning of corrective surgical procedures, it is not sufficient to examine only the general characteristics of airflow - averaged values of aerodynamic parameters such as airflow rate, pressure drop, and aerodynamic nasal resistance. It is necessary to investigate the effect of airflow on the mucosa at the micro level, which, when pathological conditions develop, leads to excessive drying of the nasal cavity surface. To do this, it is necessary to compare the width of the laminar boundary layer – the parietal region, where the maximum change in airflow velocity is observed, and the height of the nasal mucosa irregularity. The calculated values of the laminar airflow boundary layer were obtained from model representations of the complex spatial configuration of the nasal cavity using a circular channel of equivalent diameter.

A review of the methods of filtering ultrasound images on the example of hip dysplasia images is presented, their advantages and disadvantages are shown. Demonstrated ways of computer diagnostics of Hip dysplasia development. The method of filtration of the speckle noise of ultrasonic images of the hip dysplasia was proposed. The proposed method focuses on Gaussian blur effects. The idea of the method is that performs a logical AND operation between the original input image and two another images processed Gaussian filtering. The algorithm was tested on the tested images, as well as on real ultrasound images of hip dysplasia.

The article introduces an approach to solving the problem of small beam divergence in data transmission using lasers. A combined model for calculating and classifying laser beam spots is developed, the developed scheme is modeled and the solution speed is analyzed. , the developed method showed good efficiency and can be used for calculating the coordinates of laser beam spots and their further classification. It can be useful in such systems as laser beam profiling systems, fiber optic communication systems, laser navigation and tracking systems in military affairs, and atmospheric optical communication lines.

The article identifies invariance to image rotation as one of the main problems in image processing. A pyramidal method of generalized spatial processing was proposed as a means to solve the problem specified. The principle of signal processing according to the developed method is presented with an example of its implementation. A comparison of the developed preparation method with the contour preparation method was carried out. As a result, the level of immunity of the developed method to disturbance under Gaussian noise was determined.

A method of azimuthally invariant 3d Mueller-matrix mapping of the distributions of the parameters of phase and amplitude anisotropy of partially depolarizing layers of high-quality (group 1 - high density) and low-quality (group 2 - low density) polyethylene polymer films has been proposed and substantiated. layer-by-layer coordinate distributions of the magnitude of the set of Mueller-matrix invariants (MMI) of polymer films of both types were obtained in the volume of polymer samples.

The paper presents the mathematical apparatus for precise calculation of the three-dimensional point spread function (3D PSF) of optical systems. The method is based on the Huygens-Fresnel principle: a spherical wave on the threedimensional surface of the exit pupil is considered as result of the superposition of elementary secondary point radiation sources. These point sources emit coherent electromagnetic waves with a spherical wave front. They form a certain distribution of generalized complex amplitudes in three-dimensional space near the focus point. This distribution is used to calculate the intensity distribution in the focus area of the optical system, which is the PSF. The advantage of the proposed technique is direct calculation of the 3D PSF with taking into account wave aberrations and without usage of Fresnel or Fraunhofer approximations. In case of small aperture optical systems the proposed technique coincides with classical theory that specifies the link between a pupil function and PSF via Fourier transform. The differences between precise and approximated techniques for 3D PSF calculation are also discussed.

Proposed and substantiated a method for 3d Mueller-matrix reproduction of the distributions of parameters of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism of partially depolarizing polymer films in publishing and printing business.

The aim of the research is to improve the technical parameters of ultrasonic meters by using the phenomenon of resonance and standing wave. The basis of the resonance method is the using standing acoustic waves arising in the medium due to the interference of the incident and reflected acoustic waves. The paper proposes a mathematical model of the ultrasonic resonance method for measuring parameters of liquid and gaseous media, which can be used for measuring control of parameters such as density, temperature, thickness, flow velocity, and others. To test the adequacy of the proposed model of ultrasonic wave propagation, its computer simulation and experimental studies were carried out. The air was chosen as the test medium (temperature 20° С, velocity 343m/s, atmospheric pressure 1atm). The time diagrams of the signal at the receiver for a distance of 34.3mm, when the resonance condition was satisfied, and for a distance of 34.73mm, when the ant resonance condition was satisfied, were modeled according to the proposed mathematical model. The dependence of the amplitude of the signal at the receiver is given for signal frequencies of 170–20kHz with a transmitter-to-receiver distance of 35.85mm and a sound speed of 340.8m/s. The simulation results confirm the adequacy of the purposed mathematical model. This allows proposing a new class of self-oscillating ultrasonic methods for measuring and control of medium parameters. The block diagram and the principle of operation of the auto-oscillating ultrasound meters for measuring the thickness, and gas temperature of test objects are described.

This work is aimed at generalizing the methods of laser polarimetry in the case of partially depolarizing optically anisotropic methyl acrylate layers. A method of differential Mueller-matrix mapping is proposed and substantiated for reproducing the distributions of the parameters of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism of partially depolarizing methyl acrylate layers.

