This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10843, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Author and Conference Committee lists.

The stability features of the miniature fiber optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric (EFPI) sensors are important to signal recovery. In this paper, we explore the stabilization mechanism of the micromachined diaphragmbased EFPI sensors by means of the workpoint drift. Three sensors with the same sensing units but different encapsulation structures were fabricated to achieve comprehensive demonstration. Experiments were carried out separately in air and in water within a wavelength-tunable workpoint feedback control (WPFC) configuration. Results show that these three different sensors present distinguished workpoint drift rates. The main disturbance which cause the workpoint drift comes from the thermal exchange of the sensing diaphragm with the surroundings. Whereas a fast drift rate could disable WPFC, a totally enclosed encapsulation structure could help to improve the stability of the EFPI sensors.

This paper introduces the basic principle of the INS/CNS integrated navigation system, and introduces and compares the working modes and combination modes of various INS/CNS integrated navigation systems. Then it points out the key technologies of INS/CNS integrated navigation system. The application of integrated navigation in airborne platforms, missile–borne platforms, spaceborne platforms, shipboard platforms, and other platforms is summarized. Finally, the development direction of INS/CNS integrated navigation is analyzed. This article reviews the INS/CNS integrated navigation technology and provides a reference for scientific researchers in the field of navigation.

This paper reports a planar structure InGaAs/InP avalanche photodetector focal plane arrays. Their material structure use separate absorption, grading, charge and multiplication layer. The pixel pitch of 8×8 format detectors is 250 μm. The breakdown voltage (VBD) is typically in the range of 65 to 70 V for most of the devices on the same wafer. The typical dark current at 90% of V_BD is 3 nA, dark currents as low as 0.5 nA at 90% of V_BD have also been observed for some diodes, corresponding to a dark current density of 1 × 10^-5 A/cm². The photocurrent starts to increase at the "punch-through" voltage V_p of 43 V. The responsivity at 1.55 μm is 0.91 A/W at unity gain and the multiplication layer is estimated to be 1.2 μm. Each device on the same wafer has excellent characteristics and high uniformity through measurement, laying a solid foundation for 3D imaging laser radar systems.

In this paper, we proposed a p-i-n AlGaN EBL, which is easy to realize in epitaxy, to enhance the electron confinement and improve the hole injection efficiency. The physical and optical properties of GaN-based MQW LEDs with the conventional EBL are also investigated comparatively. The simulation results show that the LEDs with the p-i-n EBL exhibit much higher output power and smaller efficiency droop at high current as compared to those with the traditional EBL due to the enhancement of the electron confinement and improvement of the hole injection from p-type region, which are induced by the strong reverse electrostatic fields in the p-i-n EBL.

In this paper, we present the design and characterization of a novel GaN based ultraviolet (UV) detector. The detector consists of two GaN PIN diodes, connected in antiparallel configuration. Two layers of AlGaN, a 100 nm Al_0.4Ga_0.6N barrier layer and a 400 nm Al_0.33Ga_0.67N filter layer are deposited on top of one of the PIN diodes. The filter layer exhibits strong absorption of photons at about 310 nm and below. The barrier layer improves the short wave rejection ratio as it can prevent the diffusion of the carriers generated in the filter layer. Due to the antiparallel connection of the two diodes, the cutoff wavelength of the detector is 300 nm and the overall photocurrent of the detector provides good similarity to the Erythemal action spectrum.

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with stable white light emitting were fabricated by using exciton adjusting layer (EAL) inserted between dual emitting layers (EMLs). Three charge transport materials with different characteristics were chosen as EAL, including 4,7-diphenyl-1,1′-phenanthroline (Bphen), N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (TPD) and N,N′-dicarbazolyl-3,5-benzene (mCP). Device structure was given as: ITO/NPB (30 nm)/mCP: (t-bt)2Ir(acac) (2 nm, 4 wt.%)/EALs/ mCP: Firpic (12 nm, 10 wt.%)/Bphen (35 nm)/Mg: Ag (100 nm). The results showed that, compared with device without EAL, the devices employed EAL yielded high device performance as well as favorable luminescence property and stable white emission. For the device with mCP EAL, the maximum brightness of 24700cd/m2 and current efficiency of 14.5 cd/A were obtained, while the CIE coordinates of device changed from (0.33, 0.35) to (0.35, 0.36) with the bias voltage increasing from 5 V to 12 V. It was suggested that by incorporating EAL in OLEDs, the charge carrier recombination zone was broadened, and the balance of electron-hole was improved between EMLs.

