This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10255 including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and Conference Committee listing.

Since the spectral imaging technology emerged, it has gained a lot of application achievements in the military field, precision agriculture and biomedical science. When the fluorescence spectrum imaging first applied to the detection of the feature resource of Chinese herbal medicine, the characteristics of holistic and ambiguity made it a new approach to the traditional Chinese medicine testing. In this paper, we applied this method to study the Chinese medicine north and south isatis root granules by comparing their fluorescence spectra. Using cluster analysis, the results showed that the north and south Banlangen can not be divided by ascription. And these indicate that there is a large difference in the quality of Banlangen granules on the market, and fluorescence spectrum imaging method can be used in monitoring the quality of radix isatidis granules.

TMS320C54X series DSP which TI Company produces has applied in communication domain,The series has many merits,such as low power consumption and high parallel,which satisfied the request of real-time processing in communication domain. This paper has mainly explained a kind of design scheme for data fusion system based on TMS320C5402, and briefly given a design method of making use of UART(Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) TL16C654 and FPGA to implement the communication with other terminal devices. Both C language and assembly language are adopted to carry out software design, which makes program much transplantable. The results demonstrate that the system runs steadily and realtime communication among subsystems have been accomplished perfectly.

The technique of the star image simulation is widely used to test star identification algorithms and the performance of star sensor on the ground. A novel INS data based approach to ship-borne star map simulation is put forward in this paper. The simulation procedure consists of three steps: Firstly, the exact speed and position of the ship in the Conventional Inertial System(CIS) are calculated via the INS data; and then the ship attitude matrix is obtained. Secondly, considering the azimuth angle and elevation angle of the star sensor, the accurate positions of the selected guide stars on the image plane of the star sensor are derived by constructing a pinhole model. At the third, the gray values of simulating star image pixels are evaluated according to the 2D Gaussian distribution law. In order to simulate the star image precisely and actually, the image smear has been considered. Based on the proposed star image simulation approach, the effects of image smear on star sensor recognition capability have been analyzed in different exposure time.

We present an approach to spectropolarimetry with no moving parts. The approach encode the polarization information at each wavelength along the spatial dimension of a two dimension date array using static, robust double combo wedges modulator, and realize the measurement of full Stokes parameters. Firstly, the paper present the principle of spatial modulating spectrometry and its configuration; Secondly, the measurement matrix is derivate at different configuration of double combo wedges; Finally, measurement error distribution of Stokes parameters in different measurement matrix is calculated using least squares method, and the analyzer angle of polarizer is given with the minimum variance for each Stokes parameters.

Conventional wavelength modulation spectroscopy is improved by logarithmic-transformed data processing for trace gas sensing. Via the logarithmic-transformation, the optic intensity modulation is isolated from the gas absorption induced laser power attenuation, and then the optic intensity modulation is offset by its equivalent which is obtained from a referenced beam. The method is validated by the detection of P(6) NH₃-absorption line in a stainless tube with effective path length of 24.5 cm, under room temperature (296 K) and atmospheric pressure (1.01e5 Pa). The second harmonic is recovered while the residual amplitude modulation and distortion of curve are eliminated. A 0.7 ppm (part per million) detection limit is inferred on the assumption that the signal is equal with the noise.

Impulsive noise usually has adverse effect on image processing. It has been proved that adaptive median filter is effective to impulsive noise removal. However, high percentage impulsive noise is still a challenge to adaptive median filter. Thus, a sequential median filter is proposed in this paper. Adaptive median filter and median filter are combined in sequence to handle high percentage impulsive noise. Moreover, variable window sizes are employed in the sequential median filter. Experimental results indicate that the sequential median filter is effective for high percentage impulsive noise removal.

The cavity theory model was proposed to discuss the wavelength tuning. The coupling efficiency between semiconductor gain chip and FBG has great influence on the output characteristics. The mode coupling theory and ZEMAX numerical simulation software are used to get the coupling efficiency curves, which are changed with alignment errors. The results show that the conical lensed fiber’s coupling efficiency is highest, and adjustment tolerance is largest. We also completed the experiment of center wavelength tuning and beam quality.

The Day Night Band (DNB), mounted on the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP), has the unique ability to image cloud and surface features with reflected moonlight and nonlunar nighttime illumination sources. However, the radiometric calibration is too difficult to be calculated directly at night due to extremely low radiance. The Dome C in Antarctic and Railroad Valley Playa in Nevada are utilized to calibrate the DNB High Gain Stage (HGS) at night due to their invariable surface properties. The mean value of the relative errors based on Dome C site is -7.41% and RVP is -4.14%. The results suggest that there is an average bias in the DNB HGS on-orbit calibration and an unobvious trend exists due to the changing relative spectral responses over time.

