Miniaturized sensors are required for invasive monitoring in research, diagnostic and control applications. Although miniaturized physical sensors can be reproduced rather well, miniaturized chemical sensors are still lacking reproducibility, stability and selectivity. A new chamber-type sensor design allows one, to a good extent, to overcome these problems and improve the performance of miniaturized electrochemical sensors: the thin-film electrodes are contained in a chamber formed by a carrier material and a thin insulation layer. The substance to be measured diffuses through a hole in the chamber, which is filled with an electrolyte and thus contains a complete electrochemical cell with working and reference electrodes. These devices can be made small enough in order to be added onto catheters in order to achieve measurements at various points along the catheters.
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