Unilamellar liposomes of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) incorporate a variety of hydrophobic photosensitizers (e.g. hematoporphyrin dimethylester, unsubstituted phthalo-cyanines, porphycene) into the phospholipid bilayer. The physico-chemical properties of the liposome-bound photosensitizers in the ground and electronically excited states can be characterized by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The liposome-drug system is stable under physiological conditions and, once injected into tumor-bearing animals, selectively delivers the photosensitizer to serum lipoproteins. As a consequence, the tumor uptake of the drug via receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is favoured. This leads to a larger ratio between the photosensitizer concentration in the tumor and adjacent normal tissues, hence to an increased efficacy of the photodynamic therapy (PDT).
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