Modified antireflective thin films for optical crystals are developed by sol gel chemistry. Hexamethyldisilazane is added to silica sol to prepare modified sol by the Stöber method. The particle size distribution of the modified sol is found to have good uniformity, with an average particle diameter of about 42.14 nm. This sol can be used to prepare antireflective films with low refractive index of about 1.2. Homogeneous double layered films of antireflective and moisture resistant properties are demonstrated to coat small square sized KH₂PO₄/KD₂PO₄ crystals through a combination of dip and spin coating. The modified antireflective films display residual reflectivity close to zero, and laser induced damage threshold of 10.9 J/cm² (pulse wavelength: 355nm, pulse width: 3ns) measured by raster scan method.

With the emergence of strong light source, laser weapons in the modern war, the threat of damage to the photoelectric sensor and the human eye, the laser protection technology has begun to be paid attention to and widespread concern. In the laser protective materials, we can divide it into the protective material based on the principle of linear optics and the protective material based on the principle of nonlinear optics. In this paper, two different mechanisms of laser protective materials are introduced, and their development and application are reviewed.

Absorption of edge-cladding Cu-glass for the strong amplified spontaneous emission of Nd-glass disk will produce a large rise for the temperature and thermal stress near the cladding interface between Cu-glass and Nd-glass. According to the calculation for amplified spontaneous emission of Nd-glass and thermal stress along the thickness of Cu-glass, which is produced in our lab, the relations among temperature rise, thermal stress, CuO doping concentration and thickness of cladding Cu-glass, are discussed in detail. If using 0.10% CuO doping instead of 1%, which was used in the previous time, the maximum temperature will decrease from 46K to 13K and the thermal stress will decrease from 4.0 MPa to 0.8 MPa. Our edges cladding experimental results, obtained by the low CuO concentration edge cladding glass, are consistent with the inferences and validated in the SG series laser systems.

Quantum dots (QDs) is a new material with special photoelectric properties, whose optical nonlinearity is potentially and widely applied in laser protection and photoelectric devices. This thesis concludes the research progresses on quantum dots’s composition and superficial decoration means in organic polymer system and its linear and nonlinear effects and introduces the researches on the application of quantum dots.

In order to filter out the noise points of the medical spine model effectively and keep the details of the model better, a model-based denoising adaptive diffusion method based on multi-scale bilateral filter is proposed. This method firstly extracts the contour lines of the 3D model of the spine by using bilateral filter in multi-scale conditions, and then designs and improves the adaptive diffusion coefficient so as to optimize and control the whole diffusion process. Then, according to the discreteness of the image, the corresponding discrete iterative equations are established to discretize the iterative process, and the iteration stopping criterion is designed to make the denoising and smoothing image model stop the iteration when the correlation between that image model and the noise is the minimum, and finally to establish the spine image denoising model. After compared with the experimental results of the classical PM method, Catte method and other methods, this method achieves good filtering effect in denoising, and also preserves the edge detail features of medical image, much better than traditional filtering algorithm.

A multilayer structure of microbial cells can result in the multiple attenuation of electromagnetic waves, making the biological particles have a strong ability of extinction. And the activity of microorganism is also an important factor that affects the change of laser transmittance. In this paper, the dynamic change of the transmittance of 632.8nm laser in biological materials is measured. The results show that: when the biological material is stimulated by the laser, the stress response occurs, and the movement of escaping light is the main factor of causing the change of the transmittance. This provides a reference for the further development of the biological extinction materials.

To satisfy requirements of remote sensing satellite data transmission . Considering link margin is not fully utilized by fixed rate methods , development research on link adaptive transmission for remote sensing satellite to improve efficiency of link resources using . Simulation and calculation results show the data throughtput of link adaptation is 2.62 times than conventional method.

Mass sensing based on monitoring the frequency shifts induced by added mass in oscillators is a well-known and widely used technique. The optomechanical crystal cavity has strong interaction between optical mode and mechanical mode. Radiation pressure driven optomechanical crystal cavity are excellent candidates for mass detection due to their simplicity, sensitivity and all optical operation. In an optomechanical crystal cavity, a high quality factor optical mode simultaneously serves as an efficient actuator and a sensitive probe for precise monitoring the mechanical frequency change of the cavity structure. Here, a split-nanobeam optomechanical crystal cavity is proposed, the sensing resolution as small as 0.33ag (1ag=10^-21kg) and the frequency shift is more than 30MHz. This is important and promising for achieve ultimate-precision mass sensing including proteins and other molecules.

