The paper presents characteristics of the Rzeszow Research Center achievements in the sensor technique field in the area of realized research as well application works. They have been carried out in the framework of own investigations as well as in co-operation with many foreign industrial centers.

This paper examines the contribution of MEMS/MOEMS technology in the specific context of optical fiber sensing technology. A number of demonstrator sensors will be discussed, with special emphasis to sensors with micromachined integrated optic structures, nano-scale SNOM sensors, and fiber-to-waveguide coupling systems.

Research, development and fabrication of advanced optoelectronic devices in the spin-off company operating on the open market are discussed. Technological solutions, which secure company competitive position on the world market, are presented.

The problem of application of offered composition material in humidity capacity type sensors and in sensors based on RC structures is considered.

The paper presents a theoretical analysis and investigation on temperature and strain sensitivity of Fiber Bragg gratings verified in a laboratory setup. On these ground studies, researches of Fiber Bragg Grating Dislocation Sensor were conducted. Differences between real and measured strain at a constant temperature are depicted.

In the paper the hybrid optical fibre pH sensor based on absorption and refraction is presented. As an optical transducer pH-sensitive metyl orange dye was exploited. Additionally, variations of the refractive index of the porous silica film with the pH of solution were also utilized. The film, in which the dye was encapsulated, was prepared by means of the sol-gel method and deposited onto the fibre core. It was found that the sensitivity for acidic (2÷6) and basic (7÷10) ranges were 1,0 dB/pH and 3,5 dB/pH, respectively.

Methods of operating point stabilization of interferometric sensors using tunable lasers are presented. These methods employ circuits which control the wavelength of an external cavity tunable semiconductor laser. Modes of operation of the control circuits and problems related to their design are discussed. The limitations restricting the use of discussed control circuit types are analyzed. An interferometric force sensor was built and tested. Results of measurements carried out using the sensor are presented.

The influence of splicing inaccuracy of fiber segments of polarimetric sensors on visibility of polarization modes interfering at the sensor output was investigated. Two types of sensors were analyzed using Jones matrix formalism: one with single and one with double temperature compensation.

This paper presents the working principles of intelligent fiber-optic intensity sensor used for solution concentration examination. The sensor head is the ending of the large core polymer optical fiber. The head works on the reflection intensity basis. The reflected signal level depends on Fresnel reflection and reflection on suspended matter when the head is submersed in solution. The sensor head is mounted on a lift. For detection purposes the signal includes head submerging, submersion, emerging and emergence is measured. This way the viscosity turbidity and refraction coefficient has an effect on measured signal. The signal forthcoming from head is processed electrically in opto-electronic interface. Then it is feed to neural network. The novelty of presented sensor is implementation of neural network that works in generalization mode. The sensor resolution depends on opto-electronic signal conversion precision and neural network learning accuracy. Therefore, the number and quality of points used for learning process is very important. The example sensor application for examination of liquid soap concentration in water is presented in the paper.

The paper presents investigation results on the application of sol-gel technology for the production of planar waveguides. These waveguides are produced in a two-component system SiO₂:TiO₂. We discussed application potentials of the produced layers and presented the results of theoretical analysis involving future structures.

This work presents a system for magnetic field intensity measurements. The idea of measurements is based on an influence of external magnetic field on the polarization state of singlemode light propagating along optical fibers. In the paper some experimental results of testing investigations of the system for measurements magnetic field of high intensity are presented. The final aim of the investigation outlined below is to work out magnetic field intensity sensors which, together with optical fiber temperature sensors and electric field intensity sensors, will make possible, in the future, to monitor fully operation of electromagnetic power units such as, for example, high voltage power transformers.

The design and properties of optical fiber medical pyrometer is reported. The device is based on the middle wavelength infrared photodetector.

