This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10839, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, Author and Conference Committee lists

Simultaneous realization of high-precision and universal detection of freeform surfaces is an important and urgent problem to be solved in optical inspection. To solve this problem, a Twyman-Gre e n interferometric optical probe in conjunction with a standard retroreflective spherical lens design is be proposed in this paper. The detection technology does not need to align the optical probe wit h the normal direction of the measured surface, and only two translational axes and one rotation axis are required for measurement, the location of the measured point is determined by the null interference fringes obtained by the interference of the reference light and the detection light, thereby obtaining the three-dimensional surface shape data of the measured surface. The basic parameters of the optical probe are determined by theoretical calculations and a mathematical model is established. The simulat ion was performed using matlab, and the feasibility of the system structure was verified by building experiments.

In order to realize high-precision measurement of spatial dynamic angle, a spatial dynamic angle measurement method based on machine vision is proposed. A high-precision two-axis servo system is installed onto the measured target. When the spatial angle of the measured target is changed, the servo system outputs the pitch angle and the azimuth angle by identifying and tracking the cooperative target。According to the spatial coordinate system transformation，the angle change value of the measured target can be obtained. The measurement accuracy of the spatial angle will be influenced by the accuracy of the tracking cooperative target with the servo system. A cross-patterned target board is designed based on the measured distance and the imaging system. Several major algorithms of detection are summarized. Their merits and demerits are analyzed by identifying and locating the center of captured image. The captured images are compared by the servo system controlled with these algorithms. The measurement results are solved by spatial coordinate transformation. According to the experimental results, a fast detection algorithm of target center in the real-time image processing is selected. High accuracy and good real-time performance of this method in processing the target image is demonstrated by calculating and comparing the results of each image processing algorithm, which satisfies the measured requirement of space dynamic angle.

In optical non-contact three-dimensional measurement, the reconstruction of complex objects requires the registration of multiple sets of measurement data. The Standard Iterative Closet Point(ICP) algorithm is a classical mathematical method for point cloud data registration in 3D laser scanning data processing. In order to improve the efficiency of registration, based on the ICP algorithm, a combination of kd-tree and extrapolation is used. The advantage of the improved registration algorithm becomes more obvious as the amount of point cloud is getting greater. Experimental results show that the running time of ICP algorithm is much larger (dozens of times) than that of the improved one, and the proposed algorithm has the advantages of fast speed and high accuracy.

In this paper, a method of feature extraction in three-dimensional data obtained by laser line structure light is investigated and implemented, for extracting the feature of key parts of locomotive bottom and the locomotive bolt is taken as an example for experimental testing. We use the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix as the features to cluster a number of ribbons, and then use the ISS (Intrinsic Shape Signatures) -based method to get the key points of data in each cluster. The key point is projected to the local surface which is fitted by the least square method based on the key point to form a smooth feature line. The results show that this method is effective, and the feature extraction of 3D point cloud image based on cluster analysis is feasible in railway environment.

With the problem of small field of view, high precision and difficulty in alignment for portable laser communication, the method and device based on measuring field of view in portable laser communication are designed and proposed. By calculating the link energy under the specified communication distance, the energy range of extensible field of view can be obtained. A high precision measuring device is designed. The actual test was carried out. The result shows that the receiving field of view for portable laser communication is 0.63mard under the condition of 1km communication distance and the sensitivity of detector -30dBm. The field of view for portable laser communication can be accurately measured by the test method and device. The test device can extend the measuring range of small field of view in different fields.

Based on the principle of the strap-down inertial navigation system and the attitude algorithm, a novel evaluation method is proposed. It could be used to effectively diagnostic the precision of the attitude algorithm. The experimental data including Algorithm 1 (N=2, P=0, optimal two-sample), Algorithm 2 (N=2, P=1) and Algorithm 3 (N=2, P=2) is recorded. The precision of the three algorithms is evaluated by calculating the relative error. In addition, the influence of the sampling frequency on the precision is investigated. The test results show that the precision of Algorithm 2 and Algorithm 3 is approximate; as the sampling frequency is improved from 1Hz to 20Hz, the precision of the attitude algorithm can research 0.08°. When choosing the attitude algorithm of the strap-down inertial navigation system, increasing the number of the sample not always depresses the coning error, improving the sampling frequency and using the former attitude to renew the number of the sample of the period could improve the precision of the attitude algorithm, further.

Researching the combustion process is important core contents in aviation, aerospace and energy engineering. And it has an important significance for the combustion researches to measure the physics parameters by combustion diagnosis and to acquire the 3D transient combustion distribution. Optical computerized tomography (OCT) applied in combustion diagnosis plays an important role in flow field diagnosis for its advantages of non-contact, real time, and 3D full-field measurements. The essence of CT is reconstructing the test field with projections from different directions. And the projections are independent to each other. Therefore, a multi-direction projections calibration should be performed before CT reconstruction, which can remap different projections to a unified coordinate to reduce the system errors from the installations and optical elements. Aiming at this problem, in this project, a multi-direction calibration method based on affine projection is proposed. By studying the affine projection theory, the calibration model was build based on single directional moiré tomographic system. Furthermore, the corresponding algorithm based on the calibration model is proposed. Finally, a multi-directional moiré tomographic system is built and combining with the calibration results for remapping the multi-directional projections, the 3D temperature distribution of the propane combustion flame was reconstructed.

The paper is about real-time compensating the time-skew and phase-mismatch in one of orthogonal polarizations of the 90° optical hybrid, which is a key module of heterodyne distributed acoustic sensing system.

In order to improve the accuracy of phase extraction in 3D surface profile measurement of fringe reflection, combined with the phase-shifting technology and the calibration method of plane calibration target, the phase extraction and calibration experiments are carried out based on the establishment of a complete detection system and a non-linear camera model. For a plane mirror with a diameter of 100mm and a thickness of 25mm, first, according to the calibration method of the plane calibration target, the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of camera are obtained; then, the images of the distortion stripes are obtained by the fringe reflection system, and they are corrected based on the camera calibration results; finally, the phase distribution before and after image correction is calculated by digital phase-shifting and phase unwrapping technique respectively. Experimental results show that the maximum phase extraction error is 0.1026 rad when only considering the second-order radial distortion coefficient: k₁=-0.06068, k₂=-0.09116.

Rectangular laser pulse has a steep rising and falling edge, and the time scale of the rising or falling rate can reach nanosecond, which is close to the single round-trip time of light traveling in the Fabry-Perot interferometer. When the falling edge of the rectangular laser pulse is incident to the Fabry-Perot interferometer, the reflection intensity of the Fabry-Perot interferometer drops down to zero or near-zero at some point due to the rapid decline of amplitude. Moreover, the reflected light intensity shows the different decline rates under the different phase difference of the light propagating through the Fabry-Perot interferometer before the build-up of steady state for multiple-beam interferences, which provides a new way of thinking for the new measurement technology of Fabry-Perot interferometer. In this paper, the time response of the reflection intensity of the Fabry-Perot interferometer is studied. The dependence of the reflection intensity and energy on the phase difference in the Fabry-Perot interferometer is obtained. By optimizing the parameters of the rectangular laser pulse and the Fabry-Perot interferometer, the sensitivity of the reflected light intensity to the phase difference of the Fabry-Perot interferometer could be improved.