In this paper, a novel optical fiber pressure sensor based on duralumin grooved plate was experimentally demonstrated. The sensing structure consists of two duralumin plates, and uniform grooves were carved on the plates. The fiber was vertically placed between the plate grooves. Under different pressure conditions, there will be different micro-bending of the optical fiber, which will result in the modes conversion of the fiber. Some fiber modes become radiative modes, which will lead to the loss of transmission power in the fiber. We can make use of this special effect to fabricate optical fiber pressure sensor. We first tested the single mode fiber (SMF). By repeat applied cyclic pressure on the sensing structure, we recorded the changes of light power and obtained the sensitivity of 1.11 mW/kgf and 1.4 mW/kgf at 1550 nm and 1310 nm, respectively. In addition, we analyzed the spectral changes in the fiber and experimentally analyzed the temperature characteristics of the sensing structure, found that the sensor has good temperature stability. Moreover, because of its simple fabrication and highly adjustable property, this sensor is suitable for engineering application. We also use this duralumin grooved plate to test the few mode fiber (FMF), and found that due to a variety of core modes coupling in the fiber, the pressure sensing characteristics are not good. However, by analyzing its spectrum, we found that this device can achieve some special mode conversion and has a good application prospect.

Sr₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺ and Sr₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺ phosphors were prepared by solid state reaction in reducing atmosphere. Photoluminescence (PL), photostimulated luminescence (PSL) after ultraviolet irradiation of the phosphors were investigated. Broad blue light emission centered at 470nm and green light emission centered at 535nm , under the excitation of 320nm and 365nm, were observed in all these phosphors. Comparing with Sr₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺,the PL intensity of doubly doped Sr₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺ was found to decrease. Under 980nm infrared stimulation, prominent PSL was observed in Sr₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺ after 254nm ultraviolet irradiation. The results indicate that Sr₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺ has potential as a promising optical storage material.

We report on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures ultraviolet (UV) p–i–n photodetectors (PDs) in which generationrecombination and tunneling currents dominate PD leakage at high reverse voltage. At low voltages, the shunt current related to threading dislocations dominate PD leakage. The PD exhibits a narrow bandpass spectral responsivity characteristics from 320 to 360 nm, a zero bias peak responsivity 0.155 A/W at 360 nm, which corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 53%. Additionally, the effect of polarization effect on responsivity of the PD have been investigated.

The working processes of various APD (Avalanche photodiode)laser active detection equipment includes: laser emission, laser transmission in the atmosphere, and APD laser detection three parts. Among them, due to the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the laser, the intensity of laser on the APD detection surface randomly fluctuates over time, after the laser is transmitted through the turbulence atmosphere. The process of APD detecting the laser light reaching its receiving end face is accompanied by noise generation. Combined with the central limit theorem, the APD output current conforms to a Gaussian distribution. The CLAP software was used to simulate the propagation of the laser in the turbulent atmosphere, and the probability distribution of the intensity fluctuation over a limited area under various atmosphere fluctuation conditions was obtained. Using several distribution functions to fit the probability distribution of light intensity fluctuations, it was found that the Exponential Weibull distribution has a good fitting effect on simulation data. Based on the above research results, a detection model of the Exponential Weibull-Gaussian double stochastic process of APD is established. Using the obtained Exponential Weibull distribution parameters and the dual stochastic process model to simulate the APD detection process, the probability density curve of the ADP output current is obtained and compared with the fluctuation of the light intensity at the receiving end surface, thereby verifying the influence of the double stochastic process on the detection process.