A novel type of a miniature transducer with back-side contacts for potentiometric sensors is described in this paper. A back-side contact type transducer is especially suitable for the design of flow chemical sensors. The sensor structure is compatible with a flow-head used for multiparameter measurements. Unmodified transducers can be used as chloride sensors. Moreover if the chip is covered with ion-selective membrane it is possible to construct a sensor for given ion. Measurement properties of the designed transducers were determined in the experiments with chloride ions as well as interfering ions. Two types of the sensors were constructed: for flow or batch measurements. A reference electrode was integrated with the sensor in the latter version.

Novel back-side contacts structures of ISFETs (ion-selective field effect transistors) are described in this paper. Back-side contact type transducers are especially suitable for the design of chemical sensors for multiparameter flow analysis. The sensor structure requires a specialized flow-head, allowing the measurement of the signals of 10 ISFETs. Unmodified transducers with Si₃N₄ gate are H⁺-sensitive and can be used as solid-state pH sensors. Moreover, if the ISFET is covered with an ion-selective membrane it is possible to construct a sensor for the determination of a chosen ion. Measurement properties of the designed transducers and nitrate-sensitive CHEMFET’s were determined in the flow-cell set-up. Constructed microsensors can be applied in water quality monitoring, providing in-situ water analysis without sample preparation.

The effect of alcohol additives on silicon anisotropic etching process in KOH solutions has been analysed. It has been stated that the additives modify the anisotropy of the etching process, which results in reduction of etch rates of some crystal planes with specific configuration of surfacial bonds. After considering the bonds configuration on these planes and alcohol molecules dimensions it has been stated that the effective blocking of these planes is directly related to their spatial structure and the structure of alcohol molecule. Obtained results should enable deliberate selection of the additives to etching solutions and the choice of solutions compositions, assuring possible small undercut of convex corners.

Ferroelectric single crystals of triglicine sulphate (TGS) doped with lysine (TGSL10) were grown from a water solution, below Curie point, with use of static method, by evaporation of the solvent. Morphology changes were observed in new grown single crystals, in comparison to pure TGS. Parameters of the crystal lattice were determined with use of powder X-ray diffraction method and compared with parameters of pure TGS. Temperature characteristics of spontaneous polarization Ps and coercive field Ec were measured as well as observations of domain structure of new material.

The technology of covering of IR sources with high emissivity materials was worked out. Platinum black was electrodeposited from H₂PtCl₆ solution on platinum foil. The current densities from 0.1 to 5 mA/mm² and the deposition time from 1 to 15 minutes were employed. The microstructures of platinum black were examined using scanning electron microscopy. For the current densities below 1 mA/mm² the island structures were received. For the current densities from 1 to 2 mA/mm² first the island structure arises, next it changes to the sponge structure. For the current densities above 2 mA/mm² only the sponge structures were observed. For the island structures multiple increases of emissivity coefficient were discovered. Instead, for the sponge structures the increase of emissivity coefficient was much lesser. The value of emissivity coefficient for examined covers was about 0.8 at temperature 1000°C. For the obtained IR sources stable work without changing the parameters is possible for the temperature up to 800°C.

A new microwave enhanced anisotropic wet method of etching of silicon (External Etching Microwave Silicon - E2Msi), has been presented. In the method an etchant is irradiated by microwave and then flows to an external reaction chamber where etching is performed. The reaction chamber is situated outside of area of microwave irradiation. The main characteristics of E2Msi etching has been presented. It has been shown that the new process utilizes a memory effect of high chemical reactivity observed in water and water-based solution irradiated by microwave.

In this paper we present the research results of influence of substrate potential in ion-selective field-effect transistors (ISFET) on output signal of chemical sensors, e.g. PH-meters. It is shown that the instability of substrate-source p-n junction bias in well-known chemical sensors, which use grounded reference electrode - ISFET gate, affect on sensor characteristics in negative way. The analytical description and research results of 'substrate effect' on ISFET characteristics are considered.

