This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 12781, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee information.

Power electronics in harsh environments are required to be used in many areas for measurement, monitoring, and control. These include, for example, the automobile industries, down hole oil and gas exploration, geothermal power industries or even aerospace exploration and space missions. The extreme environment can be divided into high-temperature environments, low-temperature environments, a wide range of temperature environments, an intense radiation environment, or even a combination of all the above extreme conditions. By far, the main leading applications under extreme operating conditions are including silicon (Si), the silicon on the insulator (SOI), silicon germanium (SiGe), silicon carbide (SiC), and gallium nitrite (GaN) semiconductor. Although the development of advanced power electronics designed for harsh environments has successfully pushed the boundaries of extreme conditions, the reliability of passive components in power electronics is still rarely probed. This paper probes the effect of Sic-integrated conductors, for example, on temperature variations for different capacitance at different frequencies up to 300℃, and the experimental results demonstrate their reliability. Research into power electronics in extreme environments is also important in rolling stock, where the reliability of components needs to be taken into account at high altitudes or in extreme low temperatures.

The existing sensor network trust evaluation model cannot be directly applied to the new power system distributed home photovoltaic collection scenario, which is difficult to meet the requirements of strong computing power and high defense power of the new power system. Therefore, a distributed dynamic trust evaluation model based on multi-index detection is proposed. Firstly, the communication trust evaluation based on Bayes is carried out according to the historical interaction of terminal acquisition nodes. Then, the current collected data is evaluated by perceptual trust based on its historical data support degree and regional trust based on probability density. Finally, the entropy weight method is used to dynamically decentralize the values of each trust module. The node activeness and double reward and punishment mechanism are introduced to calculate the comprehensive trust value and realize the dynamic update. The experimental results show that the four levels of trust evaluation model suitable for the new power system environment and can be used to detect the distributed in a short period of time household photovoltaic power generation collection in view of the signal in the scene, such as equipment aging and malicious tampering with cases of abnormal nodes, dynamic, accuracy of node trust evaluation, and according to the specific details provide a reference for analysis of exception type.

The current traditional electric power big data integration management method realizes the intelligent scheduling and management of electric power data through load prediction of electric power data, which leads to poor data transmission performance due to the lack of pre-processing of the original data. In this regard, a research on the integrated management method of electric power big data based on the grid data center is proposed. By using asymmetric encryption technology to generate private, cipher and public keys of blocks, the signature encryption and login authentication of the collection layer are completed, pre-processing of power data is realized, and power management security analysis is conducted, and the integrated power big data management architecture is proposed. In the experiment, the data transmission performance of the proposed electric power data integration management method is verified. The analysis of the experimental results shows that the power data integration management platform built by the proposed method has a low transmission delay and has a better data transmission performance.

Aiming at the transient voltage control problem of the receiving power grid under large-scale photovoltaic power supply access, this paper proposes a transient voltage stability control method for the receiving power grid considering the collaborative participation of photovoltaic and energy storage. This paper first analyses the input-output characteristics of the photovoltaic power supply and energy storage system, studies the reactive power regulation capacity of the photovoltaic power supply and energy storage system during operation, and establishes the model of the photovoltaic power supply and energy storage system. After that, the model of transient voltage stability margin and transient adjustable margin of the receiving power grid is established, and the reactive power coordination optimization model of the receiving power grid, in which PV and energy storage cooperate, is also established. By optimizing the reactive power response capability of the receiving power grid, transient voltage support is provided for the power grid. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified by simulation analysis, and the simulation results show that the proposed method can coordinate the reactive power output of photovoltaic power supply and energy storage and realize the transient voltage stability of the receiving power grid.

The accuracy and time variation of component parameters in the power grid model affect the real power grid state for accurate simulation analysis and calculation, the use of the power grid operation hybrid measurement data of the source of online data, rectangular coordinates is adopted to establish the unified mixed measurement model, save more intermediate variable step, by using the multivariate polynomial model directly. The power grid branch model is used to construct the artificial intelligence decision variables, and the optimization multi-objective function is constructed, and the differential evolution algorithm is selected to optimize the solution, and finally realize the parameter identification and bad data detection. An example of standard model shows that the algorithm is effective for parameter identification.

Aiming at the difficulty of choosing stealth materials in stealth aircraft, this paper firstly obtains the traveling wave suppression coefficient and reflection loss values of stealth materials with different dielectric parameters by simulation, and then conducts the reduction effect of the whole RCS of the aircraft attached with different dielectric parameters graphene materials. Simulate and find the thermal centers in the forward, backward and lateral directions, and finally select the appropriate travel wave suppression coefficient and reflection loss of the stealth material based on the thermal center obtained by the RCS simulation, so as to develop the optimal stealth material.

The traditional resistive absorber, active absorber and other single structure absorbers or super surfaces have the disadvantages of narrow effective bandwidth and single adjustment mode. In order to solve this problem, a combined structure of phase modulated active absorber and resistive absorber is proposed in this study to improve the broadband of scattering suppression and enrich the effect of adjustment methods, and its design method is described. Through reasonable optimization of the two components, the effects are overlapped, and the camouflage effect is enhanced. The designed structure can achieve a scattering suppression effect of less than -10 dB at a bandwidth of 3.2 GHz to 18 GHz, where the phase modulation frequency band is greater than 4 GHz. This structure has the same adjustment effect on TE and TM waves, and the adjustment effect is quite similar under the incidence of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. The structure also has the structural advantage of low thickness, which is more suitable for practical applications. It has great application potential in electromagnetic compatibility, energy absorption, object camouflage.

Solar cells can improve their photovoltaic conversion efficiency and output performance through concentration, but due to the non-ideal nature of concentrators, the uneven distribution of light on the surface of the cell can have negative effects. This can be reduced by adjusting the ratio of concentrator spot size to cell area to decrease the non-uniformity of illumination. Considering the actual temperature effect, the light distribution, carrier generation rate, temperature distribution, and output characteristics were studied using different spot coverage ratio schemes. The study showed that under 200-fold concentration, the maximum power increased by 42.47mW/cm² for a concentrator spot coverage ratio of 3x compared to 0.2x, with a decrease in total illumination. Therefore, in practical applications, it is important to consider both the intensity and uniformity of illumination and to choose appropriate geometric concentration ratios and spot coverage ratios to improve solar cell performance.

In this paper, GaInP/GaAs/InGaAsN/Ge four-junction solar cells are designed and optimized. The efficiency of the cells reaches 32.84% in AM0 spectrum and non-concentrated light. Solcore is used to establish a model, which mainly explores the influence of doping and thickness of sub-cell on the quantum efficiency and J-V characteristics of the cell. The base doping of GaInP cell and Ge cell was optimized to be 5×10¹⁷ cm^-3, and current matching was achieved by adjusting the base thickness. The reflectance of MgF₂/ZnS double-layer Anti-Reflective Coating (ARC) was compared with that of MgF₂/ SiC /ZnS triple-layer anti-reflective coating. Under the action of a three-layer ARC, the efficiency was improved by about 1.4%. After optimization, the peak efficiency is 42.8% under 700 times of concentrated light.

The charge nonlinearity of the photomultiplier reflects the difference between the number of photoelectrons in the anode output signal and the number of photoelectrons in the cathode. In this study, the nonlinearity of the photomultiplier output range from tens of photoelectrons to hundreds of photoelectrons was tested by using a continuous light attenuator and compared with the test scheme of alternating luminescence with double LED light sources. The results show that the maximum nonlinearity measured by the optical attenuation method is 80% higher than that measured by the two-light source method, and the correctness of the optical attenuation method is verified by the numerical sampling method.

InGaAs nanowires (NWs) are an important tunable direct bandgap III-V semiconductor nanomaterial, which have wide applications in the field of near-infrared photoelectric detections. In this work, high-quality In_xGa_1-xAs NWs with different compositions (In_0.35Ga_0.65As, In_0.41Ga_0.59As, In_0.53Ga_0.47As) are synthesized by two-step chemical vapor deposition. With the increase of In component of In_xGa_1-xAs NWs, the photocurrent and the responsivity of the photodetectors increase under the same optical power density. More importantly, high-performance near-infrared photodetectors are achieved based on the as-grown In-rich In_0.53Ga_0.47As NWs with a large responsivity of 5.01×10³ A/W and a high detectivity of 8.22×10¹⁰ Jones under 1064 nm irradiation. This work indicates the great application potential of In_xGa_1-xAs NWs for next-generation high-performance semiconductor optoelectronic devices.

We present an approach to the design of an RGB coupler for miniature projection and near-eye display devices using a photonic crystal-like sub-wavelength (PhC-SW) structure based on the SiN-SiO₂ photonic integration platform. The proposed device was optimized using an inverse design method. By etching pixelated air holes on the SiN core layer, light propagation can be controlled by modulating the equivalent refractive index. This approach results in a device with an ultra-compact size of 3×4μm², which is one of the smallest reported design size for the RGB coupler. In addition, the proposed design could achieve transmission efficiencies of 72.10%, 84.41% and 90.16% insertion losses (IL) of -1.42dB, -0.74dB and -0.45dB, and 3dB bandwidth of -270.73dB, -248.20dB and -224.32dB at the RGB lights, respectively. This new method would provide a compact and efficient solution for the miniaturization of RGB couplers.

With the continuous development of power electronic system, electronic technology has been applied more and more widely, among which the isolation switch power supply technology, which is the representative, is also improving. As the core component of switching power supply, the volume, weight and efficiency of magnetic components seriously affect the overall performance of the system. With the increasingly high requirements of modern electrical product design, the traditional magnetic components have been unable to meet. Therefore, the design of the new chip inductor is studied in this paper, which has done useful work for the further development of the component magnetic design.

The extended depth of focus (DOF) of optical systems can improve the longitudinal range of imaging. Although it is possible to achieve a stable extension of the focal depth by using the traditional Inverse Quartic Axicon (IQAX) with the Seidel spherical aberration, its large volume and bulky structure prevent its application in small integrated optical systems. In contrast, a metasurface, with a small volume, thin thickness, and flexible control of light waves, provides a wider range of applications as extended DOF lenses. We have here developed a bifocal metalens with a polarization-dependent extended DOF. By combining the Pancharatnam – Berry phase with the spatial multiplexing method, the incident left circularly polarized light and right circularly polarized light were then focused on different transverse positions. The here-designed bifocal metasurface lens, with its extended DOF, can be applied in areas like multi-channel information encryption, optical imaging and detection.

The possibility of detecting holes in CFRP thin-walled square tubes by response surface method based on potential measurement is investigated in this paper. With ten electrodes set on the edge of the tube ends, a response surface model for hole identification was established by calculating potential responses of CFRP thin-walled square tubes with different circle holes on ANSYS. Virtual simulation experiment revealed that the response surface method using normalized potential data is effective to identify the circle hole on the CFRP thin-walled square tubes, especially for estimating the size of the hole. Larger error was observed in the same position identifications, including the longitudinal and transverse coordinates of the hole center. The causes of these errors and methods to improve accuracy were discussed.

This article briefly introduces the engineering background of the voltage characteristics test of boat-borne batteries. Based on the existing test conditions, a hardware test structure is established. A real-time monitoring system is designed through the VISA module of LabVIEW, which can realize remote real-time monitoring, storage, and the display of battery voltage test curve. It provides an efficient test method for grasping the characteristics of the boat-borne batteries and has certain reference value for real-time monitoring of other instruments.

In this paper, high-quality InP nanowires were grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and then characterized and analyzed. Aiming at the electrode contact problem of near-infrared III-V nanowire optoelectronic devices, Ti/Au and Cr/Au were used as the electrodes of InP nanowire optoelectronic devices for comparative experiments respectively. The results show that when using Ti/Au as the electrode, the InP nanowire optoelectronic device not only shows good contact characteristics - ohmic contact, but also has excellent photoelectric performance.

The calibration of electric wire spark tester artificial arcing system is not yet a unified national metrology calibration specification, in order to solve the problem of spark tester calibration and traceability, this paper proposes a calibration method for electric wire spark tester artificial arcing system and analyzes the uncertainty of measurement in detail. Main calibration parameters are ammeter, current limiting resistance value, capacitor capacitance value, fixed needle electrode time interval for each sweep of flat electrode, fixed needle electrode time per sweep of flat electrode and counter. The results show that this method has the traceability and reliability.

