Characterization of gratings for space applications

Sakina Achour; Quentin Kuperman-Le Bihan; Pierre Etcheto

doi:10.1117/12.2312059

15 June 2018 Characterization of gratings for space applications

Sakina Achour, Quentin Kuperman-Le Bihan, Pierre Etcheto

Proceedings Volume 10692, Optical Fabrication, Testing, and Metrology VI; 1069219 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312059
Event: SPIE Optical Systems Design, 2018, Frankfurt, Germany

Abstract

Control stray light is very important in space industry. Indeed, it is one of the main factors in the decreasing of the signal-to-noise and the contrast. Stray light is generally caused by scattered light and ghost images. The Bidirectional Scatter Distribution function (BSDF) measurements allow the quantification of the scattered light by an optical element and becomes an important data to take into consideration when designing telescopes. Standard BSDF measurement goniophotometers often have a resolution of about 0.1° and are mainly working in or close to the visible spectrum. This resolution is far too loose to characterize ultra-polished surfaces. Besides, wavelength range of BSDF measurements for space projects needs to be done far from visible range. How can we measure BSDF of ultra-polished surfaces and diffraction gratings in the UV and IR range with high resolution? We worked on developing a new goniophometer bench in order to be able to characterize scattering of ultra-polished surfaces and diffraction gratings used in everyday space applications. This ten meters long bench was developed using a collimated beam approach as opposed to goniophotometer using focused beam. Sources used for IR characterization were CO₂ (10.6μm) and Helium Neon (3.39μm) lasers. Regarding UV sources, a collimated and spatially filtered UV LED was used. The detection was ensure by a photomultiplier coupled with synchronous detection as well as a MCT InSb detector. The so-built BSDF measurement instrument allowed us to measure BSDF of ultra-polished surfaces as well as diffraction gratings with an angular resolution of 0.02° and a dynamic of 1013 in the visible range. In IR as well as in UV we manage to get 10⁹ with same angular resolution of 0.02°. The 1m arm and translation stages allows us to measure samples up to 200mm. Thanks to such a device allowing ultra-polished materials as well as diffraction gratings scattering characterization, it is possible to implement those BSDF measurements into simulation software and predict stray light issues. This is a big help for space industry engineers to apprehend stray light due to surface finishes and to delete those effects before the whole project is done. We are now thinking of possible improvement on our optical bench to try to get dynamic in IR and UV similar to what we have in visible range (e.g. 10¹³).

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Sakina Achour, Quentin Kuperman-Le Bihan, and Pierre Etcheto "Characterization of gratings for space applications", Proc. SPIE 10692, Optical Fabrication, Testing, and Metrology VI, 1069219 (15 June 2018); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312059

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KEYWORDS

Light scattering

Scattering

Diffraction gratings

Scatter measurement

Diffraction

Bidirectional reflectance transmission function

Visible radiation

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