A method of 3D Mueller-matrix reproduction of the distributions of the parameters of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism of partially depolarizing methyl acrylate layers is proposed and substantiated. The dynamics of the change in the value of the statistical moments of the 1st - 4th orders characterizing the distributions of the optical anisotropy parameters of the polycrystalline structure of the partially depolarizing methyl acrylate layer in various "phase" sections of its volume is investigated and analyzed.

This work is aimed at generalizing the methods of laser polarimetry in the case of partially depolarizing optically anisotropic polymer layers. A method of differential Mueller-matrix mapping was proposed and substantiated for reproducing the distributions of the parameters of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism of methyl acrylate layers under various temperature conditions (200 ‒ group 1) and (450 ‒ group 2).

The article discusses a system prototype's project concept and technical construction (Intelligent Data Acquisition Module - IDAM). The IDAM system will enable the receipt of data from camera traps using the MMS, SMS, e-mail, and FTP standard. It ensures the integration of various types of wildlife camera traps owned by the Border Guard with the possibility of adding other sensors with standard input/output ports. It will be a fully scalable system based on innovative IT solutions with a cyber security module ensuring encryption at the interface between an open GSM network and the Internet, an internal data processing and communication system. Independent secure, and resistant to jamming communication channels are also presented.

This work discusses different approaches to data processing in measurement systems with their examples. An overview of dedicated hardware to software migration trends is presented. Software data processing for soft real-time measurement systems is described based on multiple characteristics. A significant part of this work relates to an analysis of different frameworks which can be used in such systems to implement parts dedicated to software processing. Finally, the exemplary system, which can benefit from chosen solutions, built by our group is presented.

A method for rendering inhomogeneous volumes using perturbation functions is presented. An approach is proposed for sampling light transmission paths in heterogeneous media. At the initial stage of calculations, light transmission paths are constructed in a closed form. Then the heterogeneous component is averaged by adding a formal medium. Next, the path-tracking algorithm is used. Due to this, there is no need to calculate strict boundaries of the attenuation function. Samples in the closed-form light transmission path and the averaged medium are made separately. This minimizes the costly calculations of collision coefficients that change when traversing space.

An approach to solving the problem of monitoring the surface shape of a radiation spot in real time is presented. An analysis of the use of the cross-sectional method to monitor the shape of the surface of a radiation spot in real time has been carried out. The possibility of using the aspect ratio to solve the problem was considered. Experimental studies of the sectional method and the aspect ratio method are also presented.

The problem of extraction of the image objects features by means of using the inverse filters (IF) is considered. The IF are formed by the inversion of the matrix composed of correlation vectors of a set of objects templates examples. The inversion is made with the help of singular value decomposition. Three approaches to regularization and its impact on IF recognition properties are also considered. There was defined the functional that specifies minimal mutual relations between functions of the filters to obtain optimal separation of the features. A training process is used in order to obtain filters with high recognition performance.

In this paper, the “DiPho” (Digital Photodiode) device is described. The device is used for quick verification measurements and performance monitoring of photonic sources used in quantum physics experiments. DiPho was designed as a stack of two printed circuit boards (PCB) – one contains the detection element, a silicon PIN photodiode, and analog front-end, while the other contains the necessary digital circuitry. The core of the analog front end is a programmable-gain trans-impedance amplifier which was designed to be capable of measuring photocurrents in the range of 10μA to 10mA. DiPho provides analog measurement output via SMA connector and digital data output via USB serial interface. Moreover, support for single-pair Ethernet (SPE) communication is planned.

The high-performance methods of multi-stage digital processing of linear signals of fiber optic transmission systems in the spectral and time domain with the use of Fourier transform methods are proposed. Based on the proposed methods of signal processing, a digital device for restoring of linear signals in fiber-optic transmission systems is developed. The advantage of the device is high performance, which enables digital processing of linear signals in the spectral region without loss of information.

Basic coding methods for data compression in optical transmission are considered. A parallel-hierarchical transformation is proposed as a means of addressing the shortcomings of the methods considered. Pyramid-linear and pyramid-nonlinear coding at the functional level are given. The corresponding number of elements in the masks was calculated. The efficiency of the developed method compared to known methods was analyzed. The compression ratio and data compression conditions were determined.

This work is the result of research and modeling of a set of forces that create the movement of the object with acceleration in a certain direction. The proposed analytical dependences determine the values of the coordinates of spatial locations of technological object, for example, when machining or in the medical diagnosis of pathological formations. An analytical model of maintaining stable spatial coordinates of the object, taking into account the peculiarities of the object's motion, is presented. Further research on the creation of analytical dependences that take into account the influence of external forces on the stability of the object’s spatial coordinates is proposed. This will increase the accuracy of determining the location of the object, which is very important in determining the positioning of the workpiece in the processing of parts, and in determining the spatial coordinates of pathology in the mass of a living organism.

