This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10031, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and Conference Committee listing.

Since twenty years, young researchers form the Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, organize two times a year, under only a marginal supervision of the senior faculty members, under the patronage of WEiTI PW, KEiT PAN, SPIE, IEEE, PKOpto SEP and PSF, the WILGA Symposium on advanced, integrated functional electronic, photonic and mechatronic systems [1-5]. All aspects are considered like: research and development, theory and design, technology - material and construction, software and hardware, commissioning and tests, as well as pilot and practical applications. The applications concern mostly, which turned after several years to be a proud specialization of the WILGA Symposium, Internet engineering, high energy physics experiments, new power industry including fusion, nuclear industry, space and satellite technologies, telecommunications, smart municipal environment, as well as biology and medicine [6-8]. XXXVII^th WILGA Symposium was held on 29-31 January 2016 and gathered a few tens of young researchers active in the mentioned research areas. There were presented a few tens of technical papers which will be published in Proc.SPIE together with the accepted articles from the Summer Edition of the WILGA Symposium scheduled for 29.05-06.06.2016. This article is a digest of chosen presentations from WILGA Symposium 2016 Winter Edition. The survey is narrowed to a few chosen and main topical tracks, like electronics and photonics design using industrial standards like ATCA/MTCA, also particular designs of functional systems using this series of industrial standards. The paper, summarizing traditionally since many years the accomplished WILGA Symposium organized by young researchers from Warsaw University of Technology, is also the following part of a cycle of papers concerning their participation in design of new generations of electronic systems used in discovery experiments in Poland and in leading research laboratories of the world.

Wilga Summer 2016 Symposium on Photonics Applications and Web Engineering was held on 29 May – 06 June. The Symposium gathered over 350 participants, mainly young researchers active in optics, optoelectronics, photonics, electronics technologies and applications. There were presented around 300 presentations in a few main topical tracks including: bio-photonics, optical sensory networks, photonics-electronics-mechatronics co-design and integration, large functional system design and maintenance, Internet of Thins, and other. The paper is an introduction the 2016 WILGA Summer Symposium Proceedings, and digests some of the Symposium chosen key presentations.

Silver coatings are highly conductive functional layers. There are many different ways to product the silver coating but most of them need vacuum or high temperature. Spray coating is a technique that is free of this disadvantages – it doesn't need a cleanroom or high temperature. What's more the layer thickness is about 10 μm. In this article the spray coating process of silver nanolayer is described. Four different inks were tested and measured. The layer resistance was measured and show as a graph. After the layer resistance was measured the adhesion test was performed. The pull-off test was performed on testing machine with special self made module. To conclude the article include the test and measurements of spray coated nanosilver functional layers. The layers was examined for the current conductivity and adhesion force.

The adhesion test are used in almost any industry. There are many different techniques and tools from scotch tape test to nanoscratch machine. The common test is pull-off test. Authors design the module for the testing machine and presented the researches about the adhesion of spray coated nanosilver layers to different substrates. In the article the main technique problems are discussed. Authors shows the typical graph result and described the separated sections. The experimental model was made and checked. The breaking forces of glass, Kapton and Aluminium samples are presented on the graph and discussed.

In this paper the preparation process and optical characterization of pure and Al³⁺ doped zinc oxide (Al:ZnO) coatings will be presented. ZnO based materials have been studied extensively due to their potential applications in optoelectronic devices as conductive gas sensors, transparent conductive, electrodes, solar cell windows, varistors, UVfilters or photovoltaic cells. It is II–VI semiconductor with wide-band gap of 3.37 eV and large exciton binding energy of 60meV. It is possible to improve the conductivity of ZnO coating by intentionally doping ZnO with aluminium ions during preparation process. Such transparent and conducting thin films, known as AZO (Aluminium Zinc Oxide) films, are very good candidate for application as transparent conducting materials in many optoelectronic devices. The well-known sol-gel method is used for preparation of solution, coated on glass substrates by dip coating process. Prepared samples were investigated by Raman and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Transmittance as well as specular and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy methods were used for studies of optical parameters. We found that Al admixture influences on optical bandgap of ZnO.