Aiming at the problems of large computational complexity and poor timeliness in electric vehicle battery fault diagnosis, a method for power battery fault diagnosis based on temperature data during parking charging phase was studied. Calculate the temperature probe ordering matrix for each charging segment, select the sliding window length k=50, step length b=1, and calculate the coefficient of variation of the probe ordering entropy within each sliding window. Set the alarm threshold to 3 to give an abnormal temperature change alarm to the probe. By analyzing the temperature probe data at the time of a vehicle thermal runaway accident, the accuracy and timeliness of the early warning method are verified, providing a new idea for power battery fault diagnosis.

Deploying a high-precision fiber-optic time synchronization network in the power grid can effectively support the safe operation of the grid. Firstly, a fault location model was constructed using the shortest path algorithm to address the complex loop network structure, and the impact of time synchronization on the accuracy of power grid fault location was analyzed. Then, a high-precision fiber-optic time synchronization composite signal transmission technology was proposed. This technology can deploy a high-precision fiber-optic time synchronization network in a complex power grid and ensure high-precision time synchronization of various monitoring nodes in the power grid by accurately transmitting time-frequency signal in the fiber through signal processing. Experimental results show that in time synchronization accuracy tests under normal temperature conditions, the time interval error of the fiber-optic time synchronization network is -10 ps and the time deviation is 35 ps, both of which far exceed the standard requirements. When the fiber works at changing temperatures, this technology can still transmit time-frequency signals with high accuracy in the fiber-optic time synchronization network, maintaining a high degree of time synchronization stability. Therefore, this technology can be applied to power grids in different working environments to improve the accuracy of power grid fault location.

Ga₂O₃ is one of the hot materials used in the preparation of solar blind ultraviolet detectors in recent years because of its wide band gap of 4.8 eV, high optical absorption coefficient, good thermal and chemical stability, strong anti-irradiation ability and low cost. Among them, amorphous Ga₂O₃ materials not only have the same photoelectric characteristics as single crystalline Ga₂O₃ materials, but also have the unique advantages of easy growth, easy preparation and low substrate requirements. The introduction of oxygen vacancy in Ga₂O₃ can produce intermediate energy level in its forbidden band, so that Ga₂O₃ has the ability of wide band detection from ultraviolet to visible. However, in photoconductive Ga₂O₃ photodetectors, there exists a contradictory relationship between responsiveness and response recovery speed, which is mainly attributed to the fact that photoconductive gain and sustained photoconductivity related to defects increase responsiveness and response recovery time, respectively. In addition, the mechanism of photoconductance gain and sustained photoconductance formation needs further clarification. In this paper, amorphous Ga₂O₃ photodetectors with good performance were prepared and the mechanism of continuous photoconductance in Ga₂O₃ photodetectors was investigated.

The combination of inorganic semiconductor and organic lead halide perovskite to prepare photodetectors can produce wider spectral response and better photoelectric performance to a certain extent, so it has been widely studied. Here, ZnO thin film was prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, MAPbI₃ was prepared by spin coating method, and ZnO/MAPbI₃ composite UV-vis photodetector was prepared. ZnO is n-type semiconductor material, MAPbI₃ is p-type semiconductor material and ZnO/MAPbI₃ heterojunction is formed at the contact interface. Electrons from MAPbI₃ diffuse into ZnO and holes from ZnO diffuse into MAPbI₃, forming a built-in electric field. The surface of ZnO reacted photodesorption, the width of the depletion zone is reduced, leading to an increase in free carriers. With an operating voltage bias of 3 V, the ZnO/MAPbI₃ photodetector represented significantly enhanced spectral reactivity (0.02 A/W). Therefore, our study will provide a reference for combining inorganic substances and perovskite to be used in high-performance photodetectors.

Based on the simulation calculation of grounding grid corrosion, a non-excavation method of grounding grid corrosion detection scheme is designed. Firstly, a given excitation current signal is injected into the diagonal of the measurement area of the ground network. Then, the magnetic field intensity of the current conductor directly above the ground is detected, the current intensity is solved by the Bio-Savart law, and R=U/I is calculated with the voltage signal measured between the accessible nodes. Finally, the degree of resistance corrosion between each group of nodes is obtained.

Delamination defects are a common cause of failure in laminated composites. Currently, laminated composites are widely used in wind turbine blades, and the laminates are made of fibrous materials laid in multiple layers, so the fiber orientation significantly affects the stress distribution of the laminates when they are subjected to forces. In this paper, the forced vibration analysis of laminates with different fiber orientation clamping angles is carried out under three different delamination defects. The von Mises stress distribution and lateral velocity of laminates were analyzed under bending and torsional loads. It is proved that the forced vibration state of laminates is the best when the fiber direction Angle is 90°.

Largely extended nanographenes and graphene nanoribbons on insulators, offer promising applications in graphene technologies. Here, we demonstrate the assembly of shape-persistent few-layer polyphenylenes with high ordering at C(100) interfaces. High pressure treatment of the polyphenylenes on C(100) with CH₂Cl₂ as a hydrogen donor results on hydrogenation of the material as characterized by Raman spectroscopy. Our method is relevant for the fabrication of advanced, nanographene devices with unique relevance in diamond-based information technologies.

In view of the high Thermal Flux Density encountered with the Mini LED in COB (Chip on Board) packaging, board-level thermal dissipation is becoming more and more important. This paper analyses characteristics and trends of board-level thermal dissipation of the Mini LED. First, board-level materials are developing from the ordinary PCB (Printed Circuit Board) to metallic materials and ceramic materials. Second, the limitation of process technologies and material costs make thermal dissipation of hybrid substrates the future direction for development. In order to meet the requirements of thermal dissipation for different power devices and products, optimization design and simulation analysis of the thermal dissipation structure becomes a real necessity. Therefore, digitalized thermal simulation design and accurate thermal simulation design become a practical necessity. Finally, the reliability and the interface crack of a large number of micro pores caused by Mini LED board-level thermal dissipation are analyzed. To ensure the massive production of the Mini LED, the process level and the quality control of the entire manufacturing process must be improved.

With the development of the high-speed information era, dual-band response devices have attracted much attention. In this paper, a Cu₂O/TiO₂ heterojunction photodetector (PD) prepared by hydrothermal method and electrochemical deposition method is reported, which is simple, low-cost, non-toxic and pollution-free, and has a dual-band spectral response in the ultraviolet and visible ranges, and the responsivities of 0.029 and 0.078 A W^-1 are obtained, respectively. This study provides a reference for potential applications of high-performance dual-band PDs.

To address the problem of how to recognize the grasped objects by underdriven manipulators, a new flexible capacitive sensor is proposed to improve the perceptual sensitivity of the manipulator and a grasping recognition method combined with machine learning methods to improve the recognition accuracy. The designed flexible sensor uses CB/Ecoflex as the conductive filler and Ecoflex as the substrate. The study optimizes the sensor design parameters by building a capacitance model; the test results show that the sensor has a good measurement sensitivity. The gripping test was performed by installing this sensor on each joint of the underdriven manipulator and analyzing the change of capacitance when gripping different surface contours to identify the shape of the object. The test system takes the collected capacitance signal and processes the collected data set. Two different machine learning algorithms are used to train the dataset for testing. Through experimental analysis, the object recognition accuracy is up to more than 90% in both cases, and the test verifies the effectiveness of the sensor and the recognition method.

Based on the shock absorber as the application background, a kind of Strontium Titano-Oxalate (STO) electrorheological material was synthesized. According to the mass ratio of STO electrorheological fluid to dimethyl silicone oil of 1:2. When the electric field intensity is 4 kV/mm and the shear rate is 3000 s^-1, the maximum shear stress of the material is more than 9 MPa, and it has good temperature stability and anti-settlement performance. The STO electrorheological fluid was applied to the newly designed buffer, and the simulation test was carried out by using the fixed voltage, PID algorithm and fuzzy control algorithm respectively. The results show that the electrorheological buffer has the best anti-impact effect under the control of fuzzy algorithm, and the damping force and displacement peak value of the rear seat decrease by 30.5% and 19.1%, respectively. Good active control effect is obtained.

Stress relaxation performance is an important performance indicator for evaluating elastic materials or components. The accuracy of relaxation testing machines directly determines the accuracy of the detection results of relaxation tests, which affects the effectiveness and reliability of the detection results. For a long time, the calibration work of the relaxation testing machine has not been carried out, and the testing and testing institutions cannot grasp the accuracy of the relaxation testing machine equipment itself. To achieve the calibration of the relaxation test force value system, the requirements for calibration parameters were clarified, and a calibration test for the relative error of force value indication was designed, and its uncertainty was evaluated.

InGaAs-based p-i-n Photo-Detectors (PDs) on misoriented Si and conventional Si substrates are both designed, fabricated, and characterized. It is found that the as-grown PD structure on misoriented Si substrate has lower dislocation density than on conventional Si substrate. The PD fabricated on misoriented Si substrate shows a low dark-current of 83nA under −5 V, a zero bias voltage responsivity of 0.58 A/W at 1550 nm, the corresponding quantum efficiency is 46%. The dark-current and quantum efficiency at 1550 nm, of the PD on misoriented Si substrate, is about over one orders of magnitude lower and 70% higher respectively, than the comparison PD fabricated on conventional Si substrate.

Two-dimensional III-V binary compounds are considered as high-performance optoelectronic materials due to their tunable bandgap and unique photoelectric properties. In this research, the effects of strain engineering on the electronic properties and optical properties of hexagonal boron phosphide monolayer have been systematically studied by using first principles calculations. The bandgap is enlarged monotonously while the direct bandgap character remains as the strain increases from -10% (compression) to +10% (tension), suggesting its application prospect in flexible electronics. Interestingly, the hexagonal boron phosphide monolayer exhibits a large optical absorption coefficient in both visible and ultraviolet regions and could reach 1.3 × 10⁶ cm^-1 in ultraviolet region. As compressive strain gets larger, the main peak of dielectric function as well as the edge of optical absorption appear redshift. In addition, the absorption spectrum broadens in visible light region and the light absorption intensity becomes larger in ultraviolet range with increasing compressive strain. The calculated optical properties prove that hexagonal boron phosphide monolayer is a suitable material as ultraviolet-visible dual band photodetectors and a potential auxiliary material for quantum cutting.

InGaAs/InP Negative Feedback Avalanche Diode (NFAD), with a quenching negative feedback resistor integrated, is a new type of high-sensitivity and all-solid-state semiconductor device based on Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) structure. This paper proposes a near-infrared free-running single photon counting integrated module based on InGaAs/InP NFAD. It contains an active quench and extraction circuit, sampling and processing circuit, upper computer software design and TEC etc., and is designed to serve a NFAD adopting absorption-attenuation-charge-multiplication (SAGCM) structure with InGaAs/InP materials and operating in Geiger mode. In this module, we specifically design a full differential amplifier and comparator to exploit the performance of NFAD by detecting and extracting the weak avalanche signal and converting it into TTL pulse. The avalanche detection discrimination threshold voltage is adjustable by external high-precision DAC, and a programmable dead time could be set by Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The module system provides timing logic in order to avoid false counting caused by the coupling noise of the differential amplifier. By developing Graphical User Interface (GUI) program, we are able to setup detector working parameters configuration, to display real-time counting data and to further meet different application requirements. The fabricated module exhibits good NFAD performance with PDE of 7.9% and 15.8%, DCR of 1.37 kHz and 1.06 kHz and the after-pulse probability of 34.2% and 16.8% at 223 K, 1550 nm with dead time of 200 ns and 1 μs, respectively. It turns out that a near-infrared single photon counting system possessing fast detection speed, fast quenching time, flexible dead time adjustment, small size and high integration will be available in the near future to strongly support lidar and quantum information facilities.

High-precision time synchronization of each node in the distribution network is a critical technology supporting for distributed photovoltaic (PV) services. However, traditional time synchronization method has high costs and low coverage applying in the distribution network, which hinders the implementation of distributed PV services. Aiming at the above problems, we propose a group consensus protocol-based power line communication (PLC) wide coverage time synchronization method. First, the PLC wide coverage clock synchronization architecture is illustrated. Then, a group consensus protocol-based clock synchronization algorithm is proposed to achieve fast convergence and high precision time synchronization. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulation.

Substation plant boundary noise is an important environmental index of power grid engineering. In order to improve the sound environment quality around the substation, it is necessary to analyse the transformer near field noise and plant boundary noise loudness. In this paper, the field noise test of a 110kV outdoor substation is carried out. The measured data of transformer near-field noise and factory boundary noise are obtained. The loudness of a typical area is analyzed. The analysis of transformer noise loudness can provide accurate field data for substation noise control.