The results of calculation of temperature distribution in the structure of film sensor of heat flux and temperature are given in the paper. It is shown that heat physical and structure parameters of sensor effect on the gradient of sensor temperature field are what must be take into account at sensor design.

New electrooptical effect which is realized in nematic liquid crystal with high-density of defects is proposed. The electrooptical characteristics of electrooptical effect in high-defect nematic material is studied. The light modulator based on considered effect is elaborated and studied.

LTCC package of silicon membrane katharometer was made and investigated. The package protects the katharometer against mechanical damage and makes possible an easy connection of electrical signals. Moreover, the heater and temperature sensors allow for obtaining the proper temperature of the element. The basic electrical parameters of the integrated heater and thermistors as well as measured temperature distribution are presented.

Within the presented research work magnetization and demagnetization of Cd_1-xFe_xTe compounds have been observed. Tests on anisotropy have been performed for samples of various compositions and shapes. The obtained results indicate that the tested materials are of spin glass properties.

Thermal conductivity detector (TCD, katarometer) silicon chip was designed with the BSC type (Back Side Contact) electrical contacts, covered by the Cr/Au layer. Detector consists of the two elements - glass plate and silicon chip. There are two flow channels formed at the glass-silicon interface - one for detection and the other for reference. Two highly symmetrical groups of resistors were aligned with the channels and, in the last stage of the fabrication sequence, released from the silicon substrate. Some of these resistors act as the heaters, the other ones as the detectors (thermoresistors) to detect changes of the flowing gas temperature. Tubing - gas inlets and outlets - was positioned at the detector edge, in the Si-glass interface plane. BSC-type electrical contacts application enabled very convenient bonding pads location. The Contacts formation process was optimized and integrated with the other technological steps.

In the paper the amperometric properties of polymer humidity sensor based on polythyleneimine are presented. Usually properties of this sensor are examined by means of impedance spectroscopy. The new approach is proposed. It is shown that the current flow in the investigated sensor is a result of the electrode reaction at the anode. The quasi-static diffusion current is a linear function (in the log-lin scale) of relative humidity, so this sensor can be used as an amperometric. An equivalent circuit, containing the elements representing diffusion effect, has been proposed. The shape of impedance plots show diffusion related process.

The results of impedance measurements of thin film polymer humidity sensors are presented in this paper. The sensors were made of chemically modified polyethyleneimine, spread on alumina substrate with comb type gold electrodes. Electrical properties of the sensors are strongly dependent on relative humidity (RH). The influence of the selected cross-linking agents on the properties, measuring range, and technology of preparation of the sensors is discussed.

This paper presents the results of researches on new pyroelectric material: Triglycine sulphate (TGS) doped with tellurium. The temperature dependencies of complex dielectric permeability, spontaneous polarization, coercive electric field and the pyroelectric coefficient have been presented. Computer measurement sets for determining these temperature characteristics are presented as well.

The potential of Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) multilayer technology allows to realize different structures for sensor applications. Examples of sensors realized at the Department of Hybrid Microelectronics Technical University in Kosice have shown the quality of being potential or the possibility of developing of LTCC for wide field of thick film sensor applications and for bent multi-layer LTCC modules and their application in thick film pressure sensors. LTCC is a technology suitable for design flexibility comparing with conventional thick film, thin film and high-temperature cofired technologies in electronics. Authors of this paper introduced the concept of using the bent multi-layer LTCC modules in unconventionally shaped electronic devices or in the field of sensors.

In this paper a method of urease immobilization on the surface of the Siloprene membrane of the ammonium ion sensitive ChemFET is presented. The usability of the sensor for determination of urea in solutions at pH typical for biological fluids (pH 6 to pH 7.5) has been investigated. Due to the fact that the sensor exhibits high sensitivity to samples of low buffer capacity, the method of preliminary sample treatment, consisting in addition of buffers at adequate buffer capacity was developed. The sensors were tested in dialysate and blood plasma.

