This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10035, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and Conference Committee listing.

We present original statistical algorithms for calculating brightness fields of upward and downward solar radiation in deterministic inhomogeneous clouds in the plane-parallel and spherical atmospheric models. Poisson model on the basis of point fluxes in space is used to simulate the cloud fields. We implemented a few modifications of the algorithms, differing in the methods for simulating free path length and accounting for the molecular absorption. Results of crosschecks of the developed modifications and estimations of their efficiency are presented.

The results of numerical modeling of plankton biomass dynamics during the evolution of the spring riverine thermal bar in Kamloops Lake, British Columbia, Canada are presented. Investigation of hydrobiological processes is accomplished by using the nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton model of Franks et al. (1986). The mathematical model developed takes into account the diurnal variability of the heat fluxes on the surface of a body of water. The results obtained show that the variable heat flux affects the growth of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the upper layers of the lake.

A complete set of dipole moment function parameters of sulfur dioxide (³²S¹⁶O₂) were determined up to the second order inclusively. For determining the parameters, the experimental vibrational transition moments of the ν₁, ν₃, ν₁+ν₃, and 2ν₃ bands were used from literature. The vibrational transition moments of the ν₂, 2ν₂, ν₁+ν₂, ν₂+ν₃, and 2ν1 bands with uninvestigated experimentally line intensities were obtained in this work on the basis of the ab initio line intensities of ³²S¹⁶O₂. The results of this work were validated by a comparison of the simulated absorption coefficients with the measured data taken from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

A validation of spectral line parameters of hydrogen sulfide (H₂³²S) from the spectroscopic databases HITRAN2012 and GEISA2009 was carried out. For this aim, the absorption coefficient of H₂³²S calculated by a line-by-line method is compared to experimental data from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. A list of the spectral line parameters of H₂³²S of the authors is also used for the comparison. The line positions and intensities from the author’s line list were calculated by the effective operator method. The parameters of the effective dipole moment of the ν₂ band of H₂³²S were determined. Finally, the HITRAN2012 and GEISA2009 data differ from the experimental ones in the ν₂ band and there are errors in line positions of the first and second triad bands from HITRAN2012.

The water vapor absorption in the 195–260 GHz region is investigated using asymptotic line wing theory. A knowledge of the absorption by the H₂O lines of the rotational band where the shape of the line wing provides an adequate description of the water vapor absorption data in the 300–1000 cm^-1 interval is not enough to reproduce the absorption data for the microwave region. While asymptotic line wing theory treats the absorption by any colliding molecular pairs and ignores that due to bound dimers, the experimental absorption data reveal the fraction of absorption by the bound water dimers. The role of the local spectral line contribution to the evaluation of the dimer absorption is discussed.

In this work results of classification of patients with broncho-pulmonary diseases based on analysis of exhaled air samples are presented. These results obtained by application of laser photoacoustic spectroscopy method and intellectual data analysis ones (Principal Component Analysis, Support vector machines, neural networks). Absorption spectra of exhaled air of gathered volunteers were registered; data preparation for classification procedure of absorption spectra of exhaled air of healthy and sick people was made. Also error matrices for neural networks and sensitivity/specificity values in case of classification with SVM method were obtained. This work was partially supposed by the Federal Target Program for Research and Development, Contract No. 14.578.21.0082 (unique identifier of applied scientific research and experimental development RFMEFI57814X0082).

This paper reviews the concept of designing an open, horizontally scalable distributed information and computing environment, presented in the form of decentralized resource architecture (including computing nodes, storage nodes, communication channels) with decentralized computations and data management. The distributed infrastructure divided into two main components, the computational cluster and the storage cluster. Management of the cluster assigned to specialized frameworks – the infrastructure manager, network manager, computing manager, storage manager, authorization manager, web manager, upload manager. This paper shows the results of a practical study of the processed meteorological parameters obtained with standard ultrasonic weather station on the developed information-computational environment.