Narrow linewidth lasers have important applications in optical communication and sensing. To accurately measure the linewidth, we built a laser linewidth measurement system based on 3×3 coupler. It uses the demodulation algorithm of Differential Cross Multiplication to get the phase noise, and then obtains the linewidth value according to the β-separation line method. At the same time, we introduced wavelet denoising in the signal processing in order to reduce the influence of low frequency noise. Two wavelet bases, db4 and sym11, which were more effective for this system were identified through simulation, and experiments were conducted using a 2 μm band laser. The results prove that the frequency noise power spectral density and linewidth values are reduced after using wavelet denoising.

To overcome the disadvantage such as the large measurement error, the complex and ponderous composing, and the fussy manual work existing in the current measuring methods for the parameters of gun chamber, a new measuring system based the CCD imaging and the capacitive grating sensor is brought out, moreover, this paper expounds the form and the measuring principle, and analyzes the measuring accuracy of the system in detail. The result shows the new measuring principle is viable, and the new system has the simple composing and the high measurement accuracy, and can suffice the test requirement at the shooting range.

The quality of the reflection spectrum of the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) will directly affect the performance of the grating sensor network. Aiming at the problem of quality detection of fiber Bragg grating sensor network prepared online, this paper proposes a reflection spectrum quality identification algorithm based on Support Vector Machine (SVM). Firstly, the characteristic information of the original reflection spectrum is extracted based on theory and simulation. Then the raw feature information is preprocessed using a "signal segmentation and search model" to find the approximate locations of the original reflection spectrum. Finally, the kernel function is used to optimize the SVM network model until the recognition accuracy of the reflection spectrum quality feature meets the requirements. 2000 groups of reflection spectrum characteristic data were put into SVM recognition network for training, the recognition effect reached 99.9%. Finally, the non-uniform temperature field is established, and the experimental results show that the algorithm can identify the distortion spectrum pattern of the fiber Bragg grating array with more than 99% accuracy. It effectively improves the recognition accuracy of reflection spectrum peak sag and distortion and provides a new idea for the quality detection of core components of fiber Bragg grating sensor network.

The property of the transmission characteristics and tunable unidirectional reflectionlessness phenomenon is theoretically investigated in a PT-symmetric system consisting of two optical resonators end-coupled to the waveguide. Our scheme exhibits that the system experiences unbroken states, exceptional point and broken states by properly adjusting the loss of the system, and its reflection spectrum have different characteristics. Tunable unidirectional reflectionlessness is possible due to the difference in reflection for forward and backward propagation of the system, and the contrast ratio of unidirectional reflectionlessness is greater than 85%.

Nowadays, superhydrophobic technology has drawn significant academic and commercial attention due to the range of benefits associated with this technology. According to many studies, superhydrophobicity is associated with the textures and chemical components of their surfaces. Meanwhile, some researchers pay attention to creating bio-inspired products with inspirations from a lot of plants and animals, such as butterfly wings, geckos, water striders, lotus leaves, cabbages and broccoli, and some of them are very fabulous, but many products are still staying at the laboratory stage, so holding further studies is necessary.

This paper focuses on the optical design and optical mounting of an off-axis two-return collimator with a focal length of 700 mm and an aperture of 400 mm. Firstly, the optical design of the off-axis collimator system was carried out, and the optical design was verified by ZEMAX to be reasonable. The large-aperture off-axis collimator is mainly used for laser communication terminal detection. Due to the improvement of the accuracy requirements of the detected optical terminal, the collimator is required to have large aperture, long focal length, high image quality, and the overall image quality stability after mounting is required to be high. The analysis and test results show that the surface accuracy of the main mirror of the large-aperture off-axis collimator reflection can guarantee a Root Mean Square (RMS) of 0.025λ for the wave image difference. And the secondary mirror adjustment mechanism is a free-moving device and can be adjusted in six degrees of freedom. The RMS of wave image difference of the system is 0.054 λ. The final set-up results meet the technical requirements and verify the rationality of the optical design.

Particle damping technology is a passive vibration and noise reduction technology, and its energy dissipation mechanism is complex, which leads to the slow research progress at present. The basic concept of particle damping technology, the energy dissipation mechanism and the factors affecting particle damping were introduced. The experimental research, numerical simulation and engineering application of particle damping technology were summarized. The research status of particle damping technology in the field of rail transit was introduced and some suggestions were put forward according to the actual situation.

The composite film of polymer and CsPbBr₃ perovskite quantum dots can effectively improve the photo stability and water stability of perovskite materials. In this study, CsPbBr₃ quantum dots were prepared by hot injection method. After ligand exchange treatment with 3-aminopropyl trimethoxy-silane (APMTS), high quality quantum dots were prepared. Further, the quantum dots were compounded in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to prepare high quality optical films, and the optical stability under UV excitation conditions was studied. The optical properties of toluene dispersion and PMMA composite films were characterized by fluorescence spectrometer, ultraviolet spectrophotometer and spectrophotometric luminance meter. According to the red shift of fluorescence peaks of composite films with different volume ratios, combined with the dependence of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) on quantum dot spacing, it is proved that the FRET effect of quantum dot films can be effectively inhibited by reducing the volume fraction of quantum dots, thus improving the optical properties of the films.

Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) system has great development prospects in microwave and millimeter wave wireless access networks. Optical millimeter wave generation technology is the key technology of RoF system. The traditional millimeter wave generation technology applied in the current communication system has high cost, short signal transmission distance and poor anti-interference ability. In contrast, optical millimeter wave generation technology has significant advantages in frequency flexibility, signal anti-interference ability and transmission cost. This paper describes the commonly used optical millimeter wave generation technology, including direct modulation, optical heterodyne and external modulation. This paper describes the basic principles, advantages and disadvantages of several technologies and research progress in recent years. Finally, the challenges of optical millimeter wave generation technology are given.

When single photon counting lidar detects moving targets in the air, the traditional denoising algorithm is not effective because of the short photon accumulation time and more susceptibility to noise photons. This paper first analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of the point cloud of the air target, denoises the single frame point cloud through radius filtering and grid filtering, and then calculates the fitting lines and feature points of the air target by using the line fitting algorithm and density clustering algorithm and corrects the position of the feature points by calculating the spatial distribution characteristics of the point cloud. Multi-frame point clouds are fused by the method of feature point matching and de-noised according to the detection probability. Compared with the traditional filtering de-noising algorithm, the proportion of noise point clouds in the de-noising result is 0.06, and the Hausdorff distance is 1.29. The de-noising effect is obvious, and the contour information of the target is well preserved. The results show that the method of feature point matching is feasible for point cloud denoising moving objects.

This work established an in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) using two-slice extrusion. The reaction kinetics of three, three-diazymoxy-tetrahydrofuran copolymer (PBT)/ two, four-Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI)/ Triphenyl Bismuth (TPB) system was studied and compared with that of PBT/TDI system. Compared with in situ Raman spectroscopy, in-situ FT-IR could obtain the evolution of functional groups during the curing reaction more accurately. The reaction of PBT/TDI could be divided into two stages, whose reaction kinetics accorded with second-order reaction kinetics. The addition of TPB hardly changed the order of reaction kinetics of the PBT/TDI system. TPB roughly doubled the second-stage reaction rate constant. This study provides an in-situ experimental method and the corresponding reaction kinetics crucial to investigating propellants.

In order to explore the influence of different standard light sources on the digitization of ruby color, D65 and A standard illuminants were taken as the research objects. Based on the relative spectral power of the two light sources, the influence of different standard illuminants on the results was calculated and analyzed by CIE 1976 L* a* b* color model. The experimental results show that the relative spectral power distribution of the D65 standard illuminant is relatively uniform, and the L* a* b* color parameters under the light source can be collected more accurately, objectively and truly. Therefore, the D65 standard light source is more practical for the digitization of ruby color.

This paper introduces the design and experiment of a new hyperspectral infrared Fabry-Perot (FP) filter based on Fano resonance. The FWHM (Full Width at Half Maxima) of the transmission peak in infrared band (1-8 μm) generated by a typical FP resonant microcavity is so large that cannot be used to achieve a common hyperspectral filtering. The FP resonant microcavity can be used to filter incident lightwave so as to generate a typical Lorentzian line pattern. Compared with the symmetric Lorentzian line shape, the Fano resonance line demonstrate a sharper character, which can be used in hyperspectral filtering imaging. In this paper, a new type of FP filter with a dentate basic structure is designed that can excite the Fano effect and generate sharp Fano resonance peak as a way to achieve hyperspectral filtering, which can be used to simulate the mechanism of Fano resonance generated in the new functioned structure developed. Then, the transmittance in the infrared band of 3 μm to 8 μm corresponding to different dentate functioned structures with different structural parameters are simulated for investigating the effect of dentate structure based on the Fano resonance. In order to verify the correctness of the simulations, he single-sided single-dentate type structure and compared the differences between the simulation and the actual measurement are fabricated and analyzed finally. The results show that the appearance of a clear Fano resonance peak observed in the designed device means that the developed goal is well achieved.

Silicon nanoparticles were used as down-conversion materials on the solar cell surface to achieve better absorption in the short-wavelength range. Photoluminescent silicon Nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully produced by electrochemical etching process. The effects of different electrochemical conditions on the properties of silicon NPs were discussed, including current density, process time, and silicon substrate resistivity. After that surface modification of Si NPs was also carried out to achieve a stable suspension, which was then spin-coated directly on the solar cell surface. Preliminary results of those Si particles showed a positive effect, an increase of 0.81% (abs.) for power conversion efficiency has been achieved in silicon heterojunction solar cells.

Aiming at the problem that the combined navigation accuracy of marine Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) and Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) is limited by the calibration accuracy of LDV, a calibration method of LDV for marine was proposed. Firstly, the working principle of LDV in marine integrated navigation system is analyzed, and then the error model of 1D LDV is established. Then, starting from the calibration method of LDV in land integrated navigation system, the calibration method of LDV in marine integrated navigation system is explored. The mean value method is proposed to estimate the velocity of water flow in the frame alignment stage, and then parameters analytical calibration and filtering calibration are carried out for marine LDV. In the filtering calibration stage, a velocity correction filtering calibration method based on DGPS is proposed. The influence of the change of water velocity on the calibration results is avoided. Finally, simulation experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of the calibration method.

The scattering characteristics of the pavement are the key factors affecting the performance of optical sensors used for the road detection such as LiDAR. Limited by the wavelength of the laser and the roughness of the pavement, the solution of the laser scattering on the asphalt pavements is outside the applicable range of the common analytical approximation models of electromagnetic scattering. Moreover, conventional numerical methods such as the method of moments have problems in computational memory and efficiency for two-dimensional rough surfaces, and these methods cannot deal well with the case of shielding and multiple scattering when the laser is incident at a large angle on a strong rough surface. In order to solve this problem, we propose a 3D hemisphere space scattering model based on ray tracing to describe the scattering and depolarization characteristics of the asphalt pavement. Compared with the 2D plane scattering model, the advantage of the 3D model is that it can solve the polarization information of the scattered lights. The results of the calculation show that the scattering intensity and the depolarization ratio of the asphalt pavement are both related to the roughness of the pavement closely. In general, with the increase of the roughness of the pavement, the backscattering intensity becomes stronger, and the depolarization ratio becomes larger.

Ultrashort pulse lasers have the characteristics of narrow output pulse width, high peak power and wide spectrum, and are widely used in precision manufacturing, biomedical, quantum communication, national defense and military. In actual production and life, the wavelength tuning and switching of mode-locked fiber lasers have important applications. In this paper, we demonstrate a wavelength-tunable mode-locked fiber laser, which is a mode-locked ytterbium fiber laser working at 10.84MHz, and achieves wavelength-tuned output in the range of 1017~1029nm by adding tunable devices. This tunable and short pulse all-fiber laser has the advantages of simple structure, easy tuning, and good stability, and has a wide range of application prospects.

The main focus of this study is to use the flip chip model and the finite element analysis software ANSYS to predict the temperature field and stress field distribution generated in laser micro-welding. The moving Gaussian heat source is used as the heat source model of loading. The results of transient thermal analysis show that the minimum temperature is greater than the eutectic temperature of 63Sn-37Pb solder, and the temperature decreases from the laser motion path to the surrounding. The results of thermo-mechanical coupling analysis show that when the laser moving speed decreases, the equivalent stress and deformation increase, and higher temperature is generated at the same time.