In the Active Optical System, the precise measurement of the micro-displacement is the important evidence for the adjustment of the segmented mirrors and has great influence upon the full playing of the system’s optical performance. In this paper, both the median and adaptive filters are designed and simulated based on MatLab platform to remove the noises in the received signal of the micro-displacement sensor which has the features of low frequency, small amplitude and being susceptible to interference. The algorithms are also verified in the real micro-displacement measuring system. The results show that both of these two algorithms are effective and contribute to improve the system’s performance.

Microfabrication technology places very high demands on the accurate measurement of filament diameters. The application of non-contact photoelectric measurement methods based on FPGA to the measurement of filament diameter is very significant for obtaining the diameter of the filament to be measured quickly and accurately to improve the quality and production efficiency of the filament. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the laser scanning method and the diffraction method are firstly compared and analyzed. Based on this, a high-precision measurement method of filament diameter based on laser scanning and FPGA signal processing technology is proposed. Then, the system’s working principle, configuration of the hardware, and the algorithm of the signal processing based on FPGA were discussed. The factors affecting the accuracy of the measuring system are also analyzed and the corresponding solutions are given. At the same time, a program based on MATLAB GUI was also designed for the measurement results can be further processed and displayed in the host computer.

High shooting frequency weapons have the characteristics of high shooting frequency and fast initial speed. In order to achieve an effective test of its firing dispersion and initial speed, researching the firing dispersion and initial velocity test technology based on the laser screen. Putting forward the design of laser screen composed of line laser, laser detection array, light-source shaping system. The test principle and calculation model of impact point coordinate and initial velocity of projectile is given. Verified by ball firing, it is proved that the target can effectively meet the test demand of firing dispersion and initial speed of high shooting frequency weapons.

The monochromators, which are able to separate a specific wavelength light from a complex spectrum and a continuous spectrum light source, have been widely used in optical measurements. As one crucial specification, wavelength accuracy has always been a research theme for monochromator users around the world. When the monochromator is utilized for calibrating the wavelength in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions, low-pressure discharged lamps, such as mercury lamps, are usually employed to obtain wavelength deviations at certain wavelength points of atomic emission lines of lamps,which are well-known recognized. For the requirement of monochromator wavelength calibration, a light path based on the low-pressure discharged lamp method was constructed. Three strong radiation flux lines of the mercury lamps were selected and tested,whose wavelength values were 365.015 nm, 435.833 nm, and 546.075 nm. Meanwhile a new method based on continuous spectrum light source and Fourier transform spectrometer was proposed and light path was also built. Near the wavelength value points of the selected atomic emission lines of mercury lamp, a measurement experiment was performed both on the same monochromator and the same experimental conditions, and the wavelength deviation values of the monochromator was obtained. The consistency of the two methods was good, and the best repeatability error was better than 0.005nm. The work of this article is of positive for those measurement laboratories to select suitable approach to perform their monochromators wavelength calibrations.

The damage morphology information is crucially important for optical components to analysis laser-induced damage resistance. Because of complex configurations, some high-precision and high-resolution techniques have limitations to detect in-line damage sites. Thus, a modified lateral shearing interferometer is proposed to obtain three- dimensional damage morphology information. In the presented method, the original beam passing through damage sites is magnified by a microscope system, and separated by a parallel plate into two sub-beams. In the overlap region of the sub-beams, the interference pattern can be used to extract the damage morphology information. Systematic errors are also eliminated from obtained interferograms before and after pulse laser irradiation, respectively. Experimental results are presented to confirm the feasibility of the proposed lateral shearing interferometer for in-line damage morphology measurement.

With the ever-increasing use of optical products, the demand to precision of lens manufacturing is more and more strict. In order to improve the precision, we should not only improve the grinding technology, the more important one is the improvement of detecting technology. With the application of surface deviation detection method, we could improve the lens surface accuracy efficiently. In addition, how to finish the precision detection in harsh environment has a very important significance for outdoor debugging assembly and workshop online detection. In this essay, we introduced a synchronous phase shifting optical surface detection system on the basis of Tyman-Green interference light path. It will solve the problem that the system is affected by the environmental disturbance and decrease the detection precision. We used two-dimensional grating as light splitting component, the polarization matrix as the phase shifting element to realize the acquisition of four polarization images with fixed phase difference at the same time, which can eliminate the influence of the environmental disturbance and improve the detection accuracy by the software algorithm. In order to provide the conditions for the system to detect the lens in the harsh environment and the online detection of the lens in the workshop.

As motor vehicle exhaust emission causes more and more serious pollution in recent years, the natural environment and human health are facing great threats. It is of great significance to accurately measure the concentration of carbon monoxide, as one of the main pollutants of vehicle exhaust emissions. The detection system based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is featured by high resolution, high sensitivity and fast response. Besides, TDLAS can eliminate the interference of the remaining gas by using tunable and narrow linewidth characteristics of semiconductor lasers, and selecting the single absorption line of specific gas, and finally realize the gas concentration inversion of high precision. Based on TDLAS, the motor vehicle exhaust component CO concentration detection system was designed and realized by using DFB laser with the center wavelength of 2330nm and selecting the absorption lines of CO gas at 2333nm. The hardware composition and software design of the system were introduced. In the experiment, motor vehicle exhaust of different vehicles was collected, and spectrum data obtained through the system components were used for CO concentration inversion. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the system and reduce the detection limit of the system, the balance detection technology was used in the system. Experiments show that the system has excellent stability, and can ensure accurate inversion of concentration results, and meet the real-time on-line detection of vehicle exhaust CO concentration.

The non-invasive detection of blood glucose with the photoacoustic technique has attracted many attentions in the world. To study the effects of multiple factors on the photoacoustic detection of glucose, a Nd: YAG 532nm pumped optical parameters oscillator (OPO) pulsed laser induced photoacoustic detection system were established in this paper. The lateral model was used to capture the photoacoustic signals of glucose by using the ultrasonic transducer. In the system, several components about the effects of the influence factors were considered and designed. In the experiments of glucose aqueous solutions, the photoacoustic experiments about four different influence factors, i.e., concentrations, temperatures, laser energies and flow velocities were performed. Not only the relationships between each factor and the photoacoustic detection of glucose were built, but also the coupled relationship model between the multiple factors on the concentration of glucose was also established by using the partial least square algorithm. Results show that the photoacoustic peak-to-peak value of glucose linearly increases with the glucose’s concentration, laser’s energy and temperature, but decreases with the increasing of flow velocity. Moreover, the glucose concentration prediction accuracy is improved with the increasing of laser’s energy. At the same time, it was found that the influences of glucose concentration and laser energy on the photoacoustic detection of glucose are larger than that of the temperature and flow velocity. Finally, the concentration prediction model of coupled several factors has good prediction effect.