During traditional multi-resolution infrared and visible image fusion processing, the low contrast ratio target may be weakened and become inconspicuous because of the opposite DN values in the source images. So a novel target pseudo-color enhanced image fusion algorithm based on the modified attention model and fast discrete curvelet transformation is proposed. The interesting target regions are extracted from source images by introducing the motion features gained from the modified attention model, and source images are performed the gray fusion via the rules based on physical characteristics of sensors in curvelet domain. The final fusion image is obtained by mapping extracted targets into the gray result with the proper pseudo-color instead. The experiments show that the algorithm can highlight dim targets effectively and improve SNR of fusion image.

The hyperspectral data of the Ejina Oasis is performed dimensionality reduction by the minimum noise fraction transform, classified by the maximum likelihood method and clustering processing and finally, the classification of land coverage is obtained. The thesis analyzes the results of two dimensionality reductions, and finds the superiority of the minimum noise fraction. In the classification of land coverage, the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient are respectively 87.75% and 0.8401. The classification is of high precision and can provide effective parameters for ecological research.

Backscatter visibility lidar has been installed at Yuyang (UYN) airport for precise measurements of visibility. The present study conducted the first experiments to compare visibility results of different measurement instruments involving backscatter visibility lidar. The present study introduced the system structure of the backscatter visibility lidar, and then compared the visibility data under different weather conditions viz., haze-fog, snow, dust and rain. The results of the backscatter visibility lidar are superior to the forward scatter meter in all kinds of weather conditions. The measurement results of the backscatter type visibility meter had little deviation from the transmissometer and the manual visual measurement under haze-fog weather. Under the rain and dust weather conditions, the deviation of the results measured by backscatter visibility lidar were larger than transmissometer and the manual observed, but the deviation was still less than the forward scatter visibility meter. The result should be confirmed by more experiments under different weather conditions.

With further research on the micro channel-plate(MCP) photoelectric multiple structure of anodized transmission of composite waveguide applied in Free-Space Optical communication, the disadvantage of the models have been found. Firstly, some analyzes about the constraint conditions and performance of the MCP photoelectric multiple structure of composite waveguide have been conducted. Secondly, one device model based on one grid-controlled structure of composite waveguide has been introduced and verifiable experiments have been conducted as a support. Then, the capability of electron transport of two structures is compared by theoretical analyzes. Lastly, the difference between performances of these two structures has been confirmed by verifiable experiments with optical axis positioning by four-quadrant in a vacuum. Results of the experiment have showed that the grid-controlled structure of composite waveguide would be likely to be widely applied in the special detection for its advantages in the future.

A high speed, high resolution spectrum measurement system based on fiber-spectrometer was built to diagnose the high temperature hypersonic combustion flow. The theoretical models of the spectral radiance and transmittance of the hypersonic combustion flow were established in this paper. The spectral radiance and transmittance of the hypersonic combustion flow were measured at the combustion wind tunnel of BISLMV. Preliminary experiments showed that the spectral radiance behaved not like typical gas radiation but have a continuous spectrum, and the spectral transmittance of the combustion gas flow was about 0.9 in the spectral range 500-900nm without strong spectral selection. The results obtained in this paper will benefit the surface temperature measurement of the thermal protection materials of space vehicle tested at BISLMV.

Human visual system (HVS) can detect the target utilizing the contrast of the target and the surrounding background under a low SNR, it is not only sensitive to the local contrast in space domain, but also in time domain. The existing infrared small target detection methods based on HVS are mainly based on the local contrast in space domain, while the false alarm caused by the background clutter could be serious. In consideration of this problem, an infrared small target detection method based on visual spatio-temporal contrast measure (STLCM) is proposed. At the first stage, a temporal local contrast measure (TLCM) was presented. At the second stage, visual spatio-temporal contrast measure was derived by the fusion of the local contrast in time and space domain, then an adaptive threshold was adopted in the saliency map of STLCM to segment the target. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior in compressing the false alarm and efficient in different conditions.

Objects with well-defined closed boundary can be discriminated by looking at the norm of gradients. With suitable resizing of their corresponding image windows into a small fixed size(8×8), and further binarized the normed gradients (BING) of images can describe the generic objectness measure. Inspired by the “BING” and considered the character that the artifical targets have many obvious corner points, in this paper we propose to predict candidate windows based on corner points instead of non-maximal suppression the BING used. We can generate a small set of high quality target windows and yield 96.2% object detection rate (DR) like the BING dose but need only half time. This is because of the number of corner point is much less than the number of non-maximal suppression point. Our method generate a small set of high quality target window.