With the extended π-electronic delocalization, organic 4-N, N-dimethylamino-4'-N'-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) exhibits excellent third-order saturation absorption and optical limiting properties, but rare results about its third-order nonlinear emission have been previously reported. In this work, a flexible DAST−polyvinyl alcohol composite film was prepared, and its nonlinear emission properties were systematically characterized. Results reveal that besides a distinct second harmonic generation signal originating from the non-centrosymmetric macroscopic packing of the DAST chromophores, a strong third-order two-photon excited fluorescence signal was also measured from the composite, as experimentally confirmed by a quadratic dependence of the emission intensity on the pumped intensity. These nonlinear emission behaviors reveal that ionic organic DAST molecules hold great potential applications in laser frequency conversion and optical imaging.

Based on the deformation monitoring of engineering structures in variable temperature environment, error of differential decoupling method of Carbon fiber reinforced plastic sensors was studied. The results reveals that the individual differences of the temperature sensitivities in carbon fiber composites causes obvious error in strain measuring, which would increase with the increase of the differences of their temperature sensitivities. Improved differential decoupling method was put forward by setting the constant current power supplied with different excitation. This method is able to eliminate the error caused by differences both in the temperature sensitivities and the initial resistances and provides a high gauge factor. The effectiveness of the improved differential decoupling method was verified experimentally.

Position-Sensitive Detector (PSD) is a photodetector that can detect the position of an incident spot, which plays a critical role in motion tracking. PtTe₂ has a tilted Dirac cone with linear dispersion, which makes it a promising candidate for studying novel quantum phenomena and optoelectronics. Herein, a tellurium-vapor transformation approach is utilized for wafer-scale PtTe₂ preparation, and a new and low-cost PSD is fabricated by constructing PtTe₂/n-Si heterojunction. The PtTe₂/n-Si PSD exhibits a small nonlinearity of only 3.9%, indicating good linearity with zero bias and the work area reaches 3 mm by 3 mm. Furthermore, the response speed is less than the millisecond level. Theoretical analysis indicates that the barriers at PtTe₂/n-Si interface and ultra-high conductivity of PtTe₂ cause the lateral spread of photo-carriers. This work demonstrates a universal strategy for low-cost photodetector towards the PSD applications.

Metasurface refractive index sensor has become an important research direction in the field of optical biosensors owing to its capabilities of real time monitoring, compact device size and high sensitivity to the refractive index change of the external environment. During the last decades, the sensitivity of the sensors has been dramatically improved. Improving the figure of merit is another strategy to enhance the sensing performance. In this paper, we propose an asymmetric double semicircular all dielectric metasurface structure. With the interference between excited toroidal dipole and Rayleigh anomaly in the metasurface array, ultra-high figure of merit has been achieved. According to the simulation results, with optimized structure parameters, a Q-factor of 14559 has been obtained with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the resonance of 0.06 nm, while the sensitivity is 320 nm/RIU and the figure of merit is 5333 RIU^-1.

In active optics technology, the force actuator is a key component of the active support system. However, the existing electromechanical force actuators have difficulty ensuring the linearity of output force and have a complex structure with poor accuracy. This article addresses this issue by designing a high-precision and highly linear force actuator. The force actuator converts the linear displacement of the stepper motor driving the screw nut into the pressure of the spring through a composite spring group and achieves the output tensile and compressive forces through the preload of the spring group. According to the test results, this force actuator has high linearity, with a maximum tensile and compressive force of up to 200 N and a repeatability accuracy within 0.1 N, achieving the design goal.

This research proposes a highly sensitive transformer fault detection method based on fluorescence spectral analysis to solve the problems of DGA (Dissolved Gases Analysis) technology, which is widely used for insulating oil condition detection: (1) the detection cycle is long and cannot respond in time; (2) the detection sensitivity is insufficient and fails when the amount of dissolved gas is small or there is no dissolved gas under low-energy fault. Fluorescence spectroscopy-based rapid detection technique. To master the fluorescence spectrum features of insulating oil and its ideal acquisition settings, the fluorescence spectral characteristics of commercially available new oil and insulating oil from real functioning transformers were gathered and evaluated. Perform a thermal aging fault simulation test, collect fluorescence spectra from defective oil samples to determine the ideal excitation wavelength, and link the fluorescence bimodal characteristic ratio with the duration of the thermal aging fault. The comparison results show that the fluorescence spectroscopy analysis method can detect the fault on the 30th day of thermal aging, which is approximately ten days earlier than the DGA method, shows how the test can assist fluorescence analysis approaches in detecting failures at an earlier stage. Meanwhile, fluorescence spectroscopic detection and analysis are quick, allowing for online real-time defect monitoring. The approach has the benefits of being quick and sensitive and not requiring sample treatment, and it has a promising future in the field of transformer failure identification.

During the development of LiDAR for bathymetry, in order to ensure that the LiDAR optical system can be used properly, it is necessary to adjust the coaxial of multiple channel optical paths to minimize the loss of light energy and ensure that LiDAR can achieve normal bathymetry data acquisition. In this paper, a method of installing and adjusting LiDAR optical system is proposed. Integrated design of support platform is adopted in the structure, a scientific and reasonable mounting sequence is proposed, and multi-optical axis parallelism calibrator is used to realize the optical path coaxial of the receiving system and the transmitting system. The experiment verifies that the installed and completed LiDAR can achieve normal bathymetry.

In the context of large-scale connection of distributed PV to the grid, this paper proposes a heuristic algorithm-based method for assessing the maximum hosting capacity of distributed PV in distribution grids. Firstly, a distributed PV maximum hosting capacity model is established by considering constraints such as voltage deviation, short-circuit current, harmonic constraint and reverse load factor, under the condition that distributed PV installation point and initial capacity are known. Secondly, a heuristic optimization algorithm based on equal-step downward search is proposed to reduce photovoltaic capacity according to the order of indicators, so as to realize the evaluation of the maximum hosting capacity of distributed photovoltaic in the distribution network. Finally, the IEEE-33 node distribution system is then used to verify the effectiveness of the method, and the above security and stability constraints are individually analyzed to determine the strength of their limitations on PV capacity, and then the optimal reduction order is formulated according to the impact of different constraint indicators to improve the efficiency and practicality of the model calculation.

Photovoltaic (PV) system generally works in natural environment. Pollutants in the atmosphere usually diminish the power generation of PV system, and that could lead to economic losses directly. In order to minimize the economic losses caused by soiling, the specific PV system cleaning event have to be adjusted to each site, as cleaning even is only profitable when the cost of cleaning is lower than the revenues from energy recovery. In current studies, the cleaning strategy model was studied under the assumption that the dust deposited on the photovoltaic system surface was uniformly distributed. However, as to the installation way of the PV module and the climate characteristics in each site, the accumulation of dust on the surface of the PV module displayed nonuniformity distribution characteristics, and that inevitably resulted in different cleaning costs. In this paper, a novel cleaning strategy simulating model is proposed based on soiling nonuniformity characteristics in large utility-scale and residential-scale roof PV system cases, and that optimized cleaning revenue rate by cleaning mode at the difference cases can be simulated and quantified.

Organoboron compounds provide a new method to tune photoelectric properties of π-conjugated materials. In this paper, we developed an organoboron compound (MBN-3Th), which composed of an organoboron core unit (BNBP4P) and two electron withdrawing groups linked by two π bridging units (trithiophene). Due to MBN-3Th has unique electronic structure, i.e. the LUMO is delocalized on the whole π-conjugated structure and the HOMO is localized on trithiophene units and the core unit. MBN-3Th exhibits broad absorption spectrum and possesses appropriate LUMO/HOMO energy levels, the E_LUMO/E_HOMO values are -3.88 eV and -5.24 eV. Extending π bridging units increase HOMO level, blue shift wavelength absorption peak, and improves crystallinity in thin film. Organic solar cells (OSCs) with MBN-3Th as electron acceptor have power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.18% and broad photoresponse of 300- 800 nm.

A high refractive index sensitivity sensing structure that operates in the mid-infrared band using a suspended Gallium arsenide (GaAs) waveguide combined with a both-arm width asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (ASMZI) is proposed. The sensing arm of ASMZI uses a suspension structure to enhance the interaction of the evanescent field with the analyte and improve the refractive index sensitivity. The simulation analysis shows that the refractive index sensitivity(S) of the ASMZI are 930.9 nm/RIU. Our research facilitates the design of high-performance biochemical sensors, and a compact and miniaturized design can be easily integrated with other SOI devices.

Synthetic Aperture Radar is widely used in civil and military fields, and there are many efficient digital imaging algorithms in synthetic aperture radar imaging field. While in practice, the phase error in the echo signal will lead to the degradation of the imaging quality. In addition, with the development of high-resolution synthetic aperture radar, the traditional motion compensation is not enough to meet the imaging requirements. Based on the existing research results at home and abroad, this paper proposes a fine phase error compensation technology of synthetic aperture radar adaptive optical imaging system. In this paper, the application of deformable mirror and wavefront sensor in synthetic aperture radar optical imaging system is studied. The wavefront sensor detects the distortion generated in the radar echo data and sends the distortion signal to the control computer. The control computer calculates the conjugate signal according to the distorted wavefront phase and sends it to the deformable mirror, which conducts distortion correction according to the signal sent by the control computer. Furthermore, the deformable mirror adjusts the surface shape in real time through the wavefront phase feedback of the wavefront sensor to reduce the phase error, which is of great significance for improving the imaging quality and improving the adaptive ability of the imaging system.

In this paper, a terahertz tunable filter based on vanadium dioxide with a H-type structure is designed. The dielectric layer of the filter is quartz glass and the metal layer is composed of aluminum and vanadium dioxide. Using the phase transition characteristic of VO₂, the single band and double band of filter can be switched. When VO₂ is the insulating phase, the filter is in single-pass state with a transmission rate of 0.97 and a -3dB bandwidth of 1.71THz; when VO₂ is the metallic phase, the filter is in double-pass state, the transmission rate of both passbands reaches above 0.8, and the -3dB bandwidth at the center frequency is 0.89THz and 1.17THz respectively.

By density functional theory, the complex formed by 8-hydroxyquinoline ligand with Pb and Hg were simulated and optimized. By comparing the configuration, infrared spectrum, binding energy and UV-visible absorption spectra of 8- hydroxyquinoline-mercury and 8-hydroxyquinoline-lead, it was found that the trapping ability and binding energy of 8- hydroxyquinoline-mercury were significantly stronger than that of mercury, and lead ion was more capable of binding with 8-hydroxyquinoline than mercury ion.

Plasmonic absorber is attracted in many areas. Many metamaterial absorbers have been designed and can work effectively to achieve narrowband absorption and broadband absorption. We propose a metal-insulator-metal plasmonic absorber with polarization-controlled absorption performance in visible and infrared frequencies. The absorption efficiency is greater than 97% at the wavelength of 1378 nm and nearly 90% at the wavelength of 637 nm under TM-polarized light. Under TE-polarized light, the absorption efficiency is greater than 75% at the wavelength of 803 nm. This plasmonic absorber featuring a simple configuration and good absorption performance can be used for practical applications, such as sensing and imaging.

Based on the current environment and available methods for wastewater treatment, this paper presents the application and mechanisms of photocatalysis in wastewater treatment. The approach, using a review and comparison, measured the application and benefits of photocatalysis. Results are shown to be consistent with theoretical predictions and to be a significant improvement over previous work, such as that of photocatalysis’s predecessors. The work presented here has far reaching implications for future photocatalysis research and may one day help to address issues such as the mechanisms and applications of cognitive photocatalysis.

Beam steering devices are widely used in laser radar, optical communication, free space optical interconnection and other fields. But at present, most beam steering devices are large in size, complex in structure and low in reliability, and then integration, portability and low power consumption of beam steering devices are the urgent problems to be solved in modern photoelectric system. This paper introduces a two-dimensional beam steering chip that integrates the liquid crystal optical phased array on the in-phased coupled Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) array. The theoretical model of beam steering chip is used finite difference time domain method to set up and simulate. The beam steering chip can theoretically achieve two-dimensional beam steering, with a max deflection range of 4.96°.