Recently, with the rapid development of unmanned vehicles, When laser radar is used in road graphing of unmanned vehicles, due to the height limitation of the vehicle, the angle between the detection axis of the laser radar and the normal line of the road surface is large, and the probe beam is in a grazing incidence state, which is close to the normal incidence of the conventional laser radar. There is a big difference in detection imaging. This difference has a crucial impact on the rangefinder imaging capabilities of Laser Radar, but to best of the authors’ knowledge, there has not been any papers published studying with this particular working condition. In this paper, we are the first to establish the simulation model of the laser radar ranging signal based on the principle of light transmission delay, and obtains the influence curve of laser oblique incidence, road roughness, and pit package on the laser echo waveform by numerical calculation. Based on this, an experimental system for testing the ranging signal of the laser radar at high angle incidence conditions was established on the prototype of a single-line laser radar, and the laser echo waveforms under different incident angles and road surface conditions were tested. The curves in the numerical analysis have a good consistency, which verifies the correctness of the theoretical model. In addition, it shows that the model we proposed is an effective tool for quantitatively analyzing the influence of pavement characteristics on the laser echo signal under large-angle incident conditions.

For the spectrum overlapping problem caused by the fundamental frequency component and the zero-frequency component in the Fourier Transform Profilometry (FTP), a new method based on Two-Dimensional Variational Mode Decomposition (2DVMD) is proposed to extract the fundamental frequency components, and it can adaptively decompose the fringe pattern into background part and fringe part. Comparing 2DVMD method and Bidmensional Empirical Mode Decomposition (BEMD) method in zero-frequency components removing, it is found that 2DVMD method can perfectly separate the fundamental frequency component from the zero-frequency component and can extract the fundamental frequency information completely, thus avoiding the loss of the fundamental frequency information caused by filtering. Then the inverse Fourier transform and the phase unwrapping algorithm are performed to the extracted fundamental frequency component, it can effectively recover the abrupt change information of the measured object. Numerical simulations and experimental results show that the FTP based on 2DVMD method can reconstruct the details of the measured object more effectively than the FTP based on filtering method.

The snapshot image mapping spectrometer (IMS) is a hyper-spectral imaging system that simultaneously captures spatial and spectral information about an object in a single integral time. The spectral calibration can help to obtain accurate 3D datacube of the objects. This paper proposes a new approach to improve the spectral calibration accuracy of the instrument. By adding a slit mask into the optical path to reduce crosstalk, the accuracy of each sub pupil center and spectral channel location can be improved. The calibration process is simulated to analyze the effects of the size and position designed for the mask. The analysis results show that the calibration accuracy of each sub pupil center position and spectral channel position for IMS is 3μm, which is significantly improved than the calibration accuracy 10.5μm without the mask.

The hardware-in-the-loop simulation is widely used in laser semi-active guidance weapon experiments,the authenticity of the laser signal is the key problem in the simulation system.Due to the limitations of the simulation devices, the energy distribution of the jamming laser was uneven.In order to assess the impact of the optical homogeneity,combining the application of simulation,the far-field energy distribution was measured.By optical simulation and actual test,according the receiving optical system entrance pupil,the effect on the beam quality to the simulation result was analyzed. By comparing the different working state between actual condition and hardware-in-the-loop simulation,the output of laser seeker and laser guided weapon trajectory were obtained, the influence of the uneven signal was analyzed.In conclusion it was pointed out that the difference between simulation system and actual system has little influnece on laser jamming. The research is helpful to design and evaluation of laser guided weapon simulation.

In the satellite-to-ground laser communication, the beacon light is affected by atmospheric turbulence, atmospheric scattering and atmospheric absorption, so there is a coupling error. And the receiving end of ATP system is affected by random disturbance which lead to the initial coupling place change. The above reasons resulting in the fiber coupling energy decline. The efficiency of fiber coupling directly affects the success rate of decoding, so it is important to improve the efficiency of fiber coupling. This paper uses a tilt mirror which has cheaper cost and simple structure compared to wavefront corrector as the actuator for optical fiber coupling alignment and use the two-dimensional stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm (SPGD algorithm) widely used in the field of adaptive optics to correct the coupling errors caused by atmospheric turbulence and random disturbance at the receiving end. The SPGD algorithm is affected by the initial coupling position, when the initial coupling position is unreasonable, the SPGD algorithm cannot be used for effective coupling. Therefore, the CCD camera is used as a position sensor to obtain a reasonable initial coupling position and improve the fiber coupling efficiency of the system.

Obstacle detection and location are the key points of path planning and autonomous walking of indoor robot. Laser radar is one of the best sensors for robot to perceive the external environment. In this paper, we studies single-line laser radar to acquire point cloud data, establishes a 2D indoor environment map and achieves the location of indoor robot. And we establish a new point cloud data clustering model which is based on adaptive threshold to detect obstacle on the path. The experiment is based on single-line laser radar, and we have established an experimental system for laser detection of obstacles in indoor robots. The experimental results of scanning and imaging typical indoor scenes show that obstacles can be correctly identified by the above algorithms. Therefore, an effective method has been explored for the obstacle detection and location of indoor robots based on radar.

The wavefront reconstruction of the preconditioned conjugate-gradient method and the Fourier transform method in the lateral shearing interferometry are discussed for their feasibility and accuracy in this paper. The numerical simulation study on the accuracy of both the wavefront reconstruction method under ideal situation and under the simulated noisy situation is also introduced. Simulation experiments show that the preconditioned conjugate-gradient method has better anti-noise performance, and provides higher precision for discontinuous phase wavefront reconstruction. The two-grating lateral shearing interference experiment is carried out to verify the simulated results based on both the preconditioned conjugate-gradient method and the Fourier transform method.

Frequency scanning interferometry is an ideal absolute distance measurement method with high-precision, noncooperative target measurement capability and no blind spot in the measurement. By increasing the sweep bandwidth, high range resolution and accuracy can be achieved, and a higher signal-to-noise ratios of the measurement target can be obtained with the use of heterodyne interferometry technology. The Doppler frequency shift caused by environmental vibration and other factors will reduce the accuracy of the frequency scanned interferometry under realistic conditions. To eliminate the dynamic error caused by the Doppler frequency shift, this paper proposes a large-bandwidth reversesynchronous synchronous frequency scanning interferometry method based on two external cavity tunable lasers. In order to improve the precision of dynamic frequency scanning interferometry, a signal-mixing equal-frequency resampling method is proposed in this paper to simultaneously eliminate the non-linear of the two cavity tunable lasers.The method has been verified through the frequency scanning interferometry analysis of the vibration target and the moving target. This paper compares the accuracy of the proposed method in this paper and the existing method under different signal-to-noise ratios. The results show that the proposed method has higher measuring accuracy than the existing method when measuring the non-cooperative target. For the moving target, this paper proposes a method to complete real-time distance measurement of the target through extracting phase, and the method has been verified through the simulation of the moving target

Digital holographic microscopy is a new real-time 3D measurement technique, which is designed and installed by optical holography, microscopic imaging and optical information processing. Compared with the traditional optical holography, CCD camera is used instead of the conventional silver to record holograms, and it is reconstructed by digital reference wave-front. Firstly, based on optical holographic principle, the optical system of digital holographic microscopy is designed. And then, the technical parameter of the key optical elements is analyzed, and its whole mechanical fixed structure is designed using SOLIDWORKS software. Lastly, the experiment device is installed, and the steady holograms are obtained by CCD camera. Based on the reliable digital holograms, the digital reconstructed software is developed by Visual C++ 2010. And the corresponding programming modules are debugged, for example FFT computing module, angular spectrum method module, 3D surface display module, and so on. Finally, micro-lens array is used as contrast experiment sample under-test, the perfect phase data can be obtained through the developed hardware and software of digital holographic microscopy, and also, well intensity image of sinusoidal grating, scratch, cicada moth and onion epidermal is acquired in the trial experiments.