Formation of molecular water complexes that presumably affect the continuum water vapor absorption under nearatmospheric conditions is discussed within a chemical kinetics approach. Small sets of reactions responsible for a homogeneous nucleation of complexes comprised of simple structural units (water monomers) are considered. Sets with complexes containing no more than 5 monomers are examined. Steady states are found for the sets of model equations used, and the stability properties and time dependent concentrations of molecular complexes near the physical steady state are defined. The special features inherent in the behavior of the concentrations depending on the initial conditions and fraction of a foreign gas are revealed.

We examined possibilities of the Kalman filter for reducing the noise effects in the analysis of absorption spectra of gas samples, in particular, for samples of the exhaled air. It has been shown that when comparing groups of patients with broncho-pulmonary diseases on the basis of the absorption spectra analysis of exhaled air samples the data preprocessing with the Kalman filtering can improve the classification sensitivity using a support vector kernel with mpl.

In this work we studied applicability of the laser spectroscopy for fixing differences in composition of exhaled air depending on the position of the body in different physical states. Using principal component analysis we show that the use of the laser spectroscopy methods is sufficiently effective to solve this problem and provide additional opportunities for the comprehensive study of the human condition.

The problem of systematization of published scientific plots presented in graphical form suitable for computer processing is discussed. The purpose of the present work is to briefly introduce a GrafOnto information system (part of W@DIS) for graphical representation of measured and predicted spectral functions relevant to molecular complexes, using Н₂О as an example. Steps involved in the formulation of the problem at hand are described. A digital image model for a scientific plot is built, and a GrafOnto system for creating composite plots that comprises applications and their associated interfaces is constructed.

The current status of the W@DIS information system used for the systematization of spectroscopic data, including rovibronic transitions and energy levels, and data sources is reviewed, where the abbreviation W@DIS stands for Water Internet @ccesible Distributed Information System. Functionalities of W@DIS are outlined. The primary emphasis of W@DIS is on properties of data sources characterizing data quality. Several examples describe the interfaces used to create molecular spectral line lists and representation of binary relations between data sources and typical individuals of the ontology of information resources, states and transitions. The discussion employs the water molecule as an example.

All currently known line positions of hydrogen chloride molecule (HCl) in the region from 7.4 to 18075 cm^-1 were fitted. The reliability of the data sources as well as their consistency were analyzed. Some disagreements were found due to the systematic errors in determination of the line positions. New set of isotopically independent spectroscopic parameters was obtained and used for the calculation of vibration-rotation energy levels. A comparison of the calculated centers of lines with those of the Hitran database was done.

Consider the transfer of radiation in a stratified atmosphere. The analytical expressions for the calculation of transmittance, reflection and absorption ability of dispersed layered environment were obtained. It is established that the conservative scattering of radiation regime of the atmosphere is practically independent of altitude stratification of the aerosol. It is shown that the reflectivity of the atmosphere is only weakly dependent on the optical density of the surface layer with the absorption at any value of optical density of the upper layer and the single scattering albedo. The essential dependence of the absorptivity of the atmosphere from high-altitude parameters stratified atmosphere were established.

This article presents the results of developing a software for surface meteorological observation network storage. Multithreading was used to simulate a distributed cluster of information-computational resources during the software testing. This technology is used to create concurrently executing threads and is supported by practically every operating system. The architecture of the meteorological data network storage was designed and includes the following modules: coordinating module (monitors and displays computing nodes), database manager module (distributes meteorological data and executes user queries), client module (allows accessing the data), terminal modules (allows uploading new data), storage and processing modules (nodes for distributed data storage). The system was designed using platformindependent development tools (Java technologies), underwent simulation testing to improve the module interaction, ensure system performance, stability and reliability during processing large volumes of meteorological data.

The results of preliminary studies narrowband scattering of laser radiation with a wavelength of 532 nm of the complex system of "airgel - water", depending on the water content in airgel nanopores are presented. In order to study the scattering in nanoporous media broadband radiation two versions of photoacoustic calorimeter are tested.

The longwave radiative fluxes were simulated using different water vapor continuum models for meteorological conditions of Tomsk and Volgograd. The atmosphere with various temperatures, water vapor contents and optical depths of cirrus clouds was considered. The contribution of uncertainties in the continuum models to simulation of downward and upward longwave fluxes is estimated.