The synthesis of three distinct types of MnO₂ nano-sticks, including alpha-MnO₂, beta-MnO₂, and gamma-MnO₂, was carried out to establish the correlation between the crystallographic phase of MnO₂ catalysts and their capability in catalyzing NO oxidation. The findings revealed that, among the three MnO₂ nano-sticks catalysts, gamma-MnO₂ displayed the most excellent catalytic performance and superior tolerance for SO₂. Subsequently, the prepared catalysts were analyzed using multiple characterization methods. It was found that the remarkable catalytic performance for gamma-MnO₂ nano-sticks were attributed to their low crystallinity, high redox activity, high surface Mn⁴⁺ concentration, high adsorbed oxygen concentration, and strong NO adsorption capability. In-situ DRIFT images revealed that the NO_x adsorbed on gamma-MnO₂ nano-sticks were highly unstable and prone to decompose into NO₂.

A simulation model for damage detection of stealth coating was established. The influences of detection frequency, array number, excitation aperture, scanning step and other parameters on the detection results and imaging results were discussed. At the same time, the test results are in good agreement with the simulation results through verification of the detection test, indicating that the proposed ultrasonic phased array detection method can be used for in-situ detection of stealth coating in the external field.

Hundreds of classification algorithms have been proposed for the task of classifying time series. These methods are broadly classified into three types: distance-based, feature-based, and deep learning-based. Problems such as small and diverse time series data have led to the low accuracy of deep learning models in time series classification tasks. To address the above problems, a recursive full convolutional network hybrid model combined with data augmentation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, data augmentation is used to address the problem of small and diverse raw data. Secondly, compared with the traditional depth model, this paper uses a recursive full convolutional network hybrid model, which makes the model training faster and more accurate. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by using an industrial park load data and the largest publicly available TSC benchmark dataset UCRArchive2018 for assisted training, and the results show that the time series classification method based on recursive full convolutional network hybrid model proposed in this paper has obvious superiority compared with existing methods.

The evaluation of the reliability of the energy Internet cyber-physical system is complicated, and the mechanism of interaction and mutual influence between the energy primary equipment level and the information terminal level is still difficult to be clarified. In this paper, we establish the node potential function and network topology potential function for measuring the energy Internet information support based on the data field theory and propose the node importance evaluation index system and the generalized node quality calculation method with evaluation offset optimization to realize the objective evaluation of the reliability of the energy Internet cyber-physical system.

Optical fiber communication technology, as a wired optical communication technology, has become a key technology to support modern network communication and carry the development of the Internet. Optical signals are affected by atmospheric attenuation and atmospheric turbulence in transmission, which can lead to light intensity flicker, beam drift and beam expansion, resulting in reduced reliability and stability of communication systems. Polarization code, as a new channel coding technology, has a clear and explicit coding structure, low decoding complexity and robust error correction performance; It can effectively suppress the influence of atmospheric turbulence without changing the transmitter and receiver structures, and effectively improve the performance of free-space optical communication systems. In this paper, we analyze the statistical characteristics of atmospheric turbulence effect in free-space optical communication, and study the polarization principle, coding construction and common decoding algorithms of polarization codes. On this basis, two common decoding algorithms of polarization codes with high BER and low delay as advantages are improved and optimized and applied to the study of free-space optical communication to improve the BER performance of free-space optical communication.

With the improvement of semiconductor, MOSFET devices are becoming smaller, making devices more sensitive to ESD. Therefore, the ESD research of MOSFET devices becomes more important. Simulation research can reduce the huge cost caused by the test, which plays an important role in ESD protection design. Based on Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) failure mechanism of MOSFET, the destructive and potential failure mechanism of deep submicron NMOSFET under Transmission Line Pulse (TLP) stress are simulated in this paper. The simulation analysis shows that the destructive failure of the device is caused by the breakdown of the oxide layer between the gate and drain due to the very strong electric field triggered by ESD action. Moreover, even if ESD is lower than the failure voltage threshold, multiple actions can also cause device failure. At the same time, the simulation shows that the abnormal charge state of the oxide layer caused by hot carrier injection is an important reason for the potential failure of the device, and the cumulative effect of ESD on the threshold voltage of the device is huge. The simulation study provides a reference for the future application of TLP test technology in simulation research.

Aiming at the noise signal caused by external environment and sensor reuse in the demodulation system of large capacity fiber grating sensor network, a Threshold Retained Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (TROMP) reconstruction algorithm is proposed based on compressed sensing theory. In this algorithm, the useful signal can be effectively recovered from the noise signal by improving the threshold setting, atom selection and iteration stop condition. Experiments show that: TROMP algorithm can achieve ideal denoising and reconstruction effect under less observation value, the SNR of the system is increased by 10 dB, the root mean square error is less than 0.0071, and the number of cross-relations can reach 0.9999. Compared with similar algorithms, the running time is shortened by more than half, and the comprehensive performance of noise signal processing for FBG sensor system is better than other reconstruction algorithms.

Aiming at the poor accuracy of traditional single peak detection algorithm in fiber grating demodulation, this paper proposes a symmetry corrected Gaussian nonlinear fitting algorithm based on Hilbert transform (HT-EXG) for multi peak detection. The algorithm uses Hilbert transform to segment the input reflection spectrum and uses exponential modified Gaussian nonlinear fitting algorithm to correct and optimize its peak position, so as to achieve accurate positioning of the reflection spectrum. The experimental results show that the proposed HT-EXG algorithm improves the accuracy of FBG peak demodulation and the stability of the system. The average error of peak detection is less than 3 pm, and the system stability is better than 0.5 pm. It provides an accurate demodulation method for FBG sensor network peak detection.

The copolymer of MA/AMPS, an environmental protection treatment agent for circulating cooling water, was synthesized. The scale inhibition performance of MA/AMPS copolymer was studied by static experiments. It was found that the addition of magnetic field can effectively improve the scale inhibition performance of the copolymer. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the copolymer of MA/AMPS distorted the crystal shape of the calcium carbonate scale samples. The synergistic effect of magnetic field and MA/AMPS copolymer did not significantly change the crystal shape of scaling samples.

The bus transceiver is a key device for data caching and transmission in communication systems and a key device for space communication. In this paper, the carrier distribution in the silicon material inside the device is analyzed for a typical high-speed bus transceiver linear device, and the effects of 0.1 nJ, 1.0 nJ and 10 nJ on the carrier concentration and focusing point are analyzed by finite element simulation. The single-particle transient (SET) sensitivity of each functional circuit of the device was analyzed by local scanning of the device chip using a pulsed laser beam. The critical laser energy and sensitive position distribution of the single-event transient of the device were obtained. It is found that the device will show transient pulses when the pulsed laser energy is around 1.3 nJ, single-particle latching phenomenon when the pulsed laser energy is around 1.8 nJ, and single-event latching phenomenon when the pulsed laser energy continues to increase to 5 nJ. This study explores an economical and convenient method of bus transceiver SET evaluation using pulsed laser probe, which is an important reference value for high-speed bus applications in space.

Risley prisms beam steering system is designed to meet the demand of light and compactness of the satellite-based laser communication load. The beam pointing solution model is established by Sneer's law in vector form, and the effects of element parameter errors, prism rotation angle errors, and mounting errors on the pointing accuracy are analyzed. It is found that the azimuth angle is more sensitive to the above error sources compared to the pitch angle; the assembly error of prism II has more influence on the pointing error compared to prism I.

Based on the luminescence of the X-ray in the scintillator, this article builds a new hexagonal microcolumn model of CsI(Tl) thin film coupled with the charge-coupled device (CCD). The study proposes a fluorescence transport structure for X-ray luminescence and investigates the fluorescence transformation efficiency of the CsI(Tl) crystal to X-ray. Simulation results reveal that the different thickness and crystal column diameter has a significant impact on the fluorescence transmittance efficiency. The comprehensive discussion indicates that the maximum efficiency can be acquired under an appropriate grain diameter and film thickness.

We present a transmission-controllable spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) waveguide by integrating resonators composed of the phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST). Due to the field enhancement, the SSPP waveguide is sensitive to the local metallic structure, and the controllable transmission property is achieved by using the SSPP waveguide to excite the resonance of the spoof localized surface plasmon (SLSP) unit composed of GST. The transmission characteristics of the SSPP can be dynamically manipulated by the switchable resonance in the SLSP, owing to the electric conductivity change during the phase-change process of GST. We have simulated the transmission properties of the SSPP waveguide when the GST undergoes an amorphous-to-crystalline phase change. The simulation results show that the SSPP waveguide has a notch frequency of 7.45 GHz with a transmission dip of up to -23 dB. The proposed transmission-controllable SSPP structure has important potential in designing and developing over-temperature protection circuits and systems.

Single sensor imaging is difficult to detect in complex environments. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a single image, enhance the robustness of the imaging system, and provide further assistance in complex environmental image identification, we assembled a jointed imaging system consisting of polarization, near-infrared, and visible cameras, accompanied with weighted average image color fusion algorithm. The imaging system was performed in both close-up natural landscape and remote marine target, and the sub-images from each camera and the fused image were analyzed by multiple non-reference quality evaluation indicators. The analysis results show that joint imaging can not only combine information from multiple source images, enhancing image quality, but also resist random noise from each imaging source.

Liquid crystals metalens (LC-ML) has attracted much attention due to its powerful functions in shaping light field with planar structure and its great application potentials. However, LC-MLs usually suffer from large chromatic aberration resulting from high phase dispersion. Here, we propose and demonstrate achromatic imaging at red-green-blue (RGB) wavelengths 450 nm, 526 nm, and 630 nm with optimized wavelength multiplexed phase coding in a single liquid crystals metalens. The optimized wavelength multiplexed phase coding, which works on three operating wavelengths simultaneously, is introduced via the complex field of summation of the individual optical fields at selected RGB wavelength and can be achieved via photo-patterning an azo-dye doped LC. The optical efficiency of the fabricated achromatic liquid crystals metalens can be optimized by applying appropriate voltages. The proposed achromatic LC-ML at multi-wavelengths is easy to fabricate and has a potential application in the display field.

The asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectral velocimetry technology is a new high-precision velocimetry method proposed in recent decades, and relevant research institutions have also obtained excellent measurement results at the application level based on this technique. However, past researchers mainly focused on the optimization of its optical characteristics and structure, and without in-depth research on its signal model. This paper analyzed the technique from the principal level, established the relevant mathematical model, and explained the origin of its high resolution. Based on the measurement mechanism described in this paper, on the one hand, it reflects the advantages of asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectral velocimetry technology; on the other hand, it also defines its application scope and defects. Through the research in this paper, the asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectral velocimetry technology can have both ultra-high measurement accuracy and low computational complexity. Furthermore, it also provided a reference for its application range.

Satellites are playing an increasingly irreplaceable role in communication systems. Aiming at the complex satellite spectrum environment, a satellite spectrum detection algorithm using morphological scale iterative filter to achieve noise floor estimation and adjusting the filtering threshold at each frequency point to filter out the noise base is proposed. The frequency band range of each signal is automatically divided according to the spectrum shape, and the interference caused by white noise and strong pulse to the measurement of signal center frequency and 3dB bandwidth parameter is reduced by cyclic smoothing. This method needs no prior information, and the noise base estimation is more accurate, realizing the detection of satellite spectrum and parameter measurement. The experimental simulation shows that the algorithm can effectively overcome the color noise and realize the spectrum detection and center frequency and bandwidth measurement.

In this paper, a Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) indoor Visible Light Communication (VLC) system based on UCD-BD is proposed by combining the Uniform Channel Decomposition (UCD) and Block Diagonalization (BD) algorithms with a nonlinear Decision Feedback receiver (DFE). The system firstly uses the BD algorithm to eliminate the Co-Channel Interference (CCI) between users, and secondly, the user's equivalent channel matrix is decomposed by UCD. To further improve the performance of Bit Error Rate (BER), different field of view for different optical receivers of the same user terminal are used, and the effects of different field of view on the performance of the BER system are analyzed. Simulation proves that the scheme significantly improves the overall BER of the system.

Laser vibrometer is a non-contact vibration measuring equipment using laser Doppler effect principle. In the calibration work of laser vibrometer in China, the signal acquisition and processing circuit calibration method of heterodyne laser vibrometer is proposed in the national calibration Specification JJF1219-2009. The frequency modulation voltage waveform generated by the frequency modulation signal generator is used as the excitation source of calibration. Compared with the traditional pure analog hardware method of generating FM signals, this paper designs a waveform generator of Doppler FM signals based on PC, FPGA and high-speed DAC hardware systems by studying the digital signal synthesis technology. By setting parameters on the upper computer, Doppler FM analog signals containing vibration parameter modulation information are output. Through testing, the signal reaches the signal bandwidth and frequency accuracy required for calibration, which can be used to evaluate the measurement characteristics of signal acquisition and signal processing circuit of laser Doppler vibrometer.