A labeled DNA sequence may be reconstructed by hybridization with a given number of complementary oligonucleotides included in a library. Such a library acts as an optical sensor, in which integrated elements emit signals make fluorescent microimages. Specificity of changes in optical density caused by specific interactions between pairs of DNA bases depends on the known nearest neighbor model that has been assumed here as the background. In the paper, problems concerned with optical detection and interpretation of changes in optical response, which can be induced by changes in a given DNA sequence composition, are presented. Reliability of the fluorescence image analysis in investigating the DNA chains is discussed. To know the standard set of microimages specifying the correct sequence composition, comparative studies of abnormal composition can be made by analysis of changes in light intensity occurring in particular sites of the library.

The formulas describing the shapes of current and voltage pulses - generated by optical radiation with small time width - in the output circuit of photocell are given. The mean value of voltage pulses generated across load resistance is calculated. The obtained results may be used to measuring such quantities related to optical radiation as irradiation and radiation power.

What the paper deals with is the method of testing of the attitude reference systems with the coning excitation/motion applied. A theoretical description of the excitation at issue has been given and followed with a comparative analysis of the excitation generated in the UPG-48 station with a tilting platform. Experimental data of testing of the attitude and heading reference system AHRS LCR-92 system for the non-holonomical excitation/motion have been compared with results effected by some simulation-based tests of numerical models of the attitude and heading reference systems with the optoelectronic sensors. On the grounds of some numerical-simulation-effected findings gained with the AutoCAD packet, a concept of a coning-excitation-generating measuring station has been developed at the Air Force Institute of Technology and presented in this paper.

The karman vortex street phenomenon is applied in the vortex flowmeter. Application of various methods of investigations is necessary in the course of getting increased knowledge of the phenomenon. Flow visualization being the leading method of aero- and hydrodynamic phenomena investigations enables qualitative evaluation in micro-scale. Due to the image processing application in analysis of flow visualization pictures, calculation of geometrical parameters of the Karman vortex street is feasible. So, the quantitative information is obtained. The worked out methodology of investigations as well as designed software for analysis of vortex street pictures are described in the paper. The results of the carried out laboratory tests are reported. Flow visualization has been carried out on the especially designed laboratory tests are reported. Flow visualization has been carried out on the especially designed laboratory stand. The visualized flow has been recorded on the magnetic tape and then processed into set of consecutive frames. Four groups of frames of similar vortex development phases have been put on the image processing procedure. Distances between adjoining vortices have been calculated. On the basis of obtained results it can be stated, that in spite of probabilistic nature of the investigated phenomenon strengthened by the applied research method (flow visualization), the proposed method enables quantitative determination of Karman vortex street parameters.

A measuring system composed of optoelectronic and electronic sensors was constructed. These are: laser tilt sensor (CMI- developed), acceleration sensor, and the one to measure the propagation fissures. They are characterized by high precision of measurement, combined with automatic, multichannel data acquisition. These assemblies of sensors are installed in the buildings and industrial structures such as: churches, hospitals, chimneys, bridges, towers, apartment buildings for which particular protection is needed because of adverse impacts of environmental agents such as mining, water and climatic conditions. The paper presents examples of application, illustrated by the most interesting results of measurements.

The paper reviews the method of simultaneous flow velocity and temperature measurements using a single-wire probe operating in a constant-temperature anemometer (CTA) circuit where temperature is modulated sinusoidally. Acordingly, the hot wire supply circuit must allow for modulating the overheating ratio and hence the temperature of the hot wire.

Microfluidic detectors have been designed for μ-TAS application. Micromechanical, integrated silicon-glass nanolitres range conductivity and fluorescence detectors have been presented. The construction, technology, and basic characteristics have been discussed for the first time in Poland.

