Application Of Visual Psychophysics To The Design Of Video Systems For Use In Space

William E. Glenn; Karen G. Glenn

doi:10.1117/12.952729

15 August 1989 Application Of Visual Psychophysics To The Design Of Video Systems For Use In Space

William E. Glenn, Karen G. Glenn

Proceedings Volume 1077, Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display; (1989) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.952729
Event: OE/LASE '89, 1989, Los Angeles, CA, United States

Abstract

By the mid 1990's, high definition television (HDTV) is likely to be widely available to the American public. Also by this time, construction of the Space Station is expected to have begun. NASA's statutory mandate includes being able to transmit information, often in the form of video images, from the space station for distribution to the media for public viewing. Eight-bit encoding of full-bandwidth digitized HDTV images for transmission would require a bit-rate of about 1.2 Gigabits. The available bit-rate, however, is a factor of 10 less than this. Thus, bit-rate reduction schemes will be needed that compress the image, without impairing its quality. This requires a good understanding of the basic psychophysics of image sampling, in both spatial and temporal domains. In the spatial domain, we have conducted a series of two-alternative forced choice experiments to compare the sharpness of televised moving images sampled using cardinal or diagonal patterns, with reference images of varying resolution. Considerable savings in bit-rate transmissions is possible if the same apparent sharpness can be obtained with diagonal as with cardinal sampling. Studies are underway to determine the optimal sampling patterns and pre-and-post filtering characteristics to maximize sharpness with minimum sampling artifacts. Digital transmission also requires images that are sampled in time. Such sampling as well as scan conversion between different frame rates, can produce motion artifacts, such as "jutter". In the laboratory, we have studied discriminability of jutter using the drifting sine-wave gratings with known spatial and temporal characteristics.

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William E. Glenn and Karen G. Glenn "Application Of Visual Psychophysics To The Design Of Video Systems For Use In Space", Proc. SPIE 1077, Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display, (15 August 1989); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.952729

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KEYWORDS

Image resolution

Video

Signal processing

Visualization

Image processing

Visual system

Video processing

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