Straw burning has great influence on ambient air quality. In this paper, we study the advantages of satellite remote sensing monitoring technology, extract the straw burning and aerosol remote sensing monitoring results from the MODIS data during Sep-Oct-Nov 2013 in Northeast China. We analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of straw burning and aerosol in autumn, and study through the statistics and relevant analysis method for the quantitative straw burning in northeast China's impact on local air quality. The results show that the monthly change of straw burning and AOD in the autumn of 2013 has a high consistency, from which in October the straw burning is the most frequent, aerosol pollution is also the most serious. And the straw burning point distribution density area and the AOD high value area are basically consistent with the space position. Furthermore, every increase of a straw burning point can make the monthly average AOD of the three provinces of northeast China increases by 0.0006.

To improve the over-segmentation and over-merge phenomenon of single image segmentation algorithm,a novel approach of combing Graph-Based algorithm and T-junctions cues is proposed in this paper. First, a method by L0 gradient minimization is applied to the smoothing of the target image eliminate artifacts caused by noise and texture detail; Then, the initial over-segmentation result of the smoothing image using the graph-based algorithm; Finally, the final results via a region fusion strategy by t-junction cues. Experimental results on a variety of images verify the new approach’s efficiency in eliminating artifacts caused by noise,segmentation accuracy and time complexity has been significantly improved.

A holographic display method combing the Amplitude of real picture and the phase of hologram is proposed to improve holographic display. The hologram of the onion epidermal cells was recorded in the in-line digital holographic system. Then the phase unwrapping method was used to get the real phase of the epidermal cells of the onion. Intensity distribution of onion is recorded in CCD illuminated by LED. Based on that, Burch and Kinoform coding are utilized to make CGH (computer-generated hologram) using phase and intensity obtained before. Experiments indicate that clear reconstruction image and desirable display result are achieved with this novel method, providing a new idea for development of CGH display.

Photometric measurement is an important way to identify the space debris, but the present methods of photometric measurement have many constraints on star image and need complex image processing. Aiming at the problems, a statistical learning modeling method for space debris photometric measurement is proposed based on the global consistency of the star image, and the statistical information of star images is used to eliminate the measurement noises. First, the known stars on the star image are divided into training stars and testing stars. Then, the training stars are selected as the least squares fitting parameters to construct the photometric measurement model, and the testing stars are used to calculate the measurement accuracy of the photometric measurement model. Experimental results show that, the accuracy of the proposed photometric measurement model is about 0.1 magnitudes.

Aiming at the problem that the damage threshold of gold coated grating is relatively low, a dielectric film is considered on the gold coated gratings as a protective layer. The thickness range of the protective layer is determined under the prerequisite that the diffraction efficiency of the gold coated grating is reduced to an acceptable degree. In this paper, the electromagnetic field, the temperature field and the stress field distribution in the grating are calculated when the silica and hafnium oxide are used as protective layers, under the preconditions of the electromagnetic field distribution of the gratings known. The results show that the addition of the protective layer changes the distribution of the electromagnetic field, temperature field and stress field in the grating, and the protective layer with an appropriate thickness can improve the laser damage resistance of the grating.

This paper briefly introduces the basic working principle of auto-gating power source. Due to the presence of noise in the circuit, the cathode pulse signal generated by the AD converter is unstable. In this paper, the circuit of the AD converter is adjusted to improve the instability of the cathode high voltage pulse signal, especially in the case of low light and high illumination to avoid the jitter of the pulse. The experiment was carried out. And it could guide the implementation of this part of the circuit.

According to a study in KDP crystal growth and performance, it’s found that the impurity content of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal by batch production affects directly the growth rate and optical properties of the KDP crystal. Through research on a variety of materials production methods, it’s found that there’re seldom reports on impurity removing technology by physical methods. This project studied the key process parameters and control factors on the batch production of potassium dihydrogen phosphate raw material. By modification and adjusting the process parameters, the quality of KDP crystal materials is improved.

To some extent, the mapping relationship between the camera and projector images determines the precision of surface reconstruction in digital close-range photogrammetry. In this paper, a new method is presented to achieve sub-pixel-level mapping between the camera and projector images. Instead of mapping the stripe from the camera to the projector, which is pixel-precision-based, a set of pixels that share the same decoded number were picked out on the camera images and their barycenter was calculated to mapped onto the pixel on the projector images. In most cases, the calculation of the barycenter is able to achieve sub-pixel precision. Compared with existing approaches based on the direct mapping of the stripe on the camera image to the projector image, the proposed method is characterized by higher accuracy in mapping the points and thus the surface reconstruction performance. The experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method in the improvement of the accuracy of shape reconstruction.