The averaged energy difference method was applied to calculate water vapor line broadening induced by hydrogen and helium pressure. Calculations were performed for wide ranges of rotational quantum numbers (J from 0 till 20 by the averaged energy difference method and J from 20 till 50 by interpolation of J-dependence), the spectral range is from 500 till 10 000 cm^-1. The temperature exponents were calculated for every mentioned line. Comparisons of the calculated line shape parameters with the literature values are made for H₂O-H₂, -Не colliding systems.

In this paper we investigate the water vapour continuum absorption retrieved from experimental high-resolution Fourier-Transform-Spectroscopy spectra, obtained earlier from high-temperature and pressure pure water vapour measuremets. The retrieved spectra of the water vapour continuum, related to the least-studied today near-IR absorption bands at 8800 and 10600 cm^-1, are described on the basis of the water dimer hypothesis of the continuum. It is shown that water dimers should cause, at least, half of the water vapour continuum absorption in the studied spectral region. The temperature dependence of the effective dimerization constant is derived.

The water vapor line broadening and shift coefficients in the ν₁+ν₂+ν₃, 3ν₂+ν₃ and 2ν₁+ν₂ vibrational bands of H₂O induced by hydrogen pressure were measured using a Bruker IFS 125HR spectrometer. These vibrational bands were investigated for the first time. The values of the broadening and shift coefficients were compared with the experimental data obtained for H₂O–He and H₂O–Ar optical systems

For the first time the absorption spectrum of 2 0 0 12 – 0 0 0 01 band of carbon dioxide, confined in nanoporous silica aerogel with the density of 0.009 g/cm³,was measured using a Bruker IFS 125 HR FTIR at room temperature and a spectral resolution of 0.008 cm^-1. The obtained dependence of spectral line half-width values on rotational quantum numbers was studied and compared with data available in the literature.

The silica modified by boehmite (15% of Al₂O₃ by mass) was produced by sol-gel method without supercritical drying processes. Aerogel SiO₂/Al₂O₃ textural characteristics was studied by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption with annealing samples at the temperature range of 500−900°C. Concentration and the acidic centers force on the aerogels surface were determined by thermal desorption of ammonia. For the first time absorption spectra of ethylene confined in nanopores of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ aerogels was recorded using a Bruker IFS 125 HR FTIR spectrometer in the 5500 – 6300 cm^-1 region. The difference in profiles of adsorbed ethylene was shown.

The results of critical evaluation of measured rotation-vibration line positions of ¹⁴N¹⁶O in the X²π state are presented. The analysis was carried out using the fundamental Rydberg-Ritz combination principle, for the available experimental data in the spectral range 1700-7400 cm^-1 which represent unresolved Λ-doublets. As a result, the precise set of 1802 experimental energy levels of NO molecule in the interval 0-35665 сm^-1 were obtained. Comparisons with the HITRAN and with the calculated energy levels from C.Amiot (1982) are discussed.

In this paper we used VLIDORT procedures as a forward model in FIRE-ARMS code for modeling the spectra and Jacobian calculation in both thermal infrared (TIR) and short wavelength infrared spectral bands (SWIR). Simulated spectra are compared with spectra measured under clear sky conditions over Western Siberia by the Fourier spectrometer TANSO-FTS, on board of the GOSAT satellite. With the new software, operating simultaneously in both bands, Jacobians were calculated in order to retrieve vertical profiles of carbon dioxide and methane in TIR and SWIR. Data from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis were used as initial guess model atmosphere.

Sunflower plants were grown in the laboratory under continuous light on the ground, the sand and the liquid medium. Fluorescence parameters were measured using PAM fluorimeter (Walz, Germany) and optical spectrophotometric sensor CCM-200 plus, Opti-Sciences, USA). The change of parameters of Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm, ETR and CCI in leaves after addition of oil at a concentration of 6 g/kg is investigated. It is shown that the parameters CCI and ETR (electron transport rates) are most sensitive to oil pollution. The value of the CCI in sunflower leaves increased (compared to control) after the addition of oil in the soil and decreased after the addition of oil in sand and liquid culture medium.