An optoelectronic system, realizing the halfadder system, which can be used in the transmission and processing of signals in optical form, is described. The halfadder system has been realized based on photoconducting (PC) and electroluminescent (EL) thin film elements. The halfadder system should realize two logical functions: EX-OR and AND. In the presented paper the system realizing the EX-OR logical function, constructed by a suitable connection of eight photoconducting and five electroluminescent elements, and the system realizing the AND function composed of two photoconducting and one electroluminescent elements, are described. The dependences on time of the output signals were measured for various combinations of the input signals: L₁=L₂=0; L₁=20 lx, L₂=0; L₁=0, L₂=20 lx oraz L₁=L₂=20 lx. For the halfadder system the signal at the AND function output appeared only when both the input signals had the value corresponding to logical one, and at the EX-OR function output, when the input signals had various values (the first signal was zero, and the second was one or inversely). Thus the investigated system fulfilled the role of a halfadder realizing the function EX-OR, and the function AND, respectively.

The total concentration of heavy metal ions was measured with the use of a highly sensitive reagent (4-(2-pyridylzo)-resorcinol (PAR)). Because of PAR chelates are slightly soluble in water and their forming is not selective, the analytical procedure for Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn determination was developed to perform the analysis in an aqueous environment without the need of inconvenient and time-consuming extraction. A proposed analysis method is more useful in comparison with classical FIA analysis what is crucial during fast classification of various natural water samples. To minimize the chemicals consumption such a classification can be performed in a specially designed microsystem. The Y- shape microchannel structure with a mixing area was made by fine engraving in PMMA plate and sealed with the PDMS one. The M²⁺-PAR complex forming conditions were determined for each of the chosen metal ions. The solubility of formed complexes was better when a micellar environment was created by the addition of a non-ionic surfactant (Triton X100). Next the synthetic mixtures of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn ions were prepared to obtain total molar metal ions concentration in the range from 10^-6 to 10^-4 M and measured after on-chip reaction. A tap water and HAC-sample (Highest Allowable Concentration, Σ_Me=1,2•10^-5 M) were also measured. The detection was performed in a special flow cuvette and spectra measurements were carried out using diode array spectrophotometer and CCD detector.

In this paper we introduce a conventional interferometry system for MEMS/MOEMS characterization. We investigate the opto-mechanical properties of silicon micromembranes, where a thin film of PECVD SiOxNy was deposited. Monitoring the quality of this deposition we demonstrated the fabrication of technology for optical channel waveguides, compatible with the integration on micromechanical structures: based on low-stress and low-loss SiOxNy thin layers.

There no existing universal method of choosing a proper wavelet basis. In this article we present a methodology of choosing the adequate wavelet in detecting some of signals’ features which points to the change of the power burner working point.

Sensors for the Air Data Computer must be precise in wide operating environment conditions. Besides choosing the best sensor for these purposes further accuracy improvement is necessary. Calibration method, in which temperature effects and non-linearity are taken into consideration, is presented in the paper. Static pressure probe error is another problem. For Air Data Computers, assigned for the small aircraft with augmented control system, software compensation of the static pressure error is implemented using access from another devices information and angle of attack computation. The soft angle of attack simulation tests show the method property.

During last decade an increasing interest in passive multiband systems for temperature measurement was noted. However, recent studies showed that multiband systems are capable of producing accurate results of non-contact temperature measurement only in limited number of applications. Available literature about passive multiband systems concentrated exclusively on problem of temperature measurements too. A model of a passive multiband system for non-contact emissivity measurement has been developed and presented in this paper. Simulations carried out using this model showed that it is possible to achieve reasonable accuracy of emissivity measurements with passive multiband systems and these systems can be considered as an attractive solution for emissivity measurements in industrial conditions.

A new touchless interference method of length measurement is presented. A central interference fringe of polychromatic light is used to determine a reference distance. The method is based on comparison of two elements i.e. gauge blocks with one of them serving as a reference. The displacement of an interferometer reflector between the reference points related to the reference block and a measured gauge block is determined. The measurement of displacement and the detection of the gauge block positions were carried out within one optical axis. The presented measuring system is especially predestined as an extension to commercially available interferometers, making possible their application for a calibration procedure of gauge blocks.