In the infrared small target detection system, CFAR (Constant False Alarm Rate) is a commonly used technology, but in the traditional single frame detection method, detection rate is requested to be improved while the false alarm rate is increasing. This paper proposes a threshold attenuation CFAR detection method based on Gauss distribution. After the preprocessing of infrared images, we came into the designing of CFAR detector based on Gauss distribution. According to the previous frame target location and attenuation of local threshold, the detection rate of the target neighbourhood can be improved to obtain the current target location. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively control the threshold, and under the precondition that the background clutter was suppressed by the global low false alarm rate, it can improve the local detection rate and reduce the probability of target loss.

The subsurface damage (SSD) introduced by manufacturing procedures are the important factors affecting mechanical and optical properties of the high-precision optical components. In this paper, we investigated the relationships between the size of SSD’s micro crack and optical properties by studying on the influence of grinding process parameters (average abrasive size, grinding force, wheel speed, grinding depth) on the optical properties (transmittance, absorbance, reflectance) of high-precision optical components first, and then determining the micro crack’s size under the grinding process parameters. Results indicate that with the increase of average abrasive size, grinding force or grinding depth, the transmittance of high-precision optical components decreases while the absorbance and reflectance increase. However, as the wheel speed increases, the transmittance of high-precision optical components increases while the absorbance and the reflectance decrease. Combining these results with the influence of grinding process parameters on the size of micro crack, it can be found that with the increase of micro crack’s size, the transmittance will decrease, while the absorbance and the reflectance will increase.

Since the difference between the film and the quartz, there are problems in metallization process such as low bonding strength, poor wettability and the film stress; combined with the actual situation, carried out a series of exploration of the above problems, take different measures to solve the practical problems.

Hafnium oxide, hafnium crystal bar and high-purity hafnium were prepared using extraction separation, reduction, electrolytic refining, iodide refining and electron beam melting process by General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals. A hundreds-kilogram production line has been built. The purity of the high-purity hafnium was Zr/(Zr+Hf) <0.3wt% and Zr+Hf>99.99wt%, which enables a high laser induced damage threshold.

With method of fixing wire in the high power pulsed xenon lamp tube, an experimental device of double lamp series was established to simulate the actual working environment of the xenon lamp. The experimental results show that the thermal damage with the pre delay time of 150μs is much more serious compared with the pre delay time of 250μs. The reason could be that the metastable particles formed by pre discharge are uneven with the former. The tube pale first appears near the left lamp anode and the right lamp cathode. The possible reason is that bifurcates and shifts of the plasma discharge channel are affected by the wire. The test results show that the main reason of thermal damage is that the temperature of discharge plasma is uneven inside the tube. By improving the structure of the lamp box and optimizing the pre delay time, the discharge plasma temperature can be decreased for the avoidance of the thermal damage.

We propose a sub-wavelength structure on vanadium oxide film as an extra absorption layer (i.e. absorber) based on surface plasmon resonance effects, enhancing dual-band absorption in both middle wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long wavelength infrared (LWIR) region. Simulation results show that the absorber with disk structure has two absorption peaks at wavelengths λ=4.8μm and λ=9μm with the absorption magnitudes more than 0.98 and 0.94 in MWIR and LWIR region, respectively. Similarly, simulation results show that the absorber with square structure has two absorption peaks at wavelengths λ=4.8μm and λ=9.2μm with the absorption magnitudes more than 0.99 and 0.99 in MWIR and LWIR region, respectively.

Owing to damage, thermal issues, and nonlinear optical effects, the output power of fiber laser has been proven to be limited. Beam combining techniques are the attractive solutions to achieve high-power high-brightness fiber laser output. The spectral beam combining (SBC) is a promising method to achieve high average power output without influencing the beam quality. A polarization independent spectral beam combining grating is one of the key elements in the SBC. In this paper the diffraction efficiency of the grating is investigated by rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA). The theoretical -1st order diffraction efficiency of the grating is more than 95% from 1010nm to 1080nm for both TE and TM polarizations. The fabrication tolerance is analyzed. The polarization independent spectral beam combining grating with the period of 1.04μm has been fabricated by holographic lithography - ion beam etching, which are within the fabrication tolerance.