Problems of application of the statistical simulation (Monte Carlo) method for solving fundamental and applied problems of atmospheric optics and acoustics at the V. E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the SB RAS are discussed in the present work. The most significant results obtained in the study of imaging of objects located on the Earth’s surface, in the atmosphere, and in space for ground-based and satellite observations aimed at the development of means for atmospheric correction of data of satellite passive sensing of the Earth’s surface, investigation of bistatic atmospheric optical communication channels, and estimation of the energy characteristics of acoustic radiation propagating through the turbulent atmosphere and sodar signals are presented.

The effect of excitation of local surface modes in semiconductor nanoparticles is studied experimentally and theoretically for various compounds: titanium dioxide, titanium nitride, tungsten disilicide, molybdenum disilicide. Enhancement of depolarizing properties for non-spherical titania nanoparticles (nanoplatelets and nanoribbons) associated with the excitation of local surface modes is considered. The possibility to retrieve the dielectric function spectrum from the depolarization factor measurements for low-dimensional nanoparticles is discussed.

The problem of estimating the influence of homogeneous cloudiness on the signal received during observation of the Earth’s surface from a satellite system is considered for the Lambert reflection from the Earth’s surface. In calculations the Monte Carlo method with backward scheme of simulation of trajectories is used. The gap radii at which the influence of cloudiness decreases down to 10 % of the received radiance are found. A dependence of the radiance on the gap radius is obtained and explained.

The problem of electromagnetic-wave propagation in anisotropic plasma cannot usually be described by exact analytical solutions even in simplest model cases. One of main approximate methods is a geometric optics which provides an illustrative description of radio wave propagation in terms of ray paths [1]. Applicability boundaries of the method (wavelength is smaller than the typical scales of the medium) generally work quite well in the problem of ionospheric propagation of radio waves. Isotropic approximation, i.e. neglect the effect of the Earth's magnetic field, is widely used to simplify the ray-optical description of ionospheric propagation of radio waves. In particular, the advantage of this approach is that for a set of ionospheric models it allows to obtain analytical solutions for the parameters of the ray path. It has been extensively discussed in the literature that the isotropic approximation works quite well for ionospheric sounding being representative of the ordinary mode.

In work results of calculation of the mean intensity and size of a deviation from rectilinear distribution of a beam which passes in the beginning of the path through a shock wave and propagates further in a homogeneous medium are presented. It is shown that the spatial inhomogeneity of the air refractive index in the region of a shock wave which is formed during a supersonic air flow around the turret can exert a focusing action of a beam intersecting the wave, and defragmentation of the beam and rapid degradation at further propagation.

In this paper the coherent properties of the vortex Bessel optical beams propagating in turbulent atmosphere are investigated. The approach to the analysis of this problem is based on the solution of the equation for the second-order transverse mutual coherence function of a field of optical radiation. The behavior of integral scale of coherence degree of vortex Bessel optical beams depending on parameters of a beam and characteristics of turbulent atmosphere is particularly considered. It is shown, that the integral scale of coherence degree of a vortex Bessel optical beam essentially depends on value of a topological charge of a vortex beam. With increase in a topological charge of a vortex Bessel optical beam the value of integral scale of coherence degree of a vortex Bessel optical beam decreases.

Algorithms of filtration for atmospherics and narrow-band noises in VLF spectrograms have been developed. An algorithm for whistler detection in a spectrogram has been suggested. It is based on a nonlinear transformation of «time-frequency» coordinates to rectify a whistler pattern followed by the recognition of this straight line.

The problem of determination of refractive indices for layered medium under known outgoing radiation is considered. It is assumed, that the Stokes parameters of radiation at the boundary of medium are known. To solve the problem, we propose a special indicator function. This function has singularity as its argument tends to unknown values of the refractive index. The results of numerical experiments are discussed.

Monte Carlo method for solving non-stationary radiative transfer equation in inhomogeneous media is proposed and tested for visualization tasks.