After the enforcement of Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive, one of the biggest problems in electronics is finding a substitution for led solders. Meanwhile, working conditions for the electronics are tougher and tougher – the temperatures the joints have to withstand can be much higher than working temperatures of the soft solders. In current article, the authors present the Low Temperature Joining Technique (LTJT) with the use of pastes based on the mixture of silver nanoparticles and silver microflakes. The authors also show the technology of joining, justify their sintering parameters selection and compare their silver joints with Pb solder and adhesive. The joints prepared with pastes containing silver nanoparticles have much better electrical and thermal properties than the ones made with other techniques.

Titanium oxide displays, among others, catalytic and bactericidal properties, as well as the capacity to absorb UV radiation. The properties may differ significantly depending on the phase composition. This is why for the prospective applications it is necessary to determine the effect of the obtaining process parameters on the phase composition and, consequently, on the properties of the obtained samples. In our work we present results of Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies of TiO₂ layers obtained in sol-gel method. The work will present effects of calcination temperature on the structure of the obtained layers. Raman Spectroscopy is a useful method of identification, allowing to distinguish the anatase phase from the rutile phase.

The 2 μm and visible emission of low phonon (805 cm^-1) germanate glasses and double – clad optical fiber co-doped with 0.7Yb₂O₃/(0.07-0.7)Ho₂O₃ ions have been investigated. Luminescence at 2 μm corresponding to Ho³⁺: ⁵I₇ → ⁵I₈ as well as upconversion luminescence in the visible spectral range corresponding to the Ho³⁺: ⁵S₂(⁵F₄)→⁵I₈ (545 nm), and Ho³⁺: ⁵F₅→⁵I₈ (655 nm) transition, respectively were obtained. The optimization of the acceptor content and donor-acceptor ratio were conducted with the purpose of maximizing the luminescence intensity. The highest luminescence intensity in both spectral range was obtained in glass co-doped with 0.7Yb₂O₃/0.15 Ho₂O₃. Despite relatively small effective absorption coefficient of the optical fiber comparative analysis of luminescent properties of fabricated glasses (further core) and double – clad optical fiber showed significant contribution of reabsorption process of emitted ASE signal.

In the paper spectroscopic properties of aluminosilicate glasses co-doped with Eu³⁺/Yb³⁺ have been investigated. Optimization of rare-earth content has been performed by co-doping glass with xEu₂O₃–yYb₂O₃, x = 0.25, y = 0, 0.50, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5 (mol %). Quantum cutting at 950-1100 nm (Yb³⁺:²F_5/2→²F_7/2) emission was achieved under the excitation of the Eu³⁺:⁵D₃ energy level at 405 nm. Through the lifetime Eu³⁺:@616 (λ_exc=394 nm) measurement, the maximum of effective quantum efficiency (η_EQE) were determined as 136.5 % for glass co-doped with 0.25Eu₂O₃/1.5Yb₂O₃ (mol %). The obtained results show possibility to applied developed glass as active converter layer which may improve efficiency of silicon solar cells.

This paper discusses the results of the experimental research performed with the support of finite element method. The deformation of the thin walled aircraft engine corpus was analyzed based on a geometric model. Then, the boundary of the outer side of the part was loaded by the components of a cutting force during milling. The material model of the part was also defined in the simulation software. The analysis allowed to optimize feed rate in order to decrease the deformation of the part.

The paper has aimed at presentation of the possibilities of using computer-based techniques into scope of machine cutting processes, and mostly of analytical and numerical modeling of the milling process for austenitic high-alloy chromium-nickel steel X 5 CrNi 18-10 and verification of the results experiments. The study was mostly focused on measuring and assessment of deformations in the given sample with the specific load. The simulations were executed in modern computer simulation software which supports such activities. These include: NX by Siemens and Simulia Abaqus. The selection of parameters was based on the real values measured during the milling process.

In this paper measurements results of electrical and optical properties of SiN_x thin layers are presented. Layers were produced by chemical vapor deposition on n-type (100)-oriented silicon substrates. Measurements were performed for samples directly after deposition and for samples annealed in temperature of 1073 K.