Specular gloss is the perception by an observer of the mirror-like appearance of a surface. The primary gloss standard and glossmeter of China is maintained in Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology (SIMT), which were originally developed in 1998. Recently, the instrument has been updated in several aspects, such as source arm, optical system and sample holder. The experiments and intercomparison measurements have been performed. The measurement results validate the measurement accuracy of our improved instrument.

Active optical technology used in large-caliber astronomical telescope depends on micro displacement sensors capable of real-time data processing. Proposed for a kind of differential capacitance micro-displacement sensor, a multi-channel digital filter based on a wavelet transform is designed in this paper to remove noise and gain a clean output signal. This algorithm includes: 1. From the multi-channel wavelets and refinement equation, a multi-channel filter bank is established and thus a down-sampling of M can be made to improve the real-time performance of the filter. 2. Based on the above, filter coefficients are truncated to integers by the way of wavelet lifting scheme. 3. An efficient iterative method is adopted to improve the wavelet decomposition process and simplify the algorithm itself. Through combining the above three methods, the computation amount of the multiplication and rms in the entire filtering process is reduced greatly, which leads to saving of the hardware resource and reducing of the computation time and benefits the designing of the real-time filter on FPGA platform in future. Verified by Matlab, the algorithm described in this paper achieves good noise processing capability.

World Health Organization(WHO) estimates that, there will be 300 million diabetics all over the world in 2025. The real-time monitoring and detecting of blood glucose level can prevent the occurrence of complications. Optical coherence tomography(OCT) provides high resolution images of the internal tissue structure based on the principle of low coherent interferometry. The change of glucose concentration in human blood mainly affects the scattering coefficient of the dermis layer. Therefore, The image of dermis layer of the finger skin tissue obtained by OCT to establish the relationship between the blood glucose concentration and the scattering coefficient. Due to the random thickness of various layers of the skin, the information of dermis layer can not be extracted accurately by average A-scan signals in B-scan image by aligning the skin surface. Therefore, the initial location of the dermis layer of each A-scan signal was accurately extracted by using image segmentation method. Based on the location of the dermis layer, all A-scan signals were aligned by dermis layer surface to obtain dermis layer information and scattering coefficients by averaging. The results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed that, compared the method of extracting the dermis layer by aligning the dermis layer surface with aligning the skin surface, the correlation between the scattering coefficient and the blood glucose value was increased from 0.1778 to 0.8470, and the predicted error was decreased from 1.4359 to 0.6193. Therefore, it is better to predict the blood glucose value by accurately selecting the dermis layer , which is a new method for non-invasive blood glucose detecting.

With the development of LED technology research, more and more UV LED light sources have been used in UV curable coatings industry, instead of traditional UV lamps. Compared with the traditional UV fluorescent lamps, UV LEDs have many advantages, such as single peak, more energy saving, longer life, less thermal diffusivity. In the process of actual application, we need to monitor the intensity and energy of UV LED light sources regularly; therefore it is very important to make sure that the ultraviolet energy meter we adopted is accurate. In this paper, we firstly introduce our UV energy meter calibration device. We obtain the relative spectral distribution of UV LEDs and traditional curing UV light sources through spectrometer. By the analysis of spectral differences between the two, combined with the standard ultraviolet energy meter spectral response curve, we improve the measurement method to adapt to UV LED energy meters calibration. In this paper, the attention in the relevant calibration method is put forward for the characteristics of UV LEDs and the corresponding measurement uncertainty analysis is also evaluated to provide guidance for daily calibration.

In an aberration measurement for the lithographic projection lens based on the lateral shear interferometry, stage needs move tens of nanometers to do phase motion, and move tens of millimeters to shift field points. But the stage met the both requirements is very expensive. Usually using a fine stage fold on a coarse stage to meet the both requirements. Whereas this method has a difficult to overcome since the both stages hardly keep the same motion direction. This article proposes a method to measure the angle between the stages motion direction based on the dual-frequency laser interferometer by respectively moving the both stages and flowing the 45 degrees. The measurement accuracy able reach the 0.10 mrad and meet the aberration measurement requirement.

In the electro-optical pod, the dynamic range is an important performance index of photo detector. The low dynamic range (LDR) can cause saturation at high end or compression at low end, which directly leads to the loss of information. In order to improve the dynamic range of photo detector, it introduces the dual channel scientific complementary metal oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) in this article, which adjusts the gain level of two imaging channels according to the scene and illumination, and then performs the procedure of image synthesis in each pixel. After making a further research of the imaging principle of dual channel monochrome sCMOS, it mainly studies the relationship between the dynamic range and the gain level. Through calibrating radiation response curve by adapting different gain level, the paper has verified the dynamic range of this dual channel monochrome sCMOS and provides a theoretical basis for the application of it in different scenarios.

In order to solve the problem of the poor real-time measurements caused by using hyperspectral imaging spectrometers in previous work and simplify the system structure, a three-channel filter-based non-imaging passive ranging system based on oxygen absorption is designed. In this system, there are three independent spectral measurement channels, which are corresponded to the oxygen A absorption band and its left and right non-absorption band shoulders respectively, and there is a sighting telescope for aiming at the target. Optical axis parallelism calibration between each spectral measurement channel and the aiming optical path is critical to ranging accuracy of this passive ranging system. A digital self-collimation optical axis parallelism calibration method is proposed. In this method, optical axis of the spectral measurement channel is drew out by a rhombic prism in parallel, and then reversed by a cube-corner prism into the aiming telescope. Both the focal plane of the spectral measurement channel and the cross reticle of the aiming telescope are imaged in the same CCD camera, the optical axis non-parallel error is measured by comparing the position of image center of the focal plane of the spectral measuring channel and the cross reticle of the aiming telescope. Then by adjusting the attitude of the spectral measurement channel until the center of the two images coincide, the optical axis parallelism can be calibrated. Potential errors of this calibration method are analyzed, and it is concluded that the precision is less than 2″, and the feasibility and accuracy of this method are verified by experiments.

