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1.INTRODUCTIONLaser Measurement Technology is a professional required course for junior students of Measurement and Control Technology and Instrument Specialty and a professional elective course for senior students of Optoelectronic Information Engineering Specialty in Optoelectronic Engineering Branch. This course has its special significance, the development of photoelectric technology and laser measuring technology is closely related, with the development of optoelectronic devices, such as photocells, photodiodes and CCD camera device, the laser and photoelectric testing technology, online detection and control technology, optical fiber sensor technology and visual detection technology is more common development and application. Digital Image Processing is also a major required course for major students of Measurement and Control Technology and Instrument Specialty, the two courses are studied separately in the two semesters, and the integrated curriculum design is carried out just after the completion of Digital Image Processing courses, in order to strengthen the practical application of the two disciplines, at the same time to play the role of review and in-depth. 2.THE IMPORTANCE OF LASER MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGYThe Laser Measuring Technology has some outstanding advantages: it is contacted with the light directly so as to achieve high precision measurement; photoelectric conversion is very easy to do with a computer, realize the automatic analysis, processing, display and print of the measurement data. In this paper, we mainly discuss the combined application of digital holographic measurement experiment in Laser Measuring Technology and Digital Image Processing. 2.1The basic principle of digital holography[1]The basic principle of digital holography is the same as traditional optical holography, they all need two processes: recording and reconstruction. But in the process of recording, storage and reconstruction of holograms, different methods have been adopted to realize it. The recording element used in digital holography is electronic photosensitive device CCD, and storage device is high-speed computer. Digital holography can use the computer to optical simulate the reconstruction process directly. We can use the off-axis optical path shoot hologram to obtain the three-dimensional reconstruction of diffuse objects, at the same time, it is possible to obtain some fringes which may be covered by the three-dimensional reconstruction or in the nearby location. These fringes represent information about displacement, deformation or rotation of an object. 2.2Experimental processThe experimental setup of optical system is mainly composed of the following parts: laser, collimating and beam expanding system, attenuator, beam splitter, imaging lens, CCD, image acquisition card, electro addressed liquid crystal (EALCD), etc. The collimating beam expanding system is composed of a micro objective lens, a pinhole and a collimating objective lens. 2.3Experimental resultsThe interference fringe of figure 2.5 represents the displacement or deformation information of the experiment object, but the fringe clarity is not enough due to the limited experimental conditions, so we can not completely judge the effective information, it need for subsequent processing. 3.APPLICATION OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING IN HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFEROMETRY3.1The purpose of digital image processing
3.2Advantages of digital image processing
3.3Common digital image processing methods[2]3.3.1Laplace Gauss operator algorithmFrom the mathematical analysis, the essence of image blurring is due to the influence of the average or integral operation. If the image is under the inverse operation, such as the use of differential operators, you can make the image becomes clear. Gradient is one of the commonly used differential methods. The gradient is proportional to the rate of change of the gray level, when the gray level is constant, the gradient is zero. However, the first differential is far away from the second differential. In this experiment, the image preprocessing is used in second linear differential molecular - Laplacian operator. The Laplacian operator has the isotropy and rotation invariance of the filter. There are same results between filtering after the rotation of the original image and rotation after the filtering, so it has a good effect for the point, line, boundary extraction of the image. Using Laplacian operator to preprocess the holographic image with MATLAB programming, the original object is as shown in Figure 3.1, the untreated Fresnel hologram and the reconstructed image are shown in figures 3.2 and 3.3, the hologram and the reconstructed image processed by Laplacian operator are shown in Figure 3.4 and 3.5. It can be seen that the quality of reconstructed image is significantly improved compared with that of the original image after preprocessing by Laplacian operator. 3.3.2Median filteringMedian filtering method for image processing is a nonlinear smoothing, it can eliminate salt and pepper noise effectively and has special effect on phase analysis of fringe image in optical measurement, it often used for protecting edge information, so it is the classic method of noise smoothing. The gray value of each pixel is equal to the value of the gray value of all pixels in the neighborhood window, the value of one point is replaced by the median of each sample in a neighborhood of the point in a digital image or sequence, make sure the surrounding pixel value is close to the true value, thus the isolated noise points are eliminated. The number of data to be processed by sorting out the odd number of data from a sampling window in the image or replacing the data with the median after the sorting. 3.3.3Homomorphic filteringHomomorphic filtering of the image is a special class of nonlinear processing which according to the generalized superposition principle, it is showed with the linear transformation between the vector space of the input and output in algebra, the range of the image brightness is compressed and the image contrast is enhanced in the in the frequency domain. Its basic idea is to transform the nonlinear problem into a linear problem. First, to do some mathematical calculation of nonlinear hybrid signal into additive, so that you can process image with linear filtering method, and finally do the inverse operation of corresponding mathematical operations, then recover the image. After homomorphic filtering using MATLAB software program, the area with lower image brightness becomes visible and the highlight area becomes clearer, the contrast and the image visibility increases. 3.3.4The combine of Gray transform and Wiener filteringThe gray level transformation is to change the gray value of pixels in the original image according to a certain transformation relation in order to achieve some objective conditions. The contrast can be improved by gray-scale transformation of image, a specific gray enhancement method is determined when he gray transformation relation is determined. Due to various factors such as the system, often resulting in uneven image, contrast is not enough, thus affecting the visual effect of the human eye to see the image during the photoelectric conversion. Through the image acquisition system in the image pixel processing, we can make the whole image uniformity. Wiener filter is a linear smoothing filter which has the function of adaptive filtering for digital image, the output of the filter can be adjusted according to the region variance of the image. In this experiment, the MATLAB software is used to write the program and the interference fringe image is processed by the method of gray level transform and Wiener filtering to improve the fringe contrast. Three different digital image processing methods are used for the interference fringe pattern, unprocessed fringe pattern is as shown in Figure 3.6, fringe pattern after median filtering is as shown in Figure 3.7, Fringe pattern after gray transform and Wiener filtering is as shown in Figure 3.8, fringe pattern after homomorphic processing is as shown in Figure 3.9. It can be seen that the fringe pattern after the digital image processing has improved the clarity and contrast of the fringe pattern. 4.GROUPED CURRICULUM DESIGN LEARNINGThe students can enter into the stage of curriculum design after the two courses are learned completely. For example, a class of 30 students can be divided into five groups, each group of six students, among them, three students for the early laser measurement experiment and get a clear picture of experiment through the repeated experimental process, another three students to carry out digital image processing software process. The entire curriculum design takes about three weeks, it can be reasonable allocation of time. Finally, the image quality is evaluated, image quality evaluate is divided into objective evaluation and subjective evaluation, objective evaluation method is the use of a test card, and subjective evaluation is the use of visual observation and subjective evaluation of image quality. Two points need to pay attention: First, there are a lot of measurement methods in the Laser Measurement Technology. In this paper, holographic interferometry is just one of the methods, the students can choose other measurement methods according to their own expertise to get the experimental pictures. Second, the digital image processing method in the paper is also just enumerated, in practice, the students also need to carry on the concrete analysis to carry on the programming and the application according to the actual situation. The three week curriculum design can make the students have a more in-depth understanding of the two disciplines, hands-on ability will be greatly improved, this is also the direction of independent college students’ learning and training -- the cultivation of applied talents. REFERENCESBooth, Wensheng Wang.,
“Contemporary Optical Measurement Technology,”
116
–130 China Machine Press, Beijing
(2013). Google Scholar
Booth, Jianhua Xue.,
“Image processing and analysis,”
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–80 China Science Press, Beijing
(1992). Google Scholar
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