Resistance R_p, capacity C_p, phase angle shift θ and dielectric loss factor tgδ were the measuring parameters on AC in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 MHz as a function of measurement temperature from the range 20 K – 373 K. Based on this, the conductivity σ and the activation energy of conductivity were determined. Photoluminescence spectra were recorded at room temperature in the spectral region of 350 – 800 nm using a He-Cd laser source with λ=325 nm.

The influence of annealing on the electrical and optical properties was explained. Current resonance phenomenon and reduction of photoluminescence spectra were observed.

The paper presents the results of application of the high-speed camera Phantom v5.2 and Tracker program for the analysis of chip forming in the case of the AMS6265 steel turning. The experimental research was carried for two cutting speeds and different wear of cutting inserts.

The bacterial biofilm is a direct cause of complications in management of various medical conditions. There is an ongoing search for a feasible method to prevent its growth, as an alternative to antibiotics, which are ineffective. The aim of the study was to prepare and evaluate a detailed algorithm for production of graphene coatings, using economically efficient methods of printed electronics (such as ink-jet printing or spray coating), and assess their antibacterial properties. Based on the preliminary results of our work we suggest that graphene coating may inhibit the formation of microbial biofilms. Further research is needed to verify antibacterial properties of graphene coatings and its future applications in prevention of biofilm-related infections, e.g. by coating surgical instruments, catheters or tracheostomy tubes. In addition, we propose a series of hypotheses to be evaluated in further work.

The urgent problem of metallic inclusions control in the granular materials was considered in the article. The control method of metallic inclusions based on the scanning signal was proposed. A mathematical model of forming moving maximum of the magnetic field intensity by magnetic coils was developed. The design and selection of hardware components of the system was conducted. Specifically, unit of processing and signal forming was designed and manufactured. A test bench for testing developed method was made.

In this paper, the temperature and frequency dependences of conductivity, capacity and phase angle of two nanocomposite samples containing Fe_0.45Co_0.45Zr_0.10 – based nanoparticles embedded in a doped PbZrTiO₃ ferroelectric matrix were studied. AC measurements have been performed for the low temperatures (15 K ≤ T_P) and within frequency range 50 Hz – 1 MHz. The nanocomposites studied were deposited by ion beam sputtering with use of different synthesis atmosphere in a vacuum chamber. The samples were subdued by a 15-min annealing in air in the temperatures of T_A1 = 698 K and T_A2 = 623 K. It was found that for the nanocomposite sample produced using low oxygen content in the synthesis atmosphere (x₁ = 57.6 at.%) negative values of phase angle θ occur, which indicates capacitive type of conduction in the material. We can also notice the strong rapid frequency and temperature dependences of conductivity for this sample. It can be related with hopping carrier transport in the nanocomposite. For the nanocomposite sample with x₂ = 57.6 at.%, which was produced using high oxygen content in the synthesis atmosphere we can observe occurrence of positive values of θ for frequencies f > 5×10⁴ Hz. It can be related with the additional oxidation of Fe_0.45Co_0.45Zr_0.10 nanoparticles during the annealing process (potential barriers surround nanoparticles). The type of carrier transport in the nanocomposite samples is defined as hopping.

In this work thermogravimetric-DTG/DSC analysis result for samples of nanocomposite metal-dielectric (FeCoZr)_x(CaF2)_100-x are presents. Series of samples with, metallic phase content x = 24 – 68 at.% were produced by ionbeam sputtering method in mixed atmosphere of gas argon and oxygen. Study of thermal properties, phase shifts and process of change in mass of nanocomposites were performed using the thermoanalytical system TGA/DSC-1/1600 HF (MettlerToledoInstruments). High-precision weight has a weighing range 1μg – 1g with an accuracy 1μg. The furnace makes it possible to regulate the temperature in range from room temperature to 1600°С and heating rate is 0.01 – 150°С/min. After analysis of the results established that initial and final mass of samples of the nanocomposite (FeCoZr)_x(CaF2)_100-x are different, namely the sample mass is increased by 2 – 20%. It is related to the oxidation of metallic phase particles of nanocomposite. DTG and DSC analysis demonstrated that oxidation of metallic phase is held in two steps, at first oxidized iron atoms, and followed oxidation of the cobalt atoms, what can be seen on the waveform in the form of two humps and whereby oxides Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Co2O3, Co3O4 are formed. Oxide coatings on the surface of atoms represents an additional barrier to electron transfer charges. When a voltage is applied to the layer of the nanocomposite are three possible ways to transfer of charges between atoms and particles of metal, whereby each has its own relaxation time.