This paper focuses on the irradiance metrology of single LED. In reference to the latest domestic and international standard, the method is based on the current dissemination system of LED. We study on the similarities and differences between traditional radiation standard lamps and the LED light source. As a result, the color compensation factor is added and an accurate and reliable measurement system for single LED irradiation is established. The uncertainty of the measurement results is evaluated while the measurement results are obtained through experiments.

The common methods for measuring the consistency of optical axis of multispectral and multi optical axis optoelectronic system are introduced in detail in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods are analyzed in detail. For the latest test requirements for the multi optical axis consistency of the current photoelectric system, a set of new test schemes for measuring the consistency of the laser emission axis and the sight axis, ant the laser receiving axis and the sight axis are designed. The device can also test the detection sensitivity and resolution of photoelectric system. The shortcoming of the old scheme, that can not be tested for laser receiving optical axis consistency , is soved. The design results show that the whole testing system meets the development trend of automation and lightweight, possessing extensive application prospect of optical axis consistency testing system.

In complex phase-shift interferometry, an adaptive phase algorithm based on complex vibration environment is proposed. The phase shift amount calculation of two or more interferometric images could be achieved by self-adaptive phase-shift algorithm (SPA), a closed-loop feedback system is constructed to adaptively correct the characteristic phase shift amount in which the phase shift step length is a set value, thereby realizing self-correction of the phase shift error. According to the actual examinations, the single-step phase shift error is less than π/50, and PV and RMS values of plane objects were obtained respectively better than λ/20 and λ/100. Additionally, the feasibility of the algorithm and the self-adaptive correction system for complex vibration environment were verified. The results show that the proposed method achieves high-speed and high-precision phase-shift extraction, greatly reducing the phase shift error caused by vibration interference, and the overall operation of measurement process is simple relatively.

When measuring the surface shape of parallel plate glass by phase-shifting interferometry, three groups of interference fringes (front surface and reference mirror, rear surface and reference mirror, front and rear) will occur in the field of view of the interferometer simultaneously, resulting in the failure of the measurement. Therefore, the coherence length of the light source should be smaller than the optical path difference of the front and rear surfaces. The parallel plate thin glass produces in large quantities in the industrial production, which requires that the contrast of interference fringes is greater than 50% in a certain optical path in order to improve the detection efficiency and reduce the complexity of the adjustment. Therefore, the coherence length of light source should not be too short. The classical formula ( ΔL = λ² / Δλ ) for calculating the coherence length derived from the light source whose spectral intensity is rectangular distribution. For other distributions, the formula can only describe the relationship between the coherence length and the bandwidth qualitatively, but the cutoff depth and the interference fringe contrast distribution cannot be determined. In this paper, the problem of coherence length and contrast distribution are studied and two new concepts of coherence length equivalent and contrast relative half-height-width are proposed which are used to characterize the coherence of the light source. The coherence length equivalent can quickly calculate the cutoff coherence length. The contrast relative half-height-width represents the length of the optical path when the contrast is 50%, when the cutoff coherence length of different spectral distributions is constant. In this thesis, the interference fringes of several typical light source distributions (Gaussian, Cosine, trapezoidal) are modeled, and the corresponding coherence length equivalents and contrast relative half-height-width are calculated to provide guidance for the selection of light sources and the design of interferometers.

High-precision cold atomic interferometry requires a large flux of cold atomic groups, the length of 2D-MOT largely influences the number of cold atomic clusters in the 3D-MOT flux.The longer the 2D-MOT length, the longer the interaction of the atoms with the light field, so that the trajectory of the atom impinges on the inlet of the differential pump tube so that its divergence is small enough to reach the tube, but the length of 2D-MOT is not the longer,the better.There are two reasons for this: first, higher atomic flux and faster atoms are trapped as the length of 2D-MOT increases, resulting in an increase in the number of collisions between lateral radicals.Second, the average speed in the atomic beam increases.Above an optimum MOT length every increase in length will only add faster atoms to the beam, thus increasing the value for the mean velocity.In summary, choosing the best 2D-MOT length plays a key role in getting the number of cold radicals entering 3D-MOT.In this paper, through mathematical modeling and finite element analysis,2D-MOT race-track anti-Helmholtz coils are numerically calculated.Analyzing the distribution of zero magnetic field for coils of different lengths and zero drift and magnetic field gradient changes caused by the error of asymmetrical coil position , the number of uniform turns and parallelism in the process of processing and assembly.The result provides reliable theoretical guidance for the design and manufacture of the magnetic field system of 2D-MOT high-precision cold-atom interferometers.

In optical testing, such as the fringe reflection technology and Shack-Hartman wavefront sensor technology, slope of a surface is measured instead, from which the faithful surface of the test optic is obtained. Therefore, a gradient data-based wavefront reconstruction is needed. This paper shows the use of the Gram-Schmidt process for orthonormalizing the gradients of the two-dimensional Legendre polynomials. After a set of orthonormalized vector polynomials is generated in a square region, these polynomials can be used to fit the gradient data in the region. By a simple linear transformation, the fitting coefficients can be derived and transformed to the wavefront description of the two-dimension Legendre polynomials, and the wavefront and primary aberration are then obtained. Based on the zonal method, this can effectively reconstruct the high-frequency component by fitting the difference of the high-frequency error, which cannot be done by polynomial fitting. According to the computer simulation, this algorithm can primely realize the reconstruction of wavefront.

Surface defects on large-aperture optical elements are one of the key factors to restrain the improvement of performance of high-power laser systems. Detecting and characterizing accurately these defects are an important basis for optical elements manufacturing and system performance evaluation. Based on the principle of transient interferometry, a measurement setup used to detect the three-dimensional features of surface defects is reported in this paper. We also propose a template matching and stitching algorithm for interferometric images obtained by the system: Firstly, determining whether the interference images have enough features to complete the stitching work; secondly, selecting the stitching template in the area where the template image needed to be stitched; Finally, searching for the template in the stitched image, and calculating the relative offset of these two images according to the relative position of the template to complete the stitching work. Through simulation analysis and actual image obtained by the measurement system verification, the proposed algorithm has the advantages of good noise resistance and high mosaic accuracy. Moreover, it has a positive significance for the study of transient interferometry detection.

In this paper, there is a control system which has a strict requirement on the system load and a limited installation space for the sensors. According to the conditions of this system, the scheme by only installing a group of angular position sensors on this system is proposed. Nevertheless, the tracking performance of the system is limited by the time delay of the CCD, the traditional feedback control methods cannot meet the requirements of the system tracking accuracy. The feedforward method can theoretically improve the tracking performance without affecting the dynamic performance of the system. Unfortunately, the feedforward control method requires accurate target state information, and the CCD can only detect the light-of-sight error of the target. Therefore, we propose recovering the target trajectory by combining LOS errors from the CCD and the platform angular position from the angular position sensors, and adding a position feedforward to the system based on a dual-closed loop of angular position sensors and CCD. In addition, there is bad noise in the target state information obtained by the fusion. Then, a Kalman filter is used in this paper to filter and estimate the target state information. Essentially, the Kalman filter is the feedforward controller of the system. In order to design a better feedforward controller, a frequency-domain analysis method for the time-domain filters is proposed. The methods proposed in this paper are verified trough simulations and experiments.