In the article, the processes of low-oxygen corrosion are discussed as well as the main reasons for continuous monitoring of chosen gases’ concentrations in the thin layer close to the walls inside the power boiler. We present application of the absorption spectroscopy in measurements of the above mentioned gas concentrations. Moreover the idea of a fiber-optic concentration analyzer of CO and O₂ in the considered gas layer, is presented.

Pt resistors formation technology for the thermal conductivity detector (TCD) is presented. Channels for the gas flow were milled in the glass plate and etched in the silicon chip with use of the TMAH+ water solution. Resistors made up of the thin Pt layer, were located across the channels on the silicon chips. They were connected through the contract windows in the Si₃N₄ and SiO₂ layers, with the n⁺-type regions of the p-type, (100) silicon substrate substrate. BSC-type contacts to the bonding pads allowed electrical contact to the bonding pads located on the opposite side of the silicon substrate. Resistors were electrically tested as a detector heaters and thermoresistors.

Wireless optical fiber links are the basic means of data transmission between movable objects. Radio links dominate in remote transmission. By means of open optical fiber links, it is possible to transmit data over short distances between objects. Depending on the technology used, it is possible to connect transmitting-receiving systems distant from one another by approximately twenty cm to twenty meters. Basic problems accompanying transmission to open optical links include the need for direct or indirect sensing of optical radiation from the emitter by the detector and the inherent propensity for interference. Among its advantages are: the possibility of obtaining greater data transmission speeds and an ease in changing direction, the difficulty posed to unwanted remote “viewing”, and the miniaturization of links. This paper presents basic open configurations of optical links used in data transmission with selected time-varying signals. Using remote transmission of data between a computer and mobile minirobot is shown.

The paper presents fire and gas hazards occurring in underground hard coal mines; methods of hazard detection and methods of gas concentration measurement used while monitoring and/or mine rescue operations. Chromatographs applied to measurement of atmosphere in mine underground and construction of the own-design gas chromatograph; functional examination of the microchromatograph and analyses of gas mixtures are discussed.

The objective of this work consists in working out of a detection module for capnography (carbon dioxide concentration measurement in anaesthesiology and intensive care). The principle of operation of the module consists of the NDIR method. The basic assumption for construction of this model was using of directly modulated thermal IR source in it. A few models of IR sources were worked out. Their heaters were made from thick platinum layers and foil. Limits of modulation frequency for IR sources were greater than 30 Hz. The detection module consists of an optical part, analogue electronics and microprocessor system with a suitable program. The time dependent concentration of CO₂, end tidal concentration of CO₂, mean concentration of N₂O and breath frequency are output values of the detection module. Measurements are executed 30 times per second. The accuracy of CO₂ concentration measurement equals to 5%.

The paper presents a measurement microsystem of parameters of impedance sensors characterized by impedance modulus in the range of 100Ω÷1GΩ. A wide frequency range (100μHz÷1MHz), especially at very low frequencies, has been achieved by the use of the DSP (Digital Signal Processing) technique. The simple construction assures low cost of the microsystem. The form of a virtual instrument has been used; the measurement module is connected via RS-232 interface to a personal computer. This solution allows using the microsystem to impedance spectroscopy of newly-developed sensors but also leads to a realization of dedicated microsystem with own display. The measurement error of impedance modulus and phase has been determined in relation to measurement frequency and measured impedance.

Burning pulverized coal in power boilers causes considerable emission of atmospheric pollution. In order to decrease it the combustion process itself has been modified, however at the cost of side effects like: an increased level of unburned coal particles in the ashes. There are tens of burners in a single power boiler and emission level measurements are made in a flue gas duct, so the control based on such averaged and heavily delayed values often results ineffective. The neural controller of the pulverized coal burner attempts to resolve these problems. The clue is the utilization of the fiber-optic system for monitoring of chosen zone of flame developed in Department of Electronics of Technical University of Lublin in subordinate control loop. The article contains a description of controlled system and optical fiber measurement system as well as the idea of new control structure and initial models.