In 1966, 50 years ago, in the department «Kinetic equations» of the Department of Applied Mathematics of V. A. Steklov Mathematical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences) T. A. Sushkevich - representative of the Moscow scientific school created Professor E. S. Kuznetsov, developed and implemented a global multi-dimensional spherical 4d-model of solar radiation transfer in the Earth's atmosphere in a spherical coordinate system. Nobody in the world has surpassed these results. Proposed spherical 5d-model for modeling the Earth radiation field at a planet scale based on the Boltzmann kinetic equation and deterministic approach.

In the given paper results of theoretical researches of the integral momenta of the vortex Bessel-Gaussian optical beams propagating in turbulent atmosphere are resulted. In particular, features of behavior of a flux of optical radiation of vortex Bessel-Gaussian beams from beam parameters, namely, the transverse wave number of optical radiation, radius of the amplitude factor, and, especially, topological charge are analyzed in detail. It is shown, that mean value of the orbital angular momentum of a vortex Bessel-Gaussian beam remains to constants at propagation in atmosphere, and the variance of fluctuations of the orbital angular momentum of the vortex Bessel-Gaussian beam calculated with the “meanintensity” approximation is identically equal to zero. On the basis of these results it is possible to draw a conclusion that the value of a variance of fluctuations of the orbital angular momentum of a vortex Bessel-Gaussian beam propagating in turbulent atmosphere is always small.

In the report the method of evaluation of the crosswind velocity from the jitter statistics of binocular images of a remote topographic objects and the results of experiments on atmospheric paths are presented. The possibility of evaluation of the cross-wind based on the shift of the maximum of the mutual correlation function of the displacements of the energy centroids of areas of contrast images is demonstrated. The horizontal spacing of the objectives allows to evaluate the integral speed, and the diagonal spacing – the value of the velocity at a specific point of the optical path. Speed estimates derived from passive optical method agree with the results of independent means of measurement.

To provide accurate data the regular on-board absolute radiometric calibration of a satellite hyperspectral instrument is required. Together with the internal calibration the external calibration using comparison of radiance measurements above special ground test sites and calculated radiances is performed. The top of the atmosphere radiances are calculated using a radiative transfer model basing on atmospheric and surface characteristics measured at the test sites. Spatial pixel of hyperspectral instruments is tens of meters, therefore it is difficult to creation with large enough fields with artificial reflective surface. The paper presents preliminary results of the theoretical analysis of the errors of a satellite hyperspectral instrument radiometric calibration using grass and snow. Results for test sites located at 200 m.a.s.l. and 2000 m.a.s.l. with the atmospheric composition and surface reflectance measurements are compared. The analysis is performed for an instrument with the spectral resolution of 1-8 nm which is typical for special regime of payload GSA of Russian satellite Resurs-P. The errors related with the atmospheric composition and albedo measurement errors and scenarios of the aerosol vertical distribution were theoretically examined. The error is less than 6% in all the cases at all the wavelengths between 400 nm and 1000 nm with the exception of the absorption bands of water vapor. In the absorption bands of water vapor about 720 nm and 820 nm the errors reach 12% at the downcountry site. In the absorption band of 950 nm the errors reach 15% in mountains and 35% in downcountry. In our error analysis we used 4% error of surface albedo. We can expect that reassessment of the albedo error of natural surfaces will directly influence to the estimation of the total errors for the both grass end snow except the spectral range of 400-650 nm where grass has low albedo.

Based on the numerical solution of the parabolic wave equation for the complex spectral amplitude of the wave field the propagation of a short pulsed Laguerre–Gaussian beam with femtosecond duration was studied. It has been shown that the diffraction broadening of the Laguerre–Gaussian beam decreases with the pulse duration in comparison with continuous-wave radiation.