Diffraction efficiency and its uniformity are both the important performance indicators of a large-aperture pulse compression grating (PCG), and their accurate measurement is of great importance for evaluating the performance of a PCG and improving the manufacturing technique of a PCG. In this paper, based on the traditional double beam photometric measuring framework, and in combination with synchronously scanning in two-dimension the optical fiber and the detector (small size, light weight), fast measurement for the diffraction efficiency and its uniformity of a largeaperture PCG was realized. Experimental result shows that for a PCG in the size of 1400×430 mm, when the sampling intervals in both the horizontal and the vertical directions are 10 mm, the whole measurement takes about 3 hours, and a repeatability error of about 0.1% is obtained with the corresponding experiment. Compared with the currently popular measuring strategy by scanning the large-aperture PCG (large size, heavy weight), our proposed measurement system has the advantages of significantly increasing the data acquisition speed, and reducing the cost of system construction, meanwhile the safety loophole is greatly eliminated.

For the difficulty of measuring thin film thickness, a method of thin film thickness measurement based on laser heterodyne interferometry is proposed. Thin film difference of this method is generated by the relative optical path difference of Michelson interference light path with principle of heterodyne interference. The thickness is got by precision displacement table in line-by-line scaning. The shift of measurement system is about 8nm with constant temperature. Average deviation of measuring results is about 5nm. The comparison with ellipsometer shows the correctness of the method.

In this paper, the radial refractive index change of the grin lens is measured based on the principle of Mach-Zehnder interference. Using an image sensor to obtain experimentally detected images, the computer-derived interference pattern is subjected to grayscale stretching and filtering, and then the center position of the interference ring and the distance between the interference rings are determined to obtain the refraction of the grin lens. The rate changes. Through experiments, the actual samples of different thicknesses were tested, and the measurement accuracy can reach 10^-4.

Active optics is a wave surface correction technology, which is used to eliminate deformation caused by gravity and temperature. The measurement of the micro displacement between sub-mirrors of large astronomical telescope is the key to automatic adjustment of the active optical system. In this paper, for a differential capacitive micro displacement sensor, the functions of each main module are realized through the designing of the software of FPGA and network microcontroller, which includes the modules of the capacitive-driving signal generation based on FPGA, the controlling module of demodulator ADA2200, A/D conversion module of analog signal, data transmission module via Ethernet based on MCU W7100A. The actual debugging shows that these modules achieved the expected function and lay a good foundation for the operation of the micro displacement sensor system.

Shear interferometer measurement method is one of main techniques in optical interferometry metrology. A shearing interferometric detection system is presented in order to obtain the three- dimensional profile of wavefront. A aperture and chessboard grating were used to divide the measured wavefront into four wavefronts, and two coherent wavefronts form an interferogram. The theoretical model of shearing interferometric detection system based on Fourier Optics and light intensity transmission equation is structured. According to the Fourier transform algorithm, an algorithm of shear interferogram processing is presented. Finally, the measured wavefront can be reconstructed. The transient wavefront detection system was applied to reconstruct the transient wavefront automatically. Experiments show that the apparatus offers higher accuracy, which satisfies the need for the practical applications. The measured results are in good agreement with the reconstructed wavefronts from SID4 wavefront sensor. The system can be applied to transient wavefront reconsitution.

This work presents the influence of polarization orientation on bulk damage performance of type I doubler KDP crystals under different wavelengths pulses exposure. Pinpoints densities (PPD) and the size distribution of pinpoints are extracted through light scattering pictures. The obtained results strongly indicate that the measured PPD as a function of the fluence are both wavelength and polarization orientation related, while neither fluence nor polarization orientation affect the size distribution of pinpoints. We also find that the bulk damage characteristics can divide into three sorts with respect to the wavelength, suggesting the existence of different species of precursors and different mechanisms responsible for bulk damage initiation in SHG KDP crystals.

High-speed camera technique is widely applied to study various explosion processes and principle. As one of the applications, a MEMRECAM HX-7 high speed camera is combined with a HX-3 high speed camera to simultaneously test the explosion process of an analog smoke projectile filled with carbon-based smoke agent. The MEMRECAM HX-7 high speed camera is used to monitor the forming process of the original smoke cloud, which highest resolution is 5 mega pixels, the maximum speed reaches 200 thousands fps, the photographic speed reaches 2000 fps when the resolution is 1920×1080. In comparison, the MEMRECAM HX-3 high speed camera is used to record the breaking process of the projectile’s shell, which has a higher photographic speed and sensitivity, the maximum speed reaches 1.3 million fps, the photographic speed reaches 50000 fps when the resolution is 448×328. By the experimental results, the explosion process of the smoke projectile may be simultaneously recorded by the two high speed cameras at 50000fps and 2000fps. By the analysis on sequence images, the expansion and breaking process of the projectile’s shell has been observed while the explosion forming process of the original smoke cloud is clearly observed.

When an object is illuminated by an incoming light described by a Stokes vector, the outgoing light scattered, reflected or transmitted from the object is modulated and its polarization property can be expressed by another Stokes vector. The transformation relation between the incoming and the outgoing Stokes vectors is called the Mueller matrix. The Mueller matrix completely characterizes the optical properties of the light scattered or transmitted from the object, including the diattenuation, the retardance and the depolarization. So, how to measure the Mueller matrix efficiently and accurately becomes considerably significant for its practical applications. We propose a new method for Mueller matrix fast acquisition based on a division-of-aperture simultaneous polarimetric imaging technique. Traditional methods for obtaining the 16 elements of the Mueller matrix require at least 16 polarimetric measurements. While in our method it is enough by just changing the states of polarization (SOPs) of the input light 4 times. These time-saving and easy calculating features are contributed to our specific polarimetric camera, where a full-Stokes vector is obtained easily since 3 linear SOPs (0°, 45°, 90°) and 1 circular SOP can be recorded simultaneously by sharing the same detector. To simply verify the effectiveness of our method, polarizers (45°, 90°), and quarter-wave plates (0°, 45°) are chosen as samples to be measured. Experimental results show that they are consistent with the theoretical results, both in the Mueller matrix and the corresponding images. We predict that this method for Mueller matrix rapid acquisition can get wide potential applications.

In order to meet the requirements of high precision and high resolution in industrial inspection, this article designed a set of UV double-telecentric lenses with wide spectrum, low distortion, low magnification, and high resolution according to market requirements. Its design requirements are: UV dual-telecentric lens with working wavelength of 240nm-320nm, working distance of 98.7mm, working F number of 8, telecentricity of less than 1°, magnification of 0.241, and total system length of less than 160mm. This design takes into account the combination of cost and image quality, and finally adopts a global surface transmissive and non-glued solution. The system adopts double Gaussian as the initial structure, uses Zemax optical software to design; analyzes the tolerances of the design results based on the process requirements, determines the source of the tolerance error, and optimizes the related structure, finally designing the full-field modulation transfer function. (MTF) UV double-telecentric lens with diffraction limit up to 0.08% distortion. Compared with other UV systems, this system has the advantages of high imaging quality, high resolution, low distortion, and good telecentricity.