In this paper, the absolute quantum yield of Rhodamine B (RhB) doped Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been characterized. The measurement results and analysis are shown. The used polymeric host (polymethyl methacrylate) assures good transparency and strong intensity of fluorescence spectra of RhB. The samples have been fabricated by radical polymerization process. The quantum yield for the different concentrations Rhodamine B concentration in the range 500-750nm have been calculated. The relationship between absolute quantum yield and concentration of the dye has been also analyzed. The maximum of quantum yield 94.49% was obtained for PMMA doped with RhB 5.39×10^-6 mol. The good optical properties and high quantum yield allow numerous applications of used doped host in optoelectronics applications.

The paper presents research concerning temperature distribution in cutting zone in AMS 5643 steel turning with the help of a thermal imaging camera. Experimental studies served for the verification of the material model, used in simulation examinations for the optimization of cutting data.

Selective laser melting is a unique additive technique which can manufacture solid metal objects but it require expensive, high power lasers. The primary aim of this work was to check is it possible to carry out this process by using lower power and high energy pulse laser. The secondary goal was to examine the influence of main technological parameters of selective laser melting on the quality and the thickness of produced layer. The requirements of metal powder, which allowed to obtain a layer with microthickness, were developed.

In this paper we propose low cost and easy in development fully working dye-sensitized solar cell module made with use of a different sensitizing dyes (various anthocyanins and P3HT) for increasing the absorption spectrum, transparent conducting substrates (vaccum spattered chromium and gold), nanometer sized TiO₂ film, iodide and methyl viologen dichloride based electrolyte, and a counter electrode (vaccum spattered platinum or carbon). Moreover, some of the different technologies and optimization manufacturing processes were elaborated for energy efficiency increase and were presented in this paper.

Paper presents researches of cutting force measurements and computer simulation of physical phenomena existing in the cutting zone. Stress distributions in the upper layer after machining were calculated with the numerical software, basing on the FEM method. Optimization of turning process was realized for the purpose to minimize the cutting force and stress values during stainless steel machining, belonging to the difficult-to-cut materials group.

Paper presents some tool life investigations, concerning modeling and simulation of tool wear when turning a difficult-to-cut material like nickel based sintered powder workpiece. A cutting tool made of CBN has its special geometry. The workpiece in the form of disc is an aircraft engine part. The aim of researches is to optimize the cutting data for the purpose to decrease the tool wear and improve the machined surface roughness.

Communications application of chaotic oscillations of lasers with optoelectronic feedback was discussed. The possibility of eavesdropping of the transmission was analyzed. It was proved that if the rogue party precisely knows parameters of the chaotic system it may recreate the entire signals solely by observation of the optical signal power causing security breach.

The article presents a concept of simultaneous using multiple channels for data transmission (an approach MIMO- multiple input multiple output) in the visible light communication systems (VLC), which are considered here as their implementation inside buildings, in the aspect of their numerical modeling. There was presented both a mathematical description (a model) of such systems as well as obtained on this basis results in relation to the instances of MIMO-VLC system with two and four channels, respectively. The so-called non-imaging detectors were used at the receiver side . Obtained results allowed to gain a few valuable conclusions that were included in the last section of article.

In this paper, glasses based on bismuth, germanium, gallium and sodium oxides have been synthesized in terms of low phonon energy (724 cm^-1) and high thermal stability (ΔT = 127°C). Synthesis process have been optimized using low vacuum conditions (approx. 60 mBar) to improve the transmittance in the mid-infrared region and decrease the content of hydroxide groups in the material structure. Glass doped with erbium ions has been pumped with high power diode (λ_exc = 980 nm) to obtain luminescence in the band of 2.7 μm as a result of Er³⁺: ⁴I_11/2 → ⁴I_13/2 radiative transition. For analysis of emission properties and energy transfer mechanisms, glasses co-doped with Er³⁺/Ho³⁺, Er³⁺/Pr³⁺, Er³⁺/Nd³⁺ ions have been synthesized. Obtained results indicated energy transfer phenomenon between lanthanide ions and elements forming the glass matrix. This demonstrates that developed heavy metal oxide glass doped with optimal rare earth elements system is an attractive material for mid-infrared applications.