In the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), oxygen and water are one of the main reactants and products. Through the electrochemical workstation, the effect of the bipolar plate on the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell after magnetization was studied. The results show that the presence of magnetic field improves the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. On this basis, the difference between magnetic field and performance improvement of proton exchange membrane fuel cells at different temperatures is studied, so as to determine the most suitable magnetic field condition. The operating temperature of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. In this experiment, the influence of magnetic field on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells under different measurement ratios of cathodes was also explored, and it was concluded that the change of oxygen flow had a great impact on concentration polarization, and when the cathode measurement ratio was 1.8 to approximately 2.0, the magnetic field played a role in promoting the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

In this paper, an energy detection-based transmission scheme is proposed to consider a massive Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) system with imperfect Channel Status Information (CSI), where a Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) constellation is used at the transmitter and energy detection is used at the receiver. First, the Symbol Error Probability (SEP) of the system is obtained by theoretical derivation, then the PAM constellation is optimized based on the minimum SEP criterion. The conditions that a suboptimal PAM constellation should satisfy are obtained by relaxing the upper bound of the SEP, and a simple iterative algorithm is proposed to complete the constellation design accordingly. The simulation results show that the PAM constellation designed can effectively improve the reliability and reduce the SEP.

Ultra-long-distance range-finding is often affected by scattering noise, resulting in a low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) due to the extremely weak retro-reflected light. Due to the low SNR, it is difficult to determine the corresponding distance from the sensor during the final stage of signal processing. It is challenging to adjust the threshold to achieve both a high detection rate and a low false alarm rate. In this study, we propose an effective detector for locating low SNR targets in ultra-long-distance measurements. The detector is based on the Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) processing framework widely used in radar target detection. We applied this detector for signal processing in the photon counting system for long-range, small dynamic targets, which we reported in our earlier work. In-site experiments were conducted in Dunhuang, Gansu in September 2021. We successfully performed long-range laser ranging for 60km buildings and ultra-long-range laser ranging for 152km mountain. The results showed that the proposed CFAR detector could quickly and efficiently extract target locations that were difficult to detect using a detector based on constant thresholding.

Lidar is a promising active imaging technology that utilizes laser as the signal source to obtain accurate range, azimuth, speed, and other target characteristics, enabling 3D scene perception. Single photon lidar, using high sensitivity single photon detectors and high-frequency photon counting, has greatly improved the detection range of lidar. However, achieving large field of view and high resolution in single-photon 3D imaging remains a challenge. Therefore, we propose a long-distance single photon 3D imaging lidar based on dual wedge scanning, where the dual wedge scanning method is employed to extend the field of view, and the GM-APD array is utilized to improve imaging speed. In this work, we investigate the distribution characteristics of the point cloud in dual wedge scanning and propose a sub-pixel scanning-based 3D reconstruction and image processing method for point cloud. Through our approach, we successfully achieve large field of view, high resolution, and fast 3D imaging. Our method can be applied in a wide range of applications, including investigation, mapping, unmanned driving, and more.

In order to solve the problem of lacking the corresponding magnetic torque resolution model in the design process of permanent magnet type mechanical antenna，this thesis discusses the basic form of antenna array and establishes the magnetic torque model for hetero-axial linear mechanical antenna array, derives the time-varying curve of magnetic torque during rotation, verifies the accuracy of the torque model through simulation, and analyzes the relationship between magnetic torque and permanent magnet spacing and permanent magnet magnetization direction. It is concluded that in order to reduce the torque required to drive the antenna, the inter-magnet torque should be increased, and when selecting the permanent magnets, the permanent magnets with the magnetization direction along the shortest side should be selected for the same volume case. The analytical model provides theoretical support for the design and optimization of the structure of the permanent magnet type mechanical antenna array.

The light-atom interaction is the major research subject in atomic-based optical devices. In this study, we develop a Monte Carlo simulation of light-atom interaction to study the transmission properties of the Anti-Resonant Reflective Optical Waveguides with a thermal-atomic-vapor core. The surface-atom interaction is considered in the simulation by calculating Green’s tensor through a numerical method. And this interaction causes a shift of resonance frequency and modified spontaneous emission rate of the atoms close to the surface. Further, we run some simulations for the different input light power. And these simulation results show a nonlinear relation between input light power and the amplitude of absorption. We also simulate power transmission versus the traveling length of light in the core, where we obtain the longitudinal penetration depth of light. These results and Monte Carlo simulations pave the way to design other optical devices and establish integrated optical circuits.

A high-speed optical communication electrical layer service board is designed to optimize the design of the optical communication electrical layer service board and improve the flexibility and scalability of the transmission rate of the electrical layer service board. The board can support line side single carrier 800Gbit/s transmission rate and customer side 100GE and 400GE service types. On the basis of not changing the size of traditional service board, it can be adapted to various types of optical modules, which improves the flexibility of the board and thus can be applied to different application scenarios. After experimental tests, the board has higher transmission rate and practicality compared with traditional low-speed electrical layer service boards.

Aiming at the problem of vibration damping of low, medium and high frequency noise in the engineering field, an effective phononic crystal structure is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the energy band structure and transmission loss curve of the proposed phononic crystal are calculated using the finite element method, and the first ultra-wide band gap in the frequency range of 122.47-4360.2 Hz is obtained, and the average transmission loss within the band gap reaches 350 dB. Next, the eigenmodes of the phononic crystal are analyzed and the corresponding equivalent spring system is developed. Numerical calculations indicate that the phononic crystal proposed in this paper can perform excellent noise and vibration reduction below 5000 Hz, and it is found that the peripheral silicone rubber connecting plate plays a crucial role in the width of the ultra-wide band gap.

We propose a novel silicon on-line monitor of orthogonal modes/polarization, which consists of a Polarization Rotator (PR) and two location-specified photodiodes. The PR converts two polarization states to TE₀ and TE₁ state, which has different field distributions. Two photodiodes located in the different places on the waveguide are designed to analyze the modes. The experiment reveals that the p-n junctions which are located in the different places on the waveguide show different photo responsivity of both the TE₀ and TE₁ modes, because the responsivity is sensitive to optical power density around the depletion area. The power consumptions of both two modes are analyzed by the two sets of orthogonal photocurrent signals acquired from two location-specified photodiodes. The result matches well with the theory. The mode/polarization detector can also be expanded when more orthogonality states and more photodiodes are induced.

To improve the regional coverage of 3D wireless sensor networks, a three-dimensional wireless sensor network coverage optimization method (MSSA-3D) based on multi-strategy improved sparrow search is proposed. Firstly, a dynamic backward learning strategy is introduced to improve the sparrow search algorithm by redeploying mobile nodes and updating the position of out-of-bounds nodes according to the boundary restriction strategy. Secondly, the location of the nodes is adjusted using the direction guidance factor to balance the global and local search capabilities of the algorithm. Finally, the final deployment location of the mobile nodes is determined according to the center-of-mass perturbation strategy, thus completing the 3D wireless sensor network area coverage optimization. The simulation experimental results show that compared with CS, Hybrid-MOEA and CSPM, the area coverage of MSSA-3D is improved by 1.68%, 7.69% and 9.73% respectively.

The grounding network is an indispensable part of the substation. There are many ways to detect the corrosion of a grounding network. However, no matter what method is used for detection, data collection needs to be processed. In this paper, a convenient and fast data processing algorithm for ground grid corrosion is designed, which can quickly eliminate the interference of DC bias, sine, and other obvious random noise, and has good real-time performance.

Polarization maintenance of quantum communication links is one of the keys to the stable and long-term operation of optical quantum communication. At present, many solutions are based on link process tomography result for polarization compensation. To automate process tomography for automated polarization compensation when the link is changed, this paper presents an automated optical path process tomography method based on genetic algorithm. This method uses sensors to automatically obtain input and output states and depends on genetic algorithm to optimize the post-processing of process tomography. In this way, the method can automatically solve the transmission process in the optical path. Besides, the experimental verification is completed by using a single-mode fiber simulation optical path black-box. The experimental results demonstrate that the fidelity of polarized light can reach an average of 0.9966. This method can automate the process tomography of the optical path Therefore, the method has the potential to improve the efficiency and reliability of polarization compensation in quantum communication.

Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) stand out among the new solar cell technologies because of their adjustable band gap, high absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility and other advantages, and have attracted extensive attention. Electron Transport Layer (ETL) and Hole Transport Layer (HTL) are important components of PSCs, which are used to transport electrons and holes generated by light excitation respectively. This paper introduces the structure and working principle of PSCs, the research progress of ETL and HTL, and discusses the charge transport mechanism of ETL, its role in PSCs and its influence on the stability of PSCs.

In the paper, obstacle was detected by 3D information of laser sensor. Firstly, CS media filter is adapted to cope with noise based on the structure character of formal obstacle. Then, an energy function is used to obtain potential region of obstacle based on the data difference between target and background. In the end, location of obstacle is utilized by projection and region-growing method. At the same time, we can know the height width and distance of vehicle based on the result of location and the 3D information. Experimental results show that this method has high robustness and accuracy.

Two-dimensional materials-based heterostructure has attracted much focus and is constantly being investigated and reported as a promising material in the fields of energy storage and conservation, integrated circuit, and photocatalysis or electrocatalysis. The family of 2D-based materials has been enlarged since the discovery and successful preparation of graphene. And the unique characteristics of those monolayer materials and relevant stacked heterostructures with various doping or stacking measures have intrigued many researchers. Typical, novel 2D materials, including MXenes, Xenes, and TMDCs, with their own characteristics and application fields, are given an introduction in this review. Moreover, the traditional and new assembly methods of 2D-based heterostructure are presented abbreviated. The preferred methods include CVD growth, Van der Waals assembly as well as newly developed inkjet printing. A brief introduction to seamless contact between metals of semiconductor, which is an essential process of a load of semiconductor devices, is given at the end. In summary, heterostructure is a trending material in multiple applications, including photoelectric detection, energy storage, and energy conversion. However, there is still a lack of insight and understanding of the synergetic effect of the heterostructures, and the mass production of the heterostructures remains challenging. Thus, further research should be more focused on both fundamental exploration and advanced fabrication method development. Overall, the paper provides a state-of-art understanding of the typical 2D materials and their heterostructures and elucidates the potential of using them for further optical and electrochemical applications.

Research on renewable energy and energy storage systems has been quite active as a result of the upcoming global challenge in both the energy and environmental domains. As a kind of clean energy with water as the only post-combustion product, hydrogen energy has been proposed as possible next-generation energy after decades of advancements. Despite advanced technologies have been developed for mass production of hydrogen from water splitting, hydrogen storage has always been an issue. Magnesium-based (Mg-based) solid-state hydrogen storage materials are promising due to their high energy storage densities, and research related to this field has skyrocketed in recent years. This paper discusses advanced research regarding the Mg-based solid-state hydrogen storage material and the new energy automobile market demand. The advantages and disadvantages and hydrogen storage performance of different Mg-based materials were compared, and the methods to improve the hydrogen storage density and hydrogen storage performance of the Mg-based hydrogen storage materials were summarized. It was found that Mg-based alloys are the most promising candidate for further industrial scale production, and the more advanced materials such as the Mg(BH)₄ and the MgH₂/graphene composites are the materials that need more research. Finally, applying Mg-based hydrogen fuel cells in new energy vehicles is promising. This paper hopes to provide the researchers with a state-of-the-art understanding of the advanced Mg-based hydrogen storage materials and hopefully help facilitate the hydrogen-related economy in the coming decades.

A single layer of tightly arranged silicon oxide nanospheres was formed on GaAs substrate by gas-liquid interface self-assembly method. The silicon oxide nanospheres were used as the etching barrier layer, and the GaAs nanocolumn array was prepared by dry etching with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) of SiCl4/Ar gas. The results show that the morphology of GaAs nanocolumns can be optimized by controlling the technological conditions in the preparation process, such as reaction gas flow, sample chamber pressure and RF power. The optimal technological parameters are obtained, and the GaAs nanocolumn arrays with smooth and steep sidewalls are prepared.

Semiconductor lasers with good fundamental transverse mode stability have important applications in optical communications, light sources, biomedical and other fields. For Fabry-Perot (FP) lasers, lateral mode control is an important issue. In this paper, the influence of the side double-trench ridge waveguide structure of the semiconductor FP laser on the output mode characteristics is analyzed theoretically. The device is modeled and calculated using matlab software. FP laser with different ridge width and trench width are designed and fabricated using the double-trench ridge waveguide structure. The influence of the leakage loss of the double-trench waveguide structure on the mode output characteristics is analyzed.