The osteofascial compartment syndrome is a common syndrome in orthopedics clinical practice. The body fluid pressure is the key indicator of the need for surgery. The traditional needling pressure measurement method is traumatic, single-point, and wired, which is very inconvenient in practice. As a promising alternative measurement method, anon-invasive, multi-point, and wireless flexible wearable pressure measurement sensor was proposed in this work. The sensor has 7 flexible pressure measurement units to realize multi-point measurement. The units were fabricated by unique printing electronics technology, with high precision and flexibility. ZigBee protocol was used for real-time wireless data transmission. A35.9mm*56.6mm flexible printed circuit board(FPCB)was designed and optimized for the pressure readout and wireless communication. The FPCB was powered by a small 3V button battery. Typical specifications of the sensor are as follows: sensing unit size 10*4 mm; measurement range [0, 100] N; measurement precision 2.5 N; maximum wireless transmission distance50 m; maximum bending radius 2 mm. Further optimization and experiments, including animal experiments, are in progress.

Correlated imaging is a research hotspot in recent years. It shows advantages over conventional optical imaging on scanning and imaging rate, noise immunity and so on, and has good application prospects in military electronic reconnaissance and other fields According to the basic principle of polarization correlation imaging, this paper established the spectral polarization BRDF model of rough surface. Taking two typical materials of aluminum alloy and PC plastic as target and background, the effects of wavelength on polarization correlated imaging of rough surface objects is analyzed. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the wavelength has little influence on the conventional correlated imaging, and the effects on the polarization correlated imaging appear in complex refractive index, linear polarization and contrast. The wavelength of the best imaging quality can be determined according to different material properties of the set target and the known background.

Light propagating in optical fiber will generate Brillouin scattering spectra (BSS), and the center frequency shift of the BSS is linearly changing with the temperature fluctuation of the light scattering position, so by combination with time domain reflecting technology it can be used to measure and locate the temperature information along the optical fiber. In this paper a three dimensional BSS scan imaging method is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, which is based on digital down converter (DDC) module to shift the frequency points in BSS to a 63MHz intermediate frequency (IF) by frequency scanning. By this method the BSS is converted to two Brillouin peaks, and the spectrum shape of each is nearly the same with the original BSS. And it provides a much convenient choice for the extraction of the center frequency of BSS, because the center frequency of the original BSS is at the center between the two Brillouin peak points. Therefore, to seek the peak points and determine their frequencies from the three dimensional Brillouin scattering spectra, the center frequency of the original BSS can be obtained, which is time-saving for distributed temperature measurement compared with conventional data fitting scheme, such as Lorentzian fitting algorithm, Polynomial fitting algorithm, shape correlation operation and so on.

To identify the accuracy of the installation position of the spring hooks on both sides of the automobile seat back curtain automatically, this paper presents an automatic detection system for spring hooks on automobile seat back based on feature detection and line segment. Firstly, the backrest image of the automobile is matched by a scale-invariant feature transformation algorithm (SIFT algorithm) to classify different types of automobile seat backs. Secondly, an edge detection method is used to extract the characteristic thread to locate the middle line of the spring hook (or parallel lines) and the side line where the spring hook hooks. Finally, the possibility of the intersection of the spring middle line (or parallel lines) and side line to be inside the side line slot is calculated to determine qualification level of the automobile seats. The experimental results indicated that the system detection accuracy was up to 98.8%. The system meets the practical requirement of automobile industry with high efficiency.

Most of the traditional camouflage target detection rely on the human eyes to make a simple magnification observation through white light instruments, but the detection result is usually not good. The hyperspectral instrument can acquire spectral images of a certain band range, and then obtain a continuous spectral curve of the object. In general, there are differences in spectral curves between different objects. With hyperspectral detection, the camouflaging characteristics of the camouflaged target in different backgrounds are different. In order to obtain the best camouflage effect, the difference between camouflage clothing and different background in hyperspectral images were analyzed. The difference between disguised camouflage clothing and backgrounds were compared by the spectral amplitude and the change trend of the spectral shape. Based on Euclidean distance, spectral information divergence, spectral angle and spectral gradient angle, the camouflage effect of camouflaged target in the background were evaluated from spectral reflectance, information theory, spectral angle and spectral gradient respectively. Camouflage clothing and light green plastic fake turf, dark green plastic fake turf, real turf, camouflage raincoat and old camouflage backgrounds were compared. Overall, camouflage clothing in the real grass camouflage effect is best, which conforms to design intention, and it can provide a good camouflage for military operations. At the same time, the experiment also shows that if the disguised target detection is only considered from a certain aspect, it may get wrong results. Therefore, in the disguise detection, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the detection target from various aspects.