Most visual measurement systems obtain the position of a point target in 3-dimensional (3D) space by analyzing 2- dimensional (2D) images. However, due to the large size of image data, the traditional visual measurement systems based on area-array cameras are difficult to measure high-speed movement of point targets. In this paper, a point target measurement method based on ultra-sparse images and linear targets is proposed. The designed linear target is arranged near the point target, and the ultra-sparse images contain linear target information are extracted a few columns with a multi-region of interest (ROI) area camera, then the coordinates of the point target in the 2D image can be solved from the ultra-sparse image, and the measurement of the spatial position of the point can be achieved. The data size of ultrasparse image is small. Thus, the data acquisition speed of the visual measurement system can be greatly promoted. In this paper, two types of linear targets are designed, and the related principle is presented. The correctness of the methods is verified using actual experiments. At the same time, the measurement accuracy of the method is compared with the traditional method.

For some extreme environment, such as vibration and shock during rocket launching or ultralow temperature in tank of cryogenic propellant, some key technology of the optical measurement device used in liquid oxygen tank of carrier rocket have been researched. In order to obtain a light-weight, high-stiffness and large-heat resistance main board structure for optical measurement device, a thermo-mechanical topology optimization technique is introduced into the main board structure design of optical measurement device for improving the designing quality. Compared with that before the optimization the main board structure reduces weight loses 46.8 percent with the first-order natural frequency above 420 Hz. The numerical results indicate that after adopting the topologic optimization design method, not only the design course is shortened, but also the main board structure weight is effectively reduced, heat resistance is effectively increased and the capability of the main board structure is enhanced. The extreme temperature test results show that the method is effective.

Field of view is a principle parameter of the push-broom imaging spectrometer which mainly affects its working efficiency. Integration of multiple sub-modules with smaller field of view is an optional solution to gain wider field of view. An approach for field registration and test for multi-module imaging spectrometer is presented. A single beam is reflected by multiple angle-tunable mirrors into multiple beams with different directions, which then enter the multimodule imaging spectrometer. Thus, one sub-module responses to lights with multiple incident angles simultaneously. A field registration platform is designed, which includes a collimating beam simulator, a multi-field beam generator, and an instrument support frame. The collimating beam simulator is composed of a collimator, an illuminant source, and a twodimensional shift pinhole target placed in the collimator focal plane. The multi-field beam generator is composed of a rotary table and multiple angle-tunable mirrors. The postures and the numbers of the mirrors are determined by the field registration requirement of the multi-module imaging spectrometer. Field registration is operated by monitoring the pixel response of the sub-module detector, and is tested by the two-dimensional shift of the pinhole target. Field registration was implemented on the platform for an airborne multi-module imaging spectrometer. Test result showed that the field registration is less than 0.2 pixels. Flight data of the imaging spectrometer demonstrated its good field registration alignment, which verified the engineering feasibility and value of the field registration approach.

In order to meet the increasing demand for the diagnosis of household medical eye fundus, the design of a new fundus camera is proposed. The entire structure includes the imaging system and the lighting system. The optical imaging system, modeled on the Kepler telescope, matches the exit pupil of the human eye and the entrance pupil of the mobile phone camera. Thus, this system uses a mobile camera lens that owns more than 5 million pixels to take a picture of a clear fundus. A new type of fundus camera is designed with the field of 40°, the working distance of 30mm and the full length of 138 mm. The value of MTF outweighs 0.5 at the central field of view. The lighting system takes advantage of the Kohler illumination. The stray light of the reflection of corneal is effectively suppressed by adding an annular aperture on the optical path. The inner diameter of the annular light spot formed at the cornea was larger than 4mm, the outer diameter was less than 6mm, and the diameter of the evenly illuminated fundus area was 12mm.

The detection of defects is one of the most crucial aspects of the manufacturing industry. There are many methods in the aspects of defects detection on the specular surface. However, in some cases, the detection results may be disturbed by the dusts on the specular surface. In this paper, a method which is based on the polarized structured-light illumination is proposed to detect the defects of specular surface with eliminating dusts. A linear polarizer is added to the structuredlight illumination system, and by controlling the polarization direction of the polarizer the dusts can be detected separately and removed in the end. Experiment results proved the effectiveness of the proposed method.

A new noncontact detection method has been proposed in order to solve the problem that the accuracy of complex freeform surface detection is not high enough and the Poor adaptability, which using optical probe with standard reflective spherical shell lens of Tyman-Green interferometer. The probe is made up by laser beam, convergent lens, diaphragm and standard reflective spherical shell lens. The laser beam is converged to a guass focus, which is overlapped with the centre of the inner surface of translucent spherical shell. Ideally, the beam is converged onto the surface of the lens and reflected to the inner surface of the spherical shell, then returned to the original path. Wave front information, when the focal point is located at a different position of the detected surface including defocus, over-focus, and ideal focus, was obtained by ZEMAX. The longitudinal positioning accuracy of the surface is discussed and proved to 100nm, which is carried out by preliminary analysis of wavefront information.

Based on the measurement principle of laser triangulation, error affecting factors considering the surface characteristics of measured object (including inclination angle, incident rotation angle, incident swing angle, etc.) is analyzed. The influence rules of error sources on the detection accuracy of the system are discussed, and a compensation algorithm for improving the detection accuracy is worked out. Taking the calibration of standard bar geometry center as an example, the measured values in machine reference frame are obtained through the coordinate conversion, and three calibration schemes are formulated: 1) When the measuring plane of the laser sensor is vertical and parallel to the axial direction of the standard rob respectively (that is, the installation rotation angles are 0° and 90° respectively), the laser sensor scans horizontally within the measurement range, the laser sensor measurement is used as the measurement value, and after obtaining the compensation from the above compensation algorithm, the standard rod center coordinates are obtained; 2) The position of the laser sensor is stable at the measurement center distance of the laser (that is, the displacement is 0), the displacement grating value of the coordinate measuring instrument is read as the measured value, and the standard bar center coordinates is obtained through the coordinate transformation theory; The accuracy of the above three measurement schemes is compared, the feasibility and accuracy of the theory are verified, which lays a foundation for the research and development of the measurement system.

The electron temperature and density of air plasma hold important meanings for researching the process of laser-induced air breakdown plasma. In this paper, a TEM 00 Q Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm is used. When the laser is focused on the atmosphere, it will produce a plasma flash. The spectrum of the resulting air breakdown plasma is collected using a Avantes-ULS3648 spectrometer with nine separate channels. Changes in electron temperature and density of the plasma at different delay times are studied by spectral analysis. According to the spectrum of a given element with different peak positions, the electron temperature of the plasma can be obtained by employing the intensity comparative method, and the electron density of the plasma can be obtained by invoking the Stark broadening method. It was found that both the temperature and density of the air plasma decrease with increasing of the delay time. Such results maintain a high degree scientific significance for improving the accuracy and precision of on-line measurements in the atmospheric environment.