In our work we focused on possibility of obtaining phosphate nano-phase structures in antimony-germanate glasses doped with europium ions. The glasses with molar composition of 50(Sb₂O₃ - GeO₂) – 50(SiO₂ - Al₂O₃ - Na₂O) doped with 0.5mol% Eu₂O₃ were prepared by standard melt-quenching method. In order to optimize glass-ceramic system the influence of phosphate concentration (up to 10mol%) on spectroscopic properties have been investigated. The symmetry nature of molecular structure around europium ions have been determined from the intensity ratio between (⁵D₀ →⁷F₂)/(⁵D₀ →⁷F₁) transitions. The effect of prominent Stark splitting of luminescence band at 612 nm characterised as “hypersensitive transition” into 3 sub-wavelength was observed in glasses with 1mol% and 3mol% of P₂O₅.

The profilometry plays a huge role in the most fields of science and technology. It allows to measure the profile of the surface with high-resolution. This technique is used in the fields like optic, electronic, medicine, automotive, and much more. The aim of the current work was to design and build optical profilometer based on the interference phenomena. The developed device has been working with He-Ne laser (632.8 nm). The optical parts have been chosen in order to reach the sized 2.0 mm x 1.6 mm of scanning area. The setup of the profilometer is based on Twyman-Green interferometer. Therefore, the phase distribution of the backreflected light from measured surface is recorded. The measurements are carried out with the aid of multiframe algorithms. In this approach we have used the Hariharan algorithm to obtain the exact value of the recorded phase. During tests, which have been carried out in order to check the functionality of the device, the interference patterns have been recoded and processed in order to obtain the 3D profile of measured surface. In this contribution the setup of the optical system, as well as signal processing methods are going to be presented. The brief discussion about the advantages and disadvantages, and usefulness of this approach will be carried out.

In this work we present holographic display that uses LED sources illumination and have enlarged viewing angle. In this holographic display design we employ phase only SLM because it allows to obtain reconstructions of high quality. Our setup realizes complex coding scheme and allows to reconstruct complex holographic images. Thus reconstruction of inplane holograms is possible. Holograms displayed on SLM are computer generated. For enlargement of angular field of view we use three spatially separated illumination sources and time multiplexing technique. In experimental part, where we display computer generated holograms, we show that it is possible to obtain holographic reconstructions of 3D object with extended viewing angle.

In this paper a method for solving stereo matching problem is presented. It is based on minimization of some energy functional by coarse-to-fine methods with using Habor filters. The solution such task, where presents of occlusions, weakly or periodic textured regions provides some ambiguity for optimization process, using coarse-to-fine method speed up matching process and reduces ambiguity. However due to using low-frequency filtration in coarse-to-fine method blurring of disparity function is appeared exceptionally near objects boundaries. To reduce this luck proposed method based on spatial Habor filtration is used.

The aim of this work was to make a monitoring dedicated to an off-grid installation. A laboratory set, which was built for that purpose, was equipped with a PV panel, a battery, a charge controller and a load. Additionally, to monitor electrical parameters from this installation there were used: LabJack module (data acquisition card), measuring module (self-built) and a computer with a program, which allows to measure and present the off-grid installation parameters. The program was made in G language using LabVIEW software. The designed system enables analyzing the currents and voltages of PV panel, battery and load. It makes also possible to visualize them on charts and to make reports from registered data. The monitoring system was also verified by a laboratory test and in real conditions. The results of this verification are also presented.

This paper describes the results of numeral research and analysis of paraxial parameters and dimensional aberrations of seven-electrode axisymmetric cathodic lens. The main finding is that in particular configurations using transaxial focusing elements much better conditions can be obtained to formulate electron and ion fluxes with necessary parameters of beam focusing

Effective method of modeling 1-dimensional photonic crystals structures is presented. As an illustration of the method a concept of widely tunable narrow band drop filter is described. As an active electro-optic material a liquid crystal is used. Very good parameters are obtained so the presented structure is suitable for fast packet switched wavelength division multiplexing networks (WDM).