Based on the numerical solution of the parabolic wave equation for the complex spectral amplitude of the wave field by using the splitting into physical factors method the fluctuations of energy density of the broadband pulsed optical radiation for various modes of the Laguerre–Gaussian beam under different turbulent conditions on the propagation path were studied. It has been shown that with the increase of optical turbulence the relative variance of energy density fluctuations of pulsed radiation of femtosecond duration becomes much lower than that of continuous-wave (cw) radiation and, in contrast, may become smaller than unity. Provided the pulse duration is short the energy density fluctuations tend to decrease as the order of the Laguerre–Gaussian beam mode rises. The level of residual spatial correlation of the strong energy density fluctuations of pulsed radiation exceeds the level of cw intensity correlation in all examined Laguerre–Gaussian beam modes and the typical two-scale structure of spatial correlation for the strong fluctuations of cw radiation in the case of pulsed radiation is less expressed.

The paper presents the results of the study of the coherence properties of vortex Laguerre-Gaussian beams backscattered on a diffuse target on monostatic location paths in a turbulent atmosphere. In the weak intensity fluctuations approximation the modulus of complex degree of coherence was calculated for the backscattered vortex beam. It is shown that vortex beam coherence is less than for the Gaussian beam, except of the limit of the point reflector. The value of topological charge of a vortex laser beam remains in the mutual coherence function of a backward wave, but has a weak effect on the dependence of coherence length of the backward wave on the way of separating the observation points. The sign of the topological charge is also present in the expression for the modulus of the complex coherence of the backscattered radiation, but is not significant in its functional behaviour.

For the first time the results for photophoretic motion characteristics of fractal-like soot aggregates in the field of shortwave solar and long-wave thermal atmospheric radiation are presented. It is shown that for the model of fractal-like particles the photophoretic effects for soot aerosol in stationary atmosphere are most essential at stratospheric altitudes.

Authors study a problem of determining the bottom topography of a fluctuating ocean using the data of side-scan sonars. Based on a kinetic model of acoustic radiative transfer authors obtain a formula for determining a function describing small deviations of the bottom surface from a middle level. Numerical experiments have been done on modeling data that demonstrate the accuracy of the obtained formula.

In this paper we presented results long-term experimental study of atmosphere remote sensing by GPS-GLONASS signals and simultaneous near surface atmospheric parameters measurements in Kazan city. During the period of 2010 - 2012. the interannual and seasonal variability of the radiovawes zenith tropospheric delay structure functions was analyzed. The correlation coefficient of the of the time structure function decimeter radio waves zenith tropospheric delay power approximation with surface temperature reaches a value of 0.73 for the fluctuations with time scales up to 8 hours. According to the results it can be assume a strong influence of the synoptic processes and the underlying surface on the formation of mesoscale fluctuations in the satellite navigation systems phase path.

To be effective, adaptive correction of turbulent distortions should be considered final spatio-temporal resolution of adaptive optics system, ie. its ability to form and implement the corrected wavefront control with a predetermined speed and within a finite range of spatial scales. The spatial resolution of the system is determined by the adaptive design of its key elements. Temporal resolution depends on the one hand, on the operating frequency band of electronic, mechanical and optical components of the system, and on the other - by a control algorithm for deformable mirror. To improve the time resolution of the adaptive system can be achieved by optimizing the system control algorithm by constructing predict for optical distortion.

The intensity of turbulent distortions in an atmosphere characterized by a structural constant of the refractive index change which is subject to the law of “two – thirds” in model of turbulence Kolmogorov – Obukhov. It is presented the numerical model of atmospheric turbulence, for which the degree of change of the structural constant of the refractive index is different from the degree of "two – thirds", and also takes into account the anisotropy of the medium along the propagation direction of the optical radiation.

Calculation of the transverse components of the wind speed at the entrance aperture adaptive optical system is based on the correlation analysis of coordinates of energy centers of gravity of the focal spot, that it was measured by wave front sensor Shack–Hartmann. To ensure the accuracy of the algorithm implementing the calculation of wind speed, it must be resistant to noise caused by the construction of sensor and resulting from mathematical operations. It is presented the results of numerical studies. The analysis is performed on basis of a numerical model of the wave front sensor Shack- Hartmann and on turbulence model of Kolmogorov’s type.