Publisher’s Note: This paper, originally published on 18 January 2019, was retracted from the SPIE Digital Library on 24 April 2019 upon verification that an incomplete draft of the paper was submitted and published in which text and figures were omitted, and figures were adapted or copied from the following publications without attribution:

Figure 1: Christian Rothleitner, “Ultra-high Precision, Absolute, Earth Gravity Measurements,” Dissertation, Universitat Erlangen-Nuremberg, Fig. 2.3, page 28 (June 2008).

Figure 4: S Svitlov, P Masłyk, Ch Rothleitner, H Hu, and L J Wang, “Comparison of three digital fringe signal processing methods in a ballistic free-fall absolute gravimeter,” Metrologia, Volume 47, Number 6 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/47/6/007

Figures 7 and 8: S Svitlov, Ch Rothleitner, and L J Wang, “Accuracy assessment of the two-sample zero-crossing detection in a sinusoidal signal,” Metrologia, Volume 49, Number 4 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/49/4/413

The authors regret their oversight.

In the light of optical-electronic imaging system ,designed a continuous zoom lens with a optical aperture of 60mm and a zoom range of 18-246mm. Summarized the disadvantages of the former zoom lens and a low temperature resistant and high precision structure ,named the special-shaped slide and cam zoom structure is proposed, and carrying out the theoretical analysis and the detailed structural design. Theoretical analysis shows that this kind of structure can make the sliding friction between the cam and the main mirror tube turned into rolling friction ,thus reducing the torque demand.it also helps to eliminate the stuck phenomenon of the cam in low temperature environment .The special-shaped slide frame structure can help eliminate the tilt Angle of the moving mirror group in the zoom process ,thus reducing the variation of optic axis .In the he final test, the zoom time is not longer than 8s in the environment which temperature is only -45°C，and the variation of optic axis is smaller than 0.3milliradian,both meet the target requirement.

Due to the biological multi mode identification technology, a novel fingerprint and finger vein multiple images acquisition optical system is developed and described. The fingerprint and finger vein imaging systems contain respectively 3 and 12 spherical lenses, which work at 650nm and 850nm wavelength with a 640×480 CCD and a 640×512 uncooled IR detector as the imaging devices. With the aid of ZEMAX software, the optical systems were designed and optimized to cause a good imaging quality. The MTF value of the fingerprint imaging lens is above 0.6 at 67lp/mm, while the finger vein imaging lens is above 0.8 at 30lp/mm. The spot diagrams’ RMS radiuses of the two lenses are all much smaller than the detectors’ pixel size, which are close to the diffraction limit. Both the two lenses have distortions less than 0.5%. The experiments proved that this optical system has the merits of fine image quality and high resolution with compact structures and low cost.

An adaptive polarized interferometer is proposed for optical free form surfaces metrology without auxiliary devices such as the wavefront sensors and deflectometry systems for deformable mirror (DM) monitoring. In this method, the DM surface monitoring and free form surface measurement are achieved simultaneously in only one interferometer by the polarizing design. The polarizing design divide the interferometer into two partial common path interferometric system, which provide the null test for tested free form surface and non-null test for the DM surface. The final figure error of the free form surface is extracted by ray tracing. Experiments proving the feasibility of this interferometer is shown.

The basic principle of a dynamic goniometer based on fiber optic gyroscope was introduced. According to this principle, the model on uncertainty of angle measurement results was established and the simulation analysis on uncertainty of measurement results was performed. Furthermore, a series of repetitive experiments with this goniometer at different rotational velocities were carried out. Experiments results showed that they were consistent with the uncertainty got from the theoretical analysis when the confidence level was set to 95% and the evaluation model on uncertainty was effective.

The optical surface microcosmic defects will influence the safe working of high power laser system, which is an important factor of limiting the system output energy and resulting in the damage of optics. The quantitative measurement for the three dimensional (3D) structure of microcosmic defects on macroscopic optical surface is of great importance for researching the influence of defects to the capability of high power laser system. The present structure measurement methods, such as white-light interference surface profiler and atom-force microscopy, have the disadvantages of slow measurement speed and small measurement field and therefore aren't suitable for the 3D measurement of microcosmic defects on macroscopic optical surface. In order to solve this problem, an effective approach for measuring the structure of microcosmic defects on optical surface is proposed based on digital holographic microscopy (DHM). The wavefront aberration induced by the defects is recorded and then the 3D structure of defects is calculated according to the relationship between the wavefront aberration and optical path. This approach will have potential application in the quantitative measurement for the microcosmic defects on optical surface and is helpful for the further research and understanding the influence of surface microcosmic defects on high-power laser system.

A fundamental issue in spherical optical manufacturing process is how to measure the radius of curvature accurately. Due to the high precision requirement for some advanced optics applications, the accuracy of the measurement is usually crucial. In this paper, kinds of spherical curvature radius methods that use spherometer, laser interferometer and profilometer are introduced, the error sources of these methods are analyzed. A series of measurement experiences with radius rang from R 7.65mm to R790.5mm are carried out and the results are analyzed according to measurement error theory. Consequently the advantages of the three kinds of instruments in radius measurement are obtained.

In order to satisfy the requirements of laser irradiation and laser ranging over the long distance, and to realize the miniaturization, the modularization and the engineering application of 1J high-energy DPSSL circuit system, a laser driving circuit system is designed according to the laser work patterns of one oscillator stage and two amplification stages. The system includes many parts, such as the integrated power supply circuits, the corresponding LD drivers of three stages, the signal control circuits, the Q switched circuits, the receiving circuits and the temperature control circuits, etc. It possesses the characteristics of 28VDC input power source, working frequency 25Hz，driving laser output 1J, working stable and reliable, thermal management optimization and small size as well as light weight. The study promotes the comprehensive technical specifications of the platform load effectively and can also provide a valuable reference for the miniaturization of high energy DPSSL circuit system.

A compression creep testing scheme based on TMA equipment was designed in order to obtain viscoelastic properties of glasses. Different with traditional creep tests, in TMA creep testing process, the creep displacement is only a few microns, and the total axial strain could be controlled within a few thousandths. Therefore, the cylinder glass specimen section could be considered as unchanged, the compressive stress can be considered as constant, which will guarantee testing data with a higher precision. Relaxation moduli calculated form creep testing were approximated by generalized Maxwell models, and the viscoelastic datas were verified by finite element analysis.

Due to the problem of spatial interference by the high steepness, the contact measuring device can’t measure the high steepness elements surface profile error. Based on the four-axis ultra-precision machine tools and laser micro-displacement sensor, this paper introuduces a method of the measurement experiment platform. It adjusts the geometrical relationship among the machine axes by laser micro- displacement sensor. The accuracy of the measuring device system error is obtained by the high precision standard ball’s measurement. It establishes the position and the error simulation in spherical coordinate system. Applying this measuring system, it can realize the accurate measurement of the dome part’s surface profile error which includes the measuring multiple bus lines and data fitting.