The surface chemical composition and atomic emission spectroscopy of F atoms and CF₂ molecules involved in the processing of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet (APPJ) produced from CF₄ precursor has been explored. The XPS spectra illustrated that small amount of radicals including C-CF_n and CF-CF_n could be introduced onto the fused silica surface during the CF₄ plasma process, the fluorocarbon radicals were generated during CF₄ plasma ionization. Moreover, the relative concentrations of excited state species of F atoms and CF₂ molecules, which play significant role in remove and fluorocarbon radicals, were acquired for CF₄ plasma. The densities of F atoms increased dramatically with increasing applied RF power, whereas CF₂ molecules decreased monotonically over the same power range, the subsequent electron impacted decomposition of plasma species after CF₄ precursor fragmentation. The spectrum of the F atoms and CF₂ molecules fallowed the same tendency with the increasing concentration of gas CF₄, reaching the maximum at the 20sccm and 15sccm respectively, and then the emission intensity of reactive atoms decreased with more CF₄ molecules participating. Addition certain amount O₂ into CF₄ plasma resulted in promoting CF₄ dissociation, O₂ can easily react with the dissociation product of CF₂ molecules, which inhibit the compound of the F atoms, so with the increasing concentration of O₂, the concentration of the CF₂ molecules decreased and the emission intensities of F atoms showed the maximum at the O₂/CF₄ ratio of 20%. These results have led to the development of a scheme that illustrates the mechanisms of surface chemistry reaction and the affection of plasma parameters in CF₄ plasma systems with respect to F and CF₂ gas-phase species.

With the progress of high power laser system, the specifications of the large-aperture optics on the low-spatial-frequency wavefront, mid-spatial-frequency wavefront, high-spatial-frequency wavefront all meet stricter requirements. To the mid-spatial-frequency wavefront, it has been researched less than others. The influence factors of the mid-spatial-frequency wavefront PSD1 error for large-aperture mirrors are analyzed in this work. The results show that the influence factors of the mid-spatial-frequency wavefront is different with the low-spatial-frequency wavefront. PV error depends on the peak and vale of film surface，Grms error is affected by the big amplitude wave of film surface, and PSD1 error is mainly caused by the small frequency wave of film surface. So it is the key to controlling the PSD1 error for large-aperture mirrors that reducing small frequency wave of film surface.

In the field of deep space science detection and high resolution earth observation, a relatively high motion velocity is often generated between the optical camera and the imaging target. Images obtained during the exposure time can produce image motion blur, which becomes one of the main obstacles to acquire high resolution image near the target. As an extended task of the third phase of China’s lunar exploration program, flight imaging of the planned sampling area of Chang’e-5 was carried out. A dual resolution camera with a wide field of view (FOV) camera and a narrow FOV camera was used for imaging mission. High flying speed causes the generation of large motion blurred images captured by the narrow FOV camera and the motion blur can be up to around 30 pixels. To deal with this problem, we analyzed the image features of the blurred images captured by the narrow FOV camera, and proposed a corresponding method that can estimate image motion value from the blurred lunar image based on small craters detection scheme and then adopted the regularization method to restore the image. The algorithm is applied in the batch processing of the real blurred lunar images and has achieved a significant restored effect.

An imaging system’s spatial quality can be expressed by the system’s modulation spread function (MTF) as a function of spatial frequency in terms of the linear response theory. Methods have been proposed to assess the MTF of an imaging system using point, slit or edge techniques. The edge method is widely used for the low requirement of targets. However, the traditional edge methods are limited by the edge angle. Besides, image noise will impair the measurement accuracy, making the measurement result unstable. In this paper, a novel measurement method based on the support vector machine (SVM) is proposed. Image patches with different edge angles and MTF levels are generated as the training set. Parameters related with MTF and image structure are extracted from the edge images. Trained with image parameters and the corresponding MTF, the SVM classifier can assess the MTF of any edge image. The result shows that the proposed method has an excellent performance on measuring accuracy and stability.

InSb quantum dots of high quality and high density is grown epitaxially by LP-MOCVD technology on GaSb substrate, and some parameters influenced surface pattern of InSb is analyzed such as source flow, phase V/III ratio, growth temperature, pressure in reaction chamber, etc. Experiment obtained a set of optimized parameters of InSb/GaSb quantum dots: 475℃, 200mbar, V/III=1. Under optimized epitaxial parameters, using atomic-like layer growth pattern and connecting In and Sb organic source for four times alternatively can prepare InSb/GaSb quantum dots whose density can be up to 1.69×10¹⁰cm^-2.

The transmit power and laser divergence angle of single photon laser ranging system for airborne is a key factor restricting the measurement range. A method is proposed in this paper to reduce the laser divergence angle to increase the measurement process. And an auto tracking system based on fast steering mirror is proposed to improve the accuracy of the pointing error because of the small divergence angle in airborne environment. On the theory, it can increase the measurement range of not increasing the transmit power.

A new method for the determination of the degree of freedom of the hexapod mount based on screw theory has been proposed. The method is applied to the mobility analysis of the four configurations of the hexapod mount, say the 3-3 configuration, 3-6 configuration, 6-3 configuration and 6-6 configuration. The conclusion which the DOF of the four structures of the hexapod mount is zero and over-constraint does not exist has been derived by the analysis of the motion screw systems of the four structures, and it also presents that the four structures are equivalent in DOFs and the DOF of variation configuration of the hexapod mount is also zero and over-constraint does not exist, which provides a strong theoretical support for the feasibility of the kinematic supporting of the optical module. The method also provides a reference for the mobility analysis of other parallel manipulators.