The paper presents a method of forecasting the energy center position of the laser beam images using the parallel-hierarchical network. Main steps for classification and forecast of energy center coordinates of laser beam spot images are described, which allow to develop a new information technology for their classification and forecast their energy center coordinates. Predictions based on the known neural networks and on the proposed method using the parallel-hierarchical network were evaluated experimentally.

The research on harnessing thermonuclear fusion is considered to be important for reaching global energetic safety as the future thermonuclear fusion reactors offer an inexhaustible and CO2 emission free source of electric power. The development of thermonuclear fusion reactors is a great interdisciplinary effort which needs participation of scientists dealing with many fields of physics and engineering. Due to the experimental character of the works (the best example is the effort for the development of ITER - International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) its crucial part is in the design and application of diagnostics operating in harsh thermonuclear environments. Fiber optics and especially fiber Bragg gratings are components which can operate feasibly in both irradiation and electromagnetic interference conditions. This paper is to give a prospect of application of fiber Bragg grating sensors in devices aimed on the research in the thermonuclear fusion field.

The authors present a fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometer built with the application of diamond and zinc oxide (ZnO) thin layers. Thin ZnO films were deposited on the tip of a standard telecommunication single-mode optical fiber (SMF- 28) while the diamond layer was grown on the plate of silicon substrate. Investigated ZnO layers were fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and the diamond films were deposited using Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (μPE CVD) system. Different thickness of layers was examined. The measurements were performed for the fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometer working in the reflective mode. Spectra were registered for various thicknesses of ZnO layer and various length of the air cavity. As a light source, two superluminescent diodes (SLD) with central wavelength of 1300 nm and 1550 nm were used in measurement set-up.

A new approach to solve the problem of image correction to improve the quality perception of graphic information by people with aberrations of the eye optical system is considered in given article. The model of higher order aberrations which may appear in the human eye optical system is described. The developed approach is based on the pre-processing of digital images and applying of the filtration methods to the adjusted images.

SWDM systems are just to emerge in data-centers in order to reduce the number of fibers used and/or to increase the overall throughput. The biggest problem with employing such systems is the insufficient modal bandwidth in a wide range of wavelengths (850-940nm). Currently proposed solutions are based on the introduction of the new type multimode fiber, so-called wide-band MMF. Although the replacement of the legacy OM3/OM4 with new fibers enables employment of 4 channels SWDM, the bandwidth in side channels (850 and 940nm) is just accurate for current systems (each channel around 25Gbit/s at 300m), it does not provide any room for further future systems (requiring more bandwidth) development. We propose the other method to provide sufficient bandwidth in all SWDM channels. In our solution the legacy transmission OM3/OM4 fiber remains intact, however we compensate for modal dispersion by means of specially designed compensating fibers in all channels but 850nm (where the compensation is not required). In this paper we provide a series of numerical calculations performed with the use of custom designed numerical software in MatLab. We discuss the performance of our solution versus the length of the compensating fiber; we analyze the impact of launching conditions and chromatic dispersion (we assume multimode VCSEL and spectral dependent coupling). Presented results confirm the big potential of our solution for future high bitrate SWDM systems.

In this paper spectral reflectance and transmission of a low-coherence fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometer with thin ZnO layers is analyzed using a multi-cavity approach. In the investigated setup two standard single-mode optical fibers (SMF-28) with thin ZnO films deposited on their end-faces form an extrinsic Fabry-Pérot interferometer with air cavity. Calculations of the spectral response of the interferometer were performed for different thickness of the layers (50, 100, 150, 200 nm). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the use of ZnO thin films improves the reflectance of the interferometer. Moreover, addition of another cavity can make it possible to perform sensing of two different quantities (e.g. temperature and refractive index). The optimal lengths of the Fabry-Pérot cavities were selected using the results of modelling for achieving the best performance in a sensing application.