A metamaterial-based infrared absorber was proposed for the detection of different concentrations of cephalosporin. The metamaterial structure designed in this paper consists of three layers: metal substrate, intermediate layer and nanocavity array. The simulation results show that the nano-cavity array has a perfect absorption peak in the infrared region in which the absorption coefficient is up to 99.72%. The refractive index of the solution will be affected by different concentrations of cephalosporin, thereby affecting the position of the absorption peak in the infrared absorber of the metamaterial. The influence of structural parameters on detection accuracy is also studied, where the FOM of the sensor reaches 400 when the nanocavity radius is small.

A series of CaLu₂Mg₂Si₃O₁₂:Ce³⁺ (CLMS: Ce³⁺) phosphors with different NaCl contents as fluxes were successfully prepared by high temperature solid phase reactions. Measurements were carried out using x-ray powder diffraction to determine the formation of the physical phases. The CLMS: Ce³⁺ photoluminescence spectrum reveals a trend of increasing and then decreasing luminescence intensity with increasing content of NaCl. The optimum addition amount is 6 wt%. The fluorescence decay lifetime also decreases with the addition of NaCl. The LED device, which 6 wt% NaCl added, is compared with the device without NaCl, and NaCl shifts the CIE coordinate to the red light region. The study shows that CLMS: Ce³⁺ phosphors with NaCl addition can achieve warm WLEDs in blue chips.

Amorphous alloy has become a potential transformer material because of its lower core loss than silicon steel at high frequency. However, the low saturation magnetization of amorphous alloys limits its application. A series of amorphous alloys Fe80Si(18-2x)PxBxCu2 (2≤x≤7) with potential high saturation magnetization are analyzed by the first principle calculation . It is found that the inhibitory effect on the magnetic moments of systems dominates when the P and B occupancy ratios are small, whereas the promoting effect on the magnetic moments of systems dominates as the P and B content increases. Meanwhile the relationship between atomic structure and magnetic properties was analyzed in detail, providing a guideline for the composition adjustment of Fe-based amorphous alloys containing P and B.

A series of Gd_2-XO₂S: Tb_X (X=0.01~0.11) phosphors were prepared by molten salt method at 950 ℃ using the low melting point characteristic of Na₂S₂O₃ (48 ℃), and the effect of Tb³⁺ doping concentration on the luminescent properties of phosphors was studied. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser particle size analyzer, photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL). The results showed that Gd₂O₂S phosphor with good dispersion and crystallinity was prepared. The PL spectrum shows that the optimum doping concentration of Tb³⁺ is 0.07. When the concentration reaches 0.09, the integral ratio of blue/green light intensity of phosphor decreases to a fixed value; The CL spectrum shows that the optimum doping concentration is 0.08. When the concentration reaches 0.06, the integral ratio of blue/green light intensity of the phosphor decreases to a fixed value; The normalized spectral analysis shows that the continuous increase of Tb³⁺ doping under different excitation sources will reduce the ⁵D₃-⁷F_J (J=6,5,4) transition of the material.

SnO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising electron transport materials for quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), but usually encountering poor solution stability against the compatibility of the device fabrication process. In this work, we have successfully synthesized uniformly sized and distributed SnO₂(o-SnO₂) NPs by employing tin 2-ethyl hexanoate (an organotin compound) precursor with the sol-gel method. The obtained o-SnO₂ NPs have superior stability over the conventional SnO₂ (c-SnO₂) NPs synthesized by a hydrothermal method. In detail, the o-SnO₂ NPs can be stably dispersed in ethanol without further addition of dispersant and remain transparent even stored in air for several weeks. Furthermore, the o-SnO₂ NPs have been adopted to achieve high-quality electron transport layers (ETLs) with smooth and dense films, which showed a roughness of 1.9 nm, much smaller than 6.53 nm of the c-SnO₂ films, showing a competitive candidate for efficient ETLs toward high-performance QLEDs.

We developed a simple and sensitive spectrophotometry method for o-phenylenediamine (OPD) detection. This work, for the first time, introduced Fe-o-phenanthroline into the OPD detection and improved the sensitivity of the assay method. In the presence of OPD, Fe³⁺ reacted with OPD and obtained the products of OPD oxide and Fe²⁺. The resultant Fe²⁺ then reacted with o-phenanthroline and produced the Fe²⁺-o-phenanthroline complex. In the above two reactions, the products of OPD oxide and Fe²⁺-o-phenanthroline complex had two UV absorption peaks at 480 nm and 510 nm, respectively. By superimposing the two absorption peak heights as an amplification strategy, the detection sensitivity of OPD was greatly improved. The developed method performed a wide linear range of 2.22 × 10^-5 mol/L to 22.2 × 10^-5 mol/L, good selectivity and satisfactory recovery in tap water for OPD assay. The results indicated that this method could meet the selectivity requirements for environmental application and also was sensitive enough to detect OPD in the environmental samples.

In this work, we propose a reflection color filter based on plasmonic nanoarray of double Fabry-Perot (F-P) nanocavities with high degree of freedom of color manipulation and high efficiency of reflection. The double F-P nanocavity based plasmonic nanoarray structure is formed by metallic films on the top and bottom of a square dielectric nano-pillar and a metallic film on a glass substrate separated with a dielectric spacer layer. The reflections of different colors can be designed and manipulated effectively by adjusting both the cavity lengths and the duty cycle of the nano-pillars. It is found that the manipulation capability of the reflected color can be significantly enhanced by the coupling of two nanocavities and the duty cycle of the nano-pillars. The proposed color filter can be of potential applications in imaging, display and optical data storage.

Molybdenum ditelluride (2H-MoTe₂) has attracted extension research interest for its unconventional features and devices application potentials. Field effect transistors (FETs) based on 2H -MoTe₂ usually exhibit ambipolar electric properties, however, integrating both n-type and p-type FETs is of great significance for the device applications. Here, we found that the electric properties of the MoTe₂ FETs could be reversible tuned with gas molecules adsorption and magnesium (Mg) doping. After the gas molecules adsorption, the MoTe₂ FET is p-type doped and shows hole dominant conduction performance. In the vacuum, the p-type performance of the MoTe₂ FET is effectively weakened after the gas molecules desorption. The similar phenomenon happens at the magnesium (Mg) evaporated on the MoTe₂ FETs. After the Mg atoms surface covering, the MoTe₂ FET is n-type doped and shows electron dominant conduction performance. In the air, the p-type performance of MoTe₂ FET is recovered after the Mg oxidation. These results display an effectively method for reversible controlling the MoTe₂ FETs.

On account of favorable photoelectric properties, Metal Halide Perovskites (MHPs) will provide significant advantages in the next generation of optoelectronic devices, particularly in new displays. Red and green Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes (PELEDs) devices have recently made significant advancements and essentially satisfied the requirements of the display. In comparison to red and green, blue PELEDs still have relatively low brightness and efficiency. The main reasons are the phase separation phenomenon of chlorobromide mixed halogen perovskites at high voltage, which cause spectral instability, and the poor matching between the blue PELEDs hole transport layer material and the emission layer material. In this work, we selected the all-inorganic CsPbBr₃ as the precursor solution, reduced its dimension through ligand engineering to change the color to sky blue, and then modified PEDOT: PSS to achieve a highly efficient pure bromo-based sky blue PELEDs. Finally, a high brightness of 2322cd/m² was achieved at 488 nm.

Perovskite light-emitting materials possess advantages of high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and charge carrier mobility, large carrier diffusion length, narrow emission spectrum, easily tunable bandgap, and low preparation costs, leading to the great research enthusiasm in the last decade. However, the research progress of blue perovskite light-emitting diode (LED) is slow, because the synthesis of blue perovskite material is difficult and it is unstable in the air. In this work, blue and green perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) can be obtained by adjusting the growth temperature and ultrasonic time. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements suggest that the luminescence wavelength of PQDs decreases significantly from 528nm to 468nm with increasing the ultrasound time from 4 to 30 min and decreasing the temperature from 2 to -10℃. The reduction of grain size investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is responsible for the blue-shift of luminous peaks. The perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) based on the as-prepared green and blue PQDs have been fabricated. The best performing PeLEDs devices for green and blue light emission showed the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.179% and 0.45%, respectively. This work provides an effective method for the preparation of blue-green PQDs and PeLEDs.

V-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts inevitably oxidize SO₂ to SO₃ during the DeNOx process. WO₃ and MoO₃ are common additives that may influence SO₂ oxidation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to analyze the mechanism of SO₂ oxidation on the surface of three catalysts, i.e., V₂O₅/TiO₂, V₂O_5-WO₃/TiO₂ and V₂O_5-MoO₃/TiO₂. The simulation results showed that the V=O site was responsible for the oxidation of SO₂. SO₂ first reacted with the terminal O1 and bridge O2 atoms on the catalyst surface, then the V site was sulfated to form the −V(SO₄)− structure, which was the rate determining step for the entire process of SO₂ oxidation. Finally, the terminal O1 was captured by SO₂ to form SO₃. The doping of WO₃ (MoO₃) reduced the SO₂ adsorption and increased the activation energy barrier for the reaction of SO₂ to −V(SO₄)− on the catalyst surface, thus improving the sulfur resistance of the catalyst.

Graphene is the thinnest, strongest, toughest, two-dimensional nanomaterial with the best heat transfer and electrical conductivity discovered so far. The application of graphene to metal-based solid self-lubricating composites has become a hot research direction recently. This paper reviews the application of graphene in metal-based solid self-lubricating composite substrates and coatings, summarizes the strengthening and wear-reducing mechanisms of graphene, clarifies the problems encountered now, and looks forward to the development direction in the field of metal-based solid self-lubricating composites.

In order to establish the planar dynamic symmetry of SC unit cell and the macroscopic structure, periodic boundary constraints equations were constructed in ABAQUS for the SC unit cell and the topology optimization design was conducted under periodic boundary conditions with the ESO algorithm. The equivalent elasticity modulus of the optimized SC unit cell was solved, and it was found that the equivalent elasticity modulus of the optimized SC unit cell was evidently better than that of the traditional SC unit cell. The optimized SC unit cell was then extended from the unit cell level to the macrostructure, and the quasi-static flat compression resistivity of three kinds of SC lattice structures were studied. It was concluded that the optimized SC lattice structure removed from the initial material of the unit cell had a better resistant force and energy absorption value than the traditional SC lattice structure under the flat compression condition.

Wheat straw was treated by thermal plasma technology to prepare biochar. In this study, the effects of different preparation methods (thermal plasma and traditional pyrolysis) and plasma treatment time (3, 4, 5 and 10min) on the characterization of biochar and its adsorption of formaldehyde were studied. Results showed that for plasma treatment method, the treatment time played a leading role in the physicochemical and surface properties of biochar. When the plasma treatment time was 5 min and 10 min, biochar had a relatively high number of functional groups. The specific surface area of biochar treated by plasma for 4 min was increased to 256.17 m²/g. As well as, compared with the traditional pyrolysis method, the biochar prepared by thermal plasma got significantly improved adsorption capacity for formaldehyde, in which the concentration of formaldehyde decreased from 1.654 mg/L to 0.854 mg/L, 0.592 mg/L, 0.555 mg/L and 0.534 mg/L for biochar prepared by thermal plasma with 3 min, 4 min, 5 min and 10 min respectively. This study suggested that compared with pyrolysis method, the plasma treatment was an efficiency method to produce biochar from wheat straw in short time and the plasma treated biochar got high potential as the adsorbent to remove formaldehyde.

Micron-silicon possess dense morphology and high tap density, which can improve volume and area capacity while maintaining a large specific capacity. In addition, the cost of micron silicon is low, and compared to nano silicon, it has more potential for large-scale industrialization. However, micron-silicon will suffer huge volume expansion during the charge-discharge process, which causes the active material to fall off from the fluid collector, resulting in rapid capacity degradation; In addition, the edges and corners of micro-silicon are easy to crack the surface solid-electrolyte interface (SEI), resulting in the repeated generation of SEI, which further restricts the cyclic stability of the electrode. In this work, we added a lithium source to in-situ convert the silicon oxide on the surface of micron-silicon into lithium orthosilicate (Li₄SiO₄) protective layer. The lithium orthosilicate coating can not only effectively alleviate the volume expansion of the silicon anode during the charging and discharging process, but also effectively avoid the direct contact between the micron silicon and the electrolyte as a protective layer, which can reducing the surface side reaction of the electrode. The prepared electrode displays a high reversible specific capacity of 1075.3 mAh g^-1 after 100 cycles at 0.3C.