Attenuation coefficient of seawater channel is not only related to the wavelength of optical, but also attenuation particle distribution, so the energy attenuation coefficient of the optical actual transmission changes with the attenuation particle distribution in the seawater, yet in the current underwater optical transmission simulation study, mostly adopts the method of selecting wavelength to determine the attenuation coefficient. Based on the existing of the Monte Carlo method, using the inverse function of modified Henyey Greenstein function to determine the optical scattering angle, and using photons weight change law to determine the photon annihilation. Respectively in the condition of a fixed seawater attenuation coefficient and attenuation coefficient changing with depth, this paper dynamically simulated the underwater optical slant path transmission of power attenuation and bit error rate, and analyzed the influence of the photons movement in power attenuation and bit error rate.

The a-C:H films were deposited on glasses with different substrate thickness (rising from 2mm to 26mm) by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). The effect of substrate thickness to the deposition rate, structural variations of films was investigated by surface morphology device and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the deposition rate, H contents of films increase, meanwhile, I(D)/I(G), G peak position decrease and all of them show strong linear relation with the increasing substrate thickness. The a-C:H film with the highest thickness presents the highest deposition rate (37.7nm/s), nanohardness (20.2GPa), elastic modulus (118.8GPa) and lowest friction coefficient (0.266).

Different from backlight for panel display, the backlight for integral imaging should be directional in order to improve the viewing quality. A method for eliminating the flipped image and improving the optical efficiency for integral imaging is proposed by using directional backlight with diffractive grating. The light from one elemental image reaching the neighboring elemental lens can be eliminated with directional backlight. The effect of the backlight angular divergence and pixel structure on crosstalk and the viewing angle is analyzed. Simulation and experiment show the validity of the proposed method.

Aiming at the simultaneous measurement of the size, shape, fall velocity of precipitation particles, a ground-based optical instrument, the precipitation micro-physical characteristics sensor (PMCS) was developed, it can record the double-exposure image of each particle in a single frame, by which the size, equivalent diameter, axis ratio of raindrops can be calculated, its fall velocity can be calculated according to its displacement and time interval. The PMCS is calibrated by some glass balls with certain diameters in sunny, cloudy, and night conditions, based on which a fitted relationship between the threshold and image area is obtained and used to ensure the measurement accuracy of raindrop sizes. The field measurement of PMCS has obtained plenty of raindrops images, based on which the shape, axis ratio, and fall velocity of raindrops were calculated and discussed. The typical shape of large raindrop takes on an oblate ellipsoid with a flatter base and a more raised top, the axis ratio of raindrops decrease linearly with the increasing of diameter, the fall velocity of raindrops increases exponentially with the increasing of the diameter, and above observed data are in good agreement with the empirical model. These results validate the performance of PMCS, which can be widely applied for interpreting weather radar data, investigating regional precipitation features, and studying the physical process of precipitation.

A KTP EOPO pumped by an AO Q-switched and SESAM mode-locked Nd³⁺: GdVO₄ laser is experimentally realized. The cavity is designed to satisfy synchronously pump. The signal trace and output powers from the OPO are experimentally measured. Based on the experiment, a dynamical rate-equation model is firstly set to simulate the operation of the Q-switched and mode-locked OPO. The theoretical values from the rate equations agree with the experimental results well. The developed model explains the behavior, which is helpful to system optimization.

Temperature is a critical parameter to diagnose the high temperature hypersonic combustion flow. A fiber-spectrometer based measurement system and the correlated theoretical models to measure the radiation temperature of the “optical thick” hypersonic combustion flow were established in this paper. The spectral responsivity of the fiber-spectrometer based measurement system was measured at NIM in lab condition, and the spectral radiance and emissivity of the hypersonic combustion flow were measured in-situ at the combustion wind tunnel of BISLMV. Preliminary experimental results showed the spectral emissivity of the combustion flow was about 0.1 in the spectral range 500-800nm without strong spectral selection, which resulted in the radiation temperature about 2200 K, with relative standard uncertainty about 10%.

It is very difficult to monitor the pollution and diffusion of nuclear facilities directly by remote sensing image. This paper proposes a method of nuclear pollution detection using the wide band hyperspectral data, the vegetation health status as the intermediate variables, the indirect detection of nuclear power plant pollution, and the feasibility of this method are discussed.