The paper reports the results of operation of a lidar developed for measurement of the backscatter amplification in the turbulent atmosphere along with the image jitter sensor. The sensing was carried out round-the-clock under urban conditions along a horizontal 2-km path in winter at negative temperatures, when significant temperature gradients took place in the atmosphere. The lidar coefficient of backscatter amplification correlated with the variance of image jitter of a white matte disk of the image jitter sensor, whose path coincided with the lidar path. The correlation coefficient between the backscatter amplification coefficient at the path end and the standard deviation of the disk image jitter was 0.80-0.85. When the turbulence intensity along the sensing path became significantly inhomogeneous, marked differences appeared between readings of the lidar and the jitter sensor.

We present techniques and algorithms for processing and interpretation of backscatter ionosphere sounding ionograms received on chirp ionosonde. The processing of experimental ionograms is carried out on the basis of basic data filtration with the subsequent compression by method of the cellular automaton. The interpretation technique for ionograms is based on use of modeling results for frequency dependences on the minimum group way in the mode of the long-term forecast and results of experimental data processing. We also present the results of operative diagnostics of HF radio channel on the base of current backscatter sounding data.

An aerosol lidar designed specifically for measurement of the backscatter amplification (BSA) was used in a field experiment, and the procedure for information processing was proposed, which allows the obtained data to be presented in the form convenient for analysis. The BSA-lidar records the value of the relative amplification coefficient, which is proportional to the intensity of atmospheric turbulence. The spatial profile of the backscatter amplification coefficient is the monotonically increasing function, the first derivative of which allows one to localize zones with intense turbulence. Construction of range-time images (RTI) of the derivative of the amplification factor gives a comprehensive picture of the location of such zones and their temporal dynamics. The experiment was conducted in the winter season under urban conditions. An image jitter sensor operated at the same path simultaneously with the lidar for the independent control. It has been found that the night behavior of the amplification factor differed from the daytime one by its volatility, and night values of this factor could exceed twofold the daytime level, increasing up to 3. Maximal gradients of the amplification factor equal to 4 km^-1 have been obtained.

Statistical properties of the phase and group paths of signals reflected from the plane layered medium with anisotropic random inhomogeneities of dielectric permittivity are considered. Analytical expressions for the dispersions and spatial autocorrelation functions of these signal characteristics are obtained for the two models of regular ionospheric layers: linear and parabolic. The results are numerically analyzed for different conditions of ionospheric sounding.

This work is devoted the research of coherent properties of the diffraction-free beams propagating in turbulent atmosphere. On the basis of the solution of the equation for the second-order mutual coherent function of a field the consideration of behavior of mean intensity and degree coherence of a cosine beam is developed. The mean intensity of a beam during propagation in turbulence decreases twice. The degree coherence of a beam at low levels of fluctuations has oscillatory character, and the number of fluctuations is defined by a value of a beam parameter. At high levels of fluctuations the degree coherence of a beam becomes closer to the similar characteristic of a plane wave.

The paper sums up the principles of construction of all-fiber Doppler coherent wind lidars, which can be divided into two classes by the method of signal conversion: homodyne and heterodyne. Lidars of the first class, usually, with continuous-wave probing radiation employ the direct conversion of the signal, when the carrier frequency coincides with the master oscillator frequency. Systems of the second class are pulsed Doppler lidars with the carrier frequency shifted about the master oscillator frequency, which allows simultaneous measurements of the direction and speed of the radial wind. Now our laboratory has started the works to make a prototype model of the pulsed all-fiber coherent Doppler lidar.

During the solar eclipse of May 20 - 21, 2012 in Yakutsk VLF radio signal phase variations are recorded. The variations are 0.77 and 0.54 radians for JJY40 and NPM radio stations respectively. By the radio signals phase variations a normalization factor is determined. The normalization coefficients are 3,27 ± 0,08 and 2,27 ± 0,05 km for paths JJY40 - Yakutsk and NPM - Yakutsk respectively. The effective height of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide changing for the maximum shading the path JJY40 - Yakutsk (22:47 UT) is 4.63 km. For the path NPM - Yakutsk the effective height changes in maximum shading (23:52 UT) are 4.25 km.