The article presents the engine condition monitoring system. The system uses dependence between amount of rub products gathered in lubricating oil and current wear condition of device. The measure method bases on ferrographic method. Images are taken from sample and magnified by fiberscope, and then converted by CCD camera into digital form. Then raster images are classified by dedicated computer system. This paper presents actual state of system research.

In the article we present the idea of the data preprocessing in the optoelectronic measurement system for monitoring the industrial gas pollutants. A single optical measurement path can carry a big amount of data in an entirely parallel manner (e.g. spectral response of light in an absorbing media). To meet the requirements coming from optical system properties, the new algorithm called Local Discriminant Basis with Feature Selection - LDBFS is proposed. It's based on discrete wavelet transform and multidimensional data decomposition techniques. In order to assess the performance of the proposed method, the article presents the simulation results of data analysis of gas spectral absorption.

The paper briefly describes Bluetooth standard and authors’ Bluetoth sensors modules construction. At the beginning the short comparison of existing on the market standards of wireless data transmission (IEEE802.11, IEEE802.11b/g, IEEE802.11a, HomeRF, Bluetooth, Radiometrix, Motorola, IrDA) brought out by main firms is presented. Next selected Bluetooth features and functions useful to sensors wireless network creations are discussed. At the end our own Bluetooth sensor based on the newest Ericsson ROK 101 007 module is specified.

Hot-wire measurements in non-isothermal flows require temperature compensation or correction. One of the solutions is the system of two hot-wire anemometers which enable to measure velocity and temperature in non-isothermal gas flows. The output signals come from two hot-wire anemometers operating at different overheat ratio. As the two sensors operate in a CTA mode, we get a wide range of frequency bandwidth for velocity and temperature measurements. This paper presents the results of modeling and optimization of a double hot-wire anemometer system providing temperature correction of anemometric signal.

In the paper the operating principle and basic parameters of a single-core transductor-based compensating transducer to measure a static magnetic field is described. A theoretical analysis has been made and an approximate transduction function has been derived. The presented results of tests carried out on a transducer model testify that the device in question is distinguished by a high and easily adjustable sensitivity and a linear transduction characteristic.

In this paper we present the idea of the optoelectronic measurement system for monitoring the industrial gas pollutants. The system consists of an optical detection system, an optical fiber as a data transmission link, a spectrometer with linear diode array and a neural network unit for real-time spectral data processing. We paid main attention to the neural network structure and its properties for gas recognition and gas concentration estimation task. The article presents the new classification algorithm based on the selforganizing artificial neural network. The algorithm comes from the kohonen selforganizing neural net idea. It introduces the groups of winners and that is why, we call it Multi-Winners Selforganizing Kohonen Map - MWSOM. The behavior and fundamental featured of that classifier are presented and verified by comparison to other 'classical' classification algorithms.

The models for magnetic field sensors in SPICE software for circuit simulation are considered in this paper. The new approach for synthesis of magnetodiode equivalent circuits is presented. It is shown that using combination of physical and empirical models it is possible to maintain effective analysis of sensors in specialized software for circuit simulation.

In the present paper, results of computer simulation of cyclic voltammetry applied to electrocatalytic solid state sensor are presented. The computer software developed by D.Gosser is based on explicit finite difference method. The software is devoted for the simulation of cyclic voltammetry experiments in liquid electrochemistry. However the software is based on general electrochemical rules and may be used for simulation of experiments in solid state electrochemistry. The electrocatalytic sensor does not have a reference electrode and therefore it is necessary to employ virtual reference electrode into the model of the sensor. Data obtained from simulation are similar to measurement one what confirms correctness of assumed sensing mechanism.