To solve the problems of slow strength formation, poor water stability, and durability of solvent-based cold curing material, the water-cured polyurethane material was selected to prepare cold curing material, and its road performance was studied through laboratory tests, and compared with Japanese reactive cold patch mixture and solvent-based cold patch mixture. The results show that the forming strength, dynamic stability, residual stability ratio, and splitting strength ratio of the cold patch mixture prepared by water-cured polyurethane are better than that of the cold patch mixture prepared by water-cured polyurethane-modified asphalt. The maximum damage strain of cold complement prepared with water-cured polyurethane-modified asphalt is better than that of cold patch mixture prepared with water-cured polyurethane. AC-type water-solidified cold patch mixture has excellent road performance and is suitable for rapid repair of sections. It is suggested that AC gradation should be used for a water-cured cold patch mixture. The research results provide technical support for the popularization and application of a water-solidified cold patch mixture.

Amorphous indium tin oxide (ITO) films were prepared on sapphire, spinel and aluminosilicate glass, and the effects of sputtering process and annealing process on the sheet resistance, transmittance and film stress of the film were studied. The results show that when the Ar/O₂ ratio of the ITO film is 30/0.8-30/2.2, as the oxygen partial pressure increases, the sheet resistance of the ITO film decreases firstly and then increases. The electrical properties of the ITO films obtained by the same sputtering process on different substrates are basically the same. The transmittance at 550nm of the annealed sample is higher than that before annealing, but the transmittance of the annealed sapphire sample is higher than that of spinel. This is because the difference in transmittance of the substrate. The film produced compressive stress under sputtering process, and the compressive stress decreased with the increase of annealing temperature. Tensile stress increases with increasing annealing temperature. Considering the influence of annealing temperature on the optical and electrical properties of the film, 400°C was finally determined as the optimal crystallization temperature.

A low-speed impact positioning technique for composite laminates based on wavelet packet analysis theory is suggested to meet the structural health monitoring demands of aerospace carbon fiber composites. The impact response signal is obtained using this way via the fsFBG sensor. The wavelet packet energy spectrum is extracted using wavelet packet analysis to create the impact point eigenvector and impact position information matrix. The maximal inner product is used to determine the composite laminates' low-speed impact location. In this research, fsFBG sensors are mounted on the surface of carbon fiber composite laminates, impact points in the center region are divided, low-speed impact tests are performed on each impact point, and an algorithm is used to forecast the position of the impact point is developed. The results of the tests reveal that this technology can precisely determine the low-speed impact location of carbon fiber composite laminates.

ZnMgO/ZnO/ZnMgO heterojunctions as well as ZnMgO/ZnO/ZnMgO heterojunctions with low-temperature ZnO buffer layers were prepared on (100) Si substrates by magnetron sputtering. The crystal structures of the heterojunction films grown under the optimized process parameters were good, and the near-band edge emission peaks of the ZnMgO layer were observed in the ZnMgO/ZnO/ZnMgO heterojunction by PL test.

SiC materials are widely used in high-frequency, high-voltage and high-temperature scenarios in modern society, especially in power electronics applications, due to their excellent characteristics such as high thermal conductivity, high breakdown electric field, wide band gap and high electron saturation rate. It’s excellent material properties. But SiC MOSFET(Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) still has some defects that affect its performance: For example, the gate oxide layer is prone to breakdown, bipolar degradation effect is prone to occur, and device power consumption has to be optimized. This article discusses the structure optimization route of MOSFET based on 4h-SiC material, including adding P-shielding layer, double gate trench, P well double epitaxy, heterojunction, compound gate, semi-super junction and other structures in the new structure design of SiC MOSFET to optimize its characteristics.

A novel phase change microcapsule with paraffin wax as the core material and nano-TiO₂ modified polysulfone resin(PSF)as the shell material was developed based on the solvent volatilization method. The composite microcapsules were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) to test the comprehensive performance of the composite microcapsules. The results showed that the overall performance of the microcapsules was the best when the nano-TiO₂ was added at 3%, with the average particle size of 103.83 μm reaching the minimum, the melting enthalpy of 104.50 J/g, the crystallization enthalpy of 104.00 J/g, and the encapsulation efficiency of 68.54%; The chemical structure of the composite phase change microcapsules was not affected after adding a certain amount of nano-TiO₂, and the surface of the microcapsules was smoother, which increased the continuity of the microcapsules. The thermal stability and thermal properties of microcapsules were also significantly improved.

Aiming at the thermal management problem of the gain generator in the chemical laser, a phase-change cooling system for the gain generator has been designed on the premise of keeping the original water-cooling channel unchanged. The phase-change microcapsule suspension with a phase-change temperature 43 ℃ is selected as the cooling medium. The system eliminates the bulky water tank and water pump in the water-cooling system, achieving miniaturization and lightweight of the cooling system for the gain generator of the chemical laser. By comparing the cooling effect of the phase-change microcapsule suspension with that of water-cooling through experimental research, using the stable combustion chamber pressure as the standard for judging the cooling effectiveness, the effect of micro-encapsulated phase-change materials suspension on the cooling of the gain generator in the chemical laser has been investigated. The experimental results have shown that the gain generator cooling system using the phase-change microcapsule suspension with a phase-change temperature of 43 ℃ can effectively cool the kilowatt-level chemical laser.

Amorphous gallium oxide (a-Ga₂O₃) is widely used in solar blind ultraviolet detection because of its suitable band gap, simple preparation process and excellent photoelectric properties. This article prepared high-quality a-Ga₂O₃ films on sapphire substrates by magnetron sputtering and evaporated Ti electrodes on the surface of the films to complete the preparation of the photodetector. Explored the optical properties of a-Ga₂O₃ thin films and the photoelectric performance of detectors. The detector exhibits excellent light response characteristics and high photocurrent. This experiment provides an effective reference value for the preparation of a-Ga₂O₃ thin films and the detection of their detectors in the solar blind band.

The effect of heat treatment temperature on crystallization behavior of Na₂O-Y₂O₃-SiO₂ silicate glass system was studied by melting and crystallization method, and a kind of glass-ceramics containing Na₃YSi₂O₇ crystal phase was obtained. The structure and morphology of the glass-ceramics were studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and transmittance. The results show that the average size of 280nm microcrystals can be obtained by holding the precursor glass at 610 °C for 2 h. With the increase of heat treatment temperature from 610 °C to 640 °C, the permeability of glass-ceramics began to decline, and the glass gradually changed into glass-ceramics, and finally emulsified into ceramics. The results show that Na₂O-Y₂O₃-SiO₂ silicate glass system is sensitive to temperature, and its microstructure changes obviously in a short time. Therefore, the glass containing Na₃YSi₂O₇ crystal phase is expected to become a new material with high performance, low price and wide application market because of its excellent performance, simple preparation technology and low manufacturing cost.

Low-energy radiation is primarily involved in the spent fuel treatment process in a specific nuclear facility, but if it is not shielded, it will still have an impact on worker health. In light of this unique low-energy environment, the Monte Carlo simulation software geant4 is used to simulate and calculate the effect of doping many rare earth elements into glove rubber materials on the shielding effect of low-energy gamma radiation. The results show that some rare earth elements have a good gamma radiation shielding effect, and their chemical toxicity is lower than that of the traditional shielding material lead. This paper demonstrates that selecting rare earth materials for glove box gloves in a suitable energy range is reasonable, and that incorporating suitable rare earth elements into glove materials can improve the energy attenuation rate of composite protective materials. Experiments are used to create the material that can be used to make glove box gloves. The radiation shielding experiment shows that this material's shielding rate to 59.5keV energy can reach 33%~41%, and its other physical properties are good. Based on this finding, we believe that this material can be used to replace lead-containing gloves in some situations and can be used to design related shielding and protective equipment.

Energy saving and environmental protection have been the global industrial development trend, for solid state lighting and display, it is necessary to explore novel materials for light conversion. In recent years, rare earth doped glass-ceramics exhibit remarkable luminescent properties. Dy³⁺ was selected as the doping ion and glass-ceramics were prepared. XRD results showed that Ba₂NaNb₅O₁₅ crystal phase was precipitated in the glass-ceramic obtained by holding at 710°C for 150 min. The transmittance of the sample prepared under this condition was about 66% in the visible light region. Using 388 nm as the excitation wavelength, samples containing Dy³⁺ exhibit characteristic emission peaks at 483 nm and 574 nm. The sample with 0.6%Dy³⁺ content has the best emission intensity, and the concentration quenching dominated by dipole-dipole interaction occurs after the doping concentration exceeds 0.6%. The chromaticity coordinates of 0.6%Dy³⁺ doped glass-ceramic were (0.2758, 0.3278), belonging to white light emission. The results show that this kind of glass-ceramic was a potential white light conversion material.

High In content InGaAs films have important applications in the field of 2.1-2.4μm Infrared photodetector. In this paper, it has been obtained by Metal-Organic Chemical-Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) technique on 2-inch InP (100) substrates. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and HR-XRD spectrum have been employed to study the structural characteristics of InAlAs composite buffer layers and InGaAs epilayers. We found the 2.04μm PL peak in the sample, which is the result of photoluminescence of the high in content (≥65%) InGaAs film, we can reasonably suspect that the stress derived from the lattice mismatch has been effectively released by growing InAlAs composite buffer layers. The Reciprocal Space Method (RSM) is used for measuring the relaxation of InAlAs composite buffer layers. The results indicate that the InAlAs composite buffer structure with 3% step size can more effectively release the stress caused by lattice mismatch.

The load-bearing capacity of the stiffener runout structure is significantly reduced by interface debonding due to load eccentricity and stiffness discontinuity. This study investigates that failure behavior of the stiffener runout with crack stop bolts under tension load considering the influence of debonding at the skin/stiffener interface. Finite element models of pre-disbonding between stiffener and skin interface of stiffener runout with bolts were established using the ABAQUS platform. The bolt reinforcement area was modeled using the Global Bolted Joint Model (GBJM). The effect of the prefabricated debonding area on the damage initiation and structural load carrying capacity was analyzed, and the bolt transfer loads of the structure with different prefabricated debonding areas were compared. The results demonstrate that the damage initiation load increases with the expansion of the interface debonding area, and the damage load of the structure is almost independent of the interface debonding area. Additionally, the larger the intact area of the stiffener-skin bonding interface, the smaller the total load transferred through the crack stop bolt.

A series of Mn containing layered double hydroxides (Mn/Mg/Al-LDH) were prepared by co-precipitation method, and their catalytic behavior on the removal of toluene via Mn/Mg/Al-LDH based low-temperature plasma synergistic catalysis was investigated. XRD and FT-IR were used to characterize the structure of the Mn/Mg/Al-LDH. The results showed that Mn/Mg/Al-LDH had a typical LDH layered structure. The catalytic behavior on removal of toluene reached higher than 90% under a specific SIE value. Catalyst characterization showed that active ingredients of MnO_x were formed on the surface of the catalyst and the catalyst had higher oxidation activity on removal of toluene, and the activity weakened after high temperature calcination.

Cyclic Olefin Copolymers (COC) are a novel type of macromolecular material that is characterized by the copolymerization of cyclic olefin and olefin monomers. This paper provides a review of the production process, properties, and applications of cycloolefin copolymers. As research on COC deepens, researchers are also exploring its potential for functional modification and use in composite materials. By altering the structure of COC and incorporating various functional groups and impurities, it is possible to regulate its properties and expand its application fields. In essence, COC is a promising new type of polymer material with vast potential for applications. As synthetic methods and application fields continue to develop, the structure and performance of COC will become more refined and optimized, leading to further expansion of its use.

The near-infrared InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode (APD) is a key device in the field of communication, lidar, resource exploration, etc, but it often suffers from the low absorption coefficient around 1550 nm. Thermal carriers excited by surface plasmons (SPs) have extensive development prospects in photoelectric detection and application because of its unique optical properties. Using the properties of SPs to enhance light absorption, it is applicable to improve the performance of traditional InGaAs/InP APD in the form of metallic two-dimension hole arrays on the detector. In this paper, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was used to simulate the SP enhancement effects on APD. The control variable method was used to study the influence of the parameter of metallic two-dimension hole arrays on transmission and light field distribution. The results indicate the high localization of the SPs and enhanced absorption at 1550 nm, supporting the development of photodetectors towards high sensitivity and high responsivity even using traditional devices.