The paper presents the investigations targeted at broadening the bandwidth of the high speed photodector signal path. Photodetector output signal is formed in the signal path composed of the photodiode with appropriate cooling circuitry, short segment of transmission line and a high-speed amplifier. Bandwidth widening is achieved by including extra circuits in the signal tract (lossless and possibly also lossy one), which – together with inevitable mismatch at both ends of the transmission line - enable correction of the frequency characteristic. The trade-offs between gain, ripples of the AC characteristic and bandwidth are studied and presented in the paper.

Recent advances in holographic displays include increased interest in multiplexing techniques, which allow for extension of viewing angle, hologram resolution increase, or color imaging. In each of these situations, the image is obtained by a composition of a several light wavefronts and therefore some wavefront misalignment occurs. In this work we present a calibration method, that allows for correction of these misalignments by a suitable numerical manipulation of holographic data. For this purpose, we have developed an automated procedure that is based on a measurement of positions of reconstructed synthetic hologram of a target object with focus at two different reconstruction distances. In view of relatively long reconstruction distances in holographic displays, we focus on angular deviations of light beams, which result in a noticeable mutual lateral shift and inclination of the component images in space. A method proposed in this work is implemented in a color holographic display unit (single Spatial Light Modulator – SLM) utilizing Space- Division Method (SDM). In this technique, also referred as Aperture Field Division (AFD) method, a significant wavefront inclination is introduced by a color filter glass mosaic plate (mask) placed in front of the SLM. It is verified that an accuracy of the calibration method, obtained for reconstruction distance 700mm, is 34.5 μm and 0.02°, for the lateral shift and for the angular compensation, respectively. In the final experiment the presented method is verified through real-world object color image reconstruction.

This paper presents a method of analysis of images obtained with the Asynchronous Delay Tap Sampling technique, which is used for simultaneous monitoring of a number of phenomena in the physical layer of an optical network. This method allows visualization of results in a form of an optical signal's waveform (characteristics depicting phase portraits). Depending on a specific phenomenon being observed (i.e.: chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion and ASE noise), the shape of the waveform changes. Herein presented original waveforms were acquired utilizing the OptSim 4.0 simulation package. After specific simulation testing, the obtained numerical data was transformed into an image form, that was further subjected to the analysis using authors' custom algorithms. These algorithms utilize various pixel operations and creation of reports each image might be characterized with. Each individual report shows the number of black pixels being present in the specific image segment. Afterwards, generated reports are compared with each other, across the original-impaired relationship. The differential report is created which consists of a "binary key" that shows the increase in the number of pixels in each particular segment. The ultimate aim of this work is to find the correlation between the generated binary keys and the analyzed common phenomenon being observed, allowing identification of the type of interference occurring. In the further course of the work it is evitable to determine their respective values. The presented work delivers the first objective - the ability to recognize interference.

In this paper, spatial light modulation is applied to investigate the selective mode properties of multimode fibers (MMF) and MMF couplers. Spatial light modulator is applied only on the MMF input to excite a selected linearly polarized eigenmode of the MMF. At the system output the impulse and frequency response is studied. By an additional time separation of mode groups achieved during propagation in the MMF, a mode group to mode group transfer matrix of the MMF coupler can be obtained.

In this paper, we demonstrate a manufacture of the tapered optical fiber used to analyze the composition or quality of fluid by measuring the external refractive index of the desired analyte. They were made in two ways: using a laser plotter and professional station to do such a tapered fibers. The results prove that utilization of the tapered fiber is really useful to microfluidic domain.

One of the key research challenges is development of energy efficient high bit rate data interconnects. The most promising solutions are based on 850 nm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) and multi mode fibre (MMF). In this paper options to realize energy efficient 850 nm data interconnects are discussed and evaluated.

One of the key optical transmission components are optical amplifiers. In this paper studies on the amplification properties of the 1310 nm optical amplifiers are presented. The evaluated optical amplifiers are: semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and praseodymium doped fibre amplifier (PDFA). The study is aimed to the dynamic operation in single- and multi- wavelength domain with the high rate signals namely 25 Gbit/s. The maximum obtained gain was 25.0 dB for SOA and 20.9 dB for PDFA. For the SOAs the minimum achieved value of the receiver sensitivity was -11.5 dBm for single channel and -11.5 dBm for DWDM case when for PDFA those values were -11.0 dBm and -10.9 respectively. The main advantage of the PDFA in comparison to the measured SOAs is higher saturation power.