Modern VLSI (Very-Large-Scale Integration) integrated circuits contain several billion transistors. Systems of this complexity are very difficult to design. Manually designing each transistor at the level of logic gates is beyond the skill of the expert team. Manual verification of the chip design is also beyond the capabilities of even engineering teams. With the increasing complexity of electronic systems, there has been a need to automate both the design and verification stages at more abstract levels. This paper describes concept of multi-level compiler which convert algorithm described in Python language to FPGA bitstream. Compiler transforms automatically high-level description (Python) to low level (bitstream) on different levels based on configuration files. Testing is also done automatically on several levels of abstraction. Process automation enable to reduce designing and testing time. The article propose VHDL Microinstruction compiler, test tools with examples of its use.

The Mobile Distribution Point of ICT Infrastructure (MPDIT) is a unique project of an innovative mobile device integrating modern ICT solutions with advanced hardware architecture and a modular design. The primary function of MPDIT is to effectively increase public safety and counteract and reduce many types of threats, such as natural disasters, unexpected interruptions in securing the area in IT services, and intentional damage to ICT infrastructure. As a result of the project, the applied tool improves the effectiveness of the Police and thus increases people's safety. The article discusses the design of a specialized command console that enables functional integration and joint management of various communication systems. In addition, the advanced IT solutions used are briefly presented.

The article discusses the FPGA structure configuration using a set of microinstructions performed in a dedicated process. A practical set of microinstructions is presented in detail, and a stationary solution to the process of interpreting microinstructions implemented in VHDL in a behavioral form is briefly discussed. Updating an existing project, or even implementing a new project, does not require modification of the project code described in the VHDL language but only adding new sequences of microinstructions to the stationary project. Selected examples of FPGA configurations using microinstruction sequences were also demonstrated.

A method of visualization of surface and volumetric caustics of reflected and refracted light on mirror surfaces in volume and on functionally specified surfaces consisting of patches of free forms is proposed. Caustics are surfaces near which the intensity of the light field increases sharply. The visualization method tracks the rays of light in the light space when displaying mirror surfaces. Light rays are projected from light sources onto patches of free-form scenes. The limiting volumes of caustic rays are determined, thereby reducing the number of calculations. Only caustic rays are calculated, which make the main contribution to the resulting image.

The main source of RF signal for electron linac is master oscillator which should have possibility of ongoing RF frequency adjustment according to actual conditions of the accelerator microwave system such as standing wave ratio variations caused by temperature change. The basis for the construction was GaP monolithic integer-N synthesizer and voltage controlled oscillator in one Analog Devices ADF4360 chip. The generator is easy operable by the user during machine tune-up procedure and produces RF signal in well-defined frequency step, at least 30dB distant from noise level.

The structure of information support for the airspace control system based on combined radar surveillance systems has been substantiated and investigated. This makes it possible to improve the quality of the detection of air objects, as well as to assess the accuracy of the location of the detected air objects. As a result, this improves the quality of information support for decision-makers in the airspace control system.

This study presents verification and validation methods for the power supply system of the Fine Guidance System experiment of the ARIEL satellite. Risk and reliability analyses were performed to assess the safety of the design. These include Derating alongside Part Stress Analysis, Worst Case Analysis and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis. Based on the results, recommendations for the power supply design are presented. Moreover, an active load compliant with the SpaceVPX standard was designed to efficiently verify the power supply. The proposed test system design is characterised by low cost, small dimensions and high accuracy. The required electronic modules were designed and tested, with the results discussed. Possibilities for further automation of test procedures and improvement of flaws and shortcomings in the developed electronic equipment are also discussed.

The problem of parallel solution of partial differential equations with the help of the method of lines that ensures the reduction of the initial problem to the Cauchy problem described by a system of ordinary differential equations is considered. As a basic method, collocated multi-step block difference schemes are proposed. Obtaining a numerical solution in this case becomes possible only with the use of high-performance computing, usually with parallel architecture. This problem becomes especially important in the implementation of mathematical models based on systems of partial differential equations when it comes to the need for discretization of the solution search area, which can be significantly complicated by the geometric configuration of the boundaries. Solution of systems of this order cannot be obtained without involving multiprocessor computers. But by simply increasing the processing power, this problem cannot be solved. Only by combining the advantages of supercomputers and modern numerical simulation methods we can expect a significant improvement in the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs).

In the article, the concept of construction of immitance converters was developed, the system of their classification was justified, the basic parameters were determined, the requirements were formulated and the possible ways of their technical implementation were analyzed. The analysis showed the existence of a considerable number of technical solutions for the implementation of the integrated circuit. Bipolar and field effect transistors, operational amplifiers and current conveyors were used as active devices. Conclusions based on the results of the study were also drawn.

The paper proposes the use of switches to synthesize immittance logic elements, which makes it possible to ensure the operation of logic elements at various fixed operating frequencies. This in turn allows to increase the operating frequency range of such elements. For the first time, a mathematical model of a multi-frequency immittance logic R-element "NOT" was developed. It allowed to determine the transient characteristics at different operating frequencies. The circuit of the multi-frequency opto-immittance logic R-element "NOT" was developed. The results of the study of its transient characteristics showed the possibility of using the circuit in the design of passive immittance logic elements with an extended operating frequency range.