In the present study, phosphorescent imaging technique was developed to achieve simultaneous measurements of droplet size, speed and temperature of dispersed droplets in spray flow ejected from an air-blast nozzle. By using phosphorescent molecules as the tracers excited by an ultraviolet laser sheet for the quantitative flow measurements, the detected images of tagged phosphorescent molecules at two successive times determine the dynamic and thermodynamic behaviors of dispersed particles. A PTV based method was used to analyze the droplets size, trajectory and speed, and a lifetime based approach was used to measure the cross-correlated droplets temperature. The experimental results demonstrated phosphorescent imaging technique behaves the potential to widely used and well suited for spray measurement and droplet characterization.

As a novel and ultrasensitive detection technology that had advantages of fingerprint effect, high speed and low cost, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was used to develop the regression models for the fast quantitative detection of thiram by support vector machine regression (SVR) in the paper. Meanwhile, three parameter optimization methods, which were grid search (GS), genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), were employed to optimize the internal parameters of SVR. Furthermore, the influence of the spectral number, spectral wavenumber range and principal component analysis (PCA) on the quantitative detection was also discussed. Firstly, the experiments demonstrate the proposed method can realize the fast and quantitative detection of thiram, and the best result is obtained by GS-SVR with the spectra of the range of characteristic peak which are processed by PCA. And the effect of GS, GA, PSO on the parameter optimization is similar, but the analysis time has a great difference in which GS is the fastest. Considering the analysis accuracy and time simultaneously, the spectral number of samples over each concentration should be set to 50. Then, developing the quantitative model with the spectra of range of characteristic peak can reduce analysis time on the promise of ensuring the detection accuracy. Additionally, PCA can further reduce the detection error through reserving the main information of the spectra data and eliminating the noise.

In order to detect the dim small target in high frame rate image sequences，an optimized temporal processing technique is investigated. Based on the temporal profile models for noise pixel，target pixel and clutter pixel, we formulate the detection in two steps, pre-processed by Max-median filter and temporal variance filter(TVF). In pre-processing step, three spatial-filtering methods are compared. In temporal profile analysis step, the length of time windows for calculating the mean and variance values are chosen after statistical analysis. Finally, six targets embedded into a scene which contains different types of clouds, and set the adjacent scene to one pixel jitter in any random direction. The simulation results show that we can obtain a relative high signal-to-clutter gain in different regions, which satisfies the requirement of target detection algorithm in high frame rate detection system.

The laser damage character of fused silica is studied experimentally. Firstly the distribution of the defects is presented. Furthermore, the relevancy of the laser damage character and the defects is discussed. Finally, the fluorescence of damage-occurring is explained. From the result, the way to ameliorate the laser damage character by controlling the defects is given.

Illuminant is a porous media consisting of powder materials. The flame of illuminant seems continuous, but in fact the flame is made up of a substantial number of burning particles, and the burning particles determine the temperature distribution of the flame. In this paper, the distribution of the burning particles was first studied using a high speed camera. Then a model of the temperature field of illuminant flame was established based on the equation of heat conduction and the distribution function of the burning particles. The temperature field of the illuminant flame was predicted by the model and the highest temperature was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The model was validated by the experimental results using an infrared thermometer. The results indicate that a good match has been achieved between the experimental data and the model predicted flame temperature field of the illuminant based on the distribution of burning particles.

An application example of precision photoelectric 2D-turntable for aiming device baseline variation detection is proposed in this paper, the optical measurement method is also expounded and the design scheme of automatic digital photoelectric 2D-turntable with high precision is supported. Because the supporting framework is the key component and the main bearing component of two-dimensional turntable, its strength and stiffness will directly affect the adjustment accuracy and stability property, the variable density topology optimization is applied to optimize the structure of supporting framework. The quality of supporting framework reduces by 20%, the displacement of the center of shafting mass under gravity loads is less than 0.05mm. The experimental results indicate that adjustment error of the photoelectric 2D-turntable is less than 0.05mil, repetitive positioning accuracy is more than 0.01mil which meets the design requirements of high precision adjustment accuracy or stability.

An experimental study of the ignition and combustion characteristics of Al/Mg fuel-rich propellant at lower ambient pressures was performed. Measurements were obtained in a sealed vessel capable of reaching pressures as low as 0.1 atm with the application of vacuum pump. The ignition delay time was obtained by photodiodes which monitor the laser signal and flame signal; the linear burning rate of propellant was obtained by processing the continuous high-speed video images. The experimental results show that the reduction in pressure caused a longer ignition delay time, this dependence will get weaker as the externally applied heat flux increased; the linear burning rate reduced with the reduction of pressure, even reduced about 47% at 0.1atm compared to constant pressure.