There is a growing demand for cost-effective radio over fiber transmission techniques. In this paper, we propose and realize the reconfigurable remote access unit for radio over fiber transmission. The reconfigurable unit is build from the tunable filter and laser as well as remote controller. Successful generation of the mm wave signals up to 83 GHz with transmission at 1550 nm is demonstrated.

In this paper, the relative intensity noise (RIN) measurements studies of multimode 850nm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers are presented. The used method is based on the RF spectrum measurement of a biased and unmodulated laser. Further a method based on the oscilloscope measurements is applied. The results obtained for both methods are comparable and differ less than 2 dB. The obtained RINs were in the range from -143.87 to -139.45 dB/Hz for various VCSEL biases.

This article presents a laser diode driver that provides a fast modulation of a laser beam. A pulsed current source was designed and built to test Infra-Red (I-R) receivers in the Time Domain (TD). The proposed solution allows to estimate pulse responses of various photodetectors, whereas the testing was performed with a PiN photodetector. The pulse response brings the information on the behavior of the device under test in a wide frequency range. In addition, an experimental application of the proposed method is presented too. System discussed in this paper has been fully designed and manufactured in Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) in Institute of Electronic Systems (ISE).

This article presents implementation of the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm for tapered fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) design. Particularly, together with well-known Coupled Mode Theory (CMT) and Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) the algorithm optimizes the group delay response of TFBG, by simultaneous shaping of both apodization function and tapered fiber transition profile. Prior to the optimization process, numerical model for TFBG design has been validated. Preliminary results reveal great potential of the SA-based approach and with proper definition of the design criteria may be even applied for optimization of the spectral properties of TFBGs.

In this paper, extensive study on the apodization of fiber Bragg gratings is presented. Particularly, not only influence of non-true and true apodization for gratings with uniform period is analyzed, but also the influence of both of these techniques impact on spectral properties of chirped gratings. Both numerical and experimental results are provided. For true apodized uniform gratings, impact on spectral response of true apodization is evaluated for three apodization windows, i.e. cos², Gaussian and triangle.

In this paper, the concept and experimental characterization of tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) based sensor for temperature and liquid level measurement are presented. It is shown that, when liquid level increases the peak amplitudes of cladding modes linearly decreases (in dB). In turn, changes in temperature causes a shift of the TFBG transmission spectrum, which can be accurately measured by monitoring the Bragg wavelength corresponding to the liquid level independent core mode. The main advantages of proposed sensor are simple design as well as linear responses to liquid level and temperature.

In the paper the planar waveguide based on SU-8 polymer were made on 2μm of silica (SiO₂) on silicon (Si) substrates in order to obtain base for broadband interferometer. Analysis and calculation of sensitivity for single mode broadband differential interferometer were performed. Paper presents preliminary tests and analysis of such structures. Dilution of SU-8 solution for obtaining thin layer (below 500 nm) followed by elipsometric measurements is presented.

In this paper, methods for Bragg wavelength corrections in Talbot interferometer for FBG inscription are presented. As a result, a significant improvement of FBG inscription is achieved. Experimental results show that minimization of positioning errors of rotation stages, imperfections of Talbot interferometer construction as well as consideration of fiber dispersion, lead to a Bragg wavelength accuracy not worse than in commercially available gratings but within much wider spectral range. Proposed approach can compete in terms of Bragg wavelength accuracy with the recognized as more precise phase mask method.

The paper reports an application of the accelerometer for the sensing of rugged surface detection. MEMS accelerometers were investigated for steering control of the autonomous floor-cleaning robot to perform cleaning. Accelerometer signals were used to support signals from other ultrasound and vision sensors to detect the type of the floor and distinguish between rough and smooth floor. The main aim of the developed control system for an autonomous robot was to improve the detection of the floor type and investigate the use of the accelerometer for solving this problem. The test results have shown that the proposed system can be equipped with accelerometer sensor and reduce the error detection for floor type during cleaning.