It is necessary to use thin film encapsulation for protecting the organic emitting device of the flexible display from the oxygen and moisture permeation. The optical properties of the OLED device protected by thin film encapsulation have been investigated. It was found that the chroma of the emitting light of the OLED device was changed by the thin film encapsulation. The thin film encapsulation influenced the emission spectrum of the OLED device. The optical length of the micro-cavity of the emitting device was adjusted to compensate the variation of the chroma.

Using the activation and evaluation system for negative electron affinity (NEA) photocathode, the Cs activation was finished for GaN photocathode, and the Cs, O activations was completed by using the alternate method of Cs source continues, O source intermittent for the cathode sample, the photocurrent curve was gotten during the activation process. Based on the characteristics of NEA and the formation of cathode surface barrier, the evolution of GaN photocathode surface barrier before and after activation was analyzed. After the GaN photocathode being purified, the adsorption of cesium is a key step for getting the NEA surface. With Cs alone, the electron affinity potential change of 3.0eV can be obtained, and the vacuum energy level can be moved to approximately 1.0eV below the bottom of conduction band. Together with Cs, O processing can further reduce the vacuum energy level by 0.2eV.

Single-image super-resolution (SISR) reconstruction is important for image processing, and lots of algorithms based on deep convolutional neural network (CNN) have been proposed in recent years. Although these algorithms have better accuracy and recovery results than traditional methods without CNN, they ignore finer texture details when super-resolving at a large upscaling factor. To solve this problem, in this paper we propose an algorithm based on generative adversarial network for single-image super-resolution restoration at 4x upscaling factors. We decode a restored high-resolution image by the generative network and make the generator output results finer, more realistic texture details by the adversarial network. We performed experiments on the DIV2K dataset and proved that our method has better performance in single image super-resolution reconstruction. The image quality of this reconstruction method is improved at the peak signal-tonoise ratio and structural similarity index and the results have a good visual effect.

The radiation characteristics of the atmospheric boundary observed in limb view is significant in many fields, such as target recognition, infrared warning and weather forecasts and other fields. Different atmospheric conditions, observation geometry and spectral range will affect the radiation characteristics of the limb atmosphere. The specific parameters are different, and the degree of influence is also different. A hemispherical accumulation method (HLA) was proposed to calculate the background radiation of the limb detection. Based on the characteristics of the limb detection, the sensitivity of the mid-and far-infrared two-band fronts detection to atmospheric mode parameters and gas content parameters is studied. Using the HLA model, the sensitivity analysis of the radiation characteristics of the marginal atmosphere was carried out, and the quantitative calculation results are given.

Detecting landscapes such as rivers, mountains or forests in the complex scenes is a challenging problem in the field of infrared image, which has been applied widely in military and civilian. This paper aims to detect the river from infrared images, presenting an approach that combines the local binary pattern (LBP) and morphology to extract the river. The LBP descriptor is highly discriminative, computationally efficient and stable for monotonous gray level images. In this paper, we propose an improved LBP descriptor, which adopts a radius of 1.5 pixels and uses every neighbor pixel of center to acquire more information. Firstly, we preprocess the data and extract the feature by the improved LBP descriptor. Then a combination of the threshold processing, filtering and morphological operator is used to emphasize the feature result. Finally, through connected component analysis, the maximum connected component is focused to detect the river in the infrared image. The performance of algorithm is tested on a set of images. Areas of the extracted river and time cost are measured as well.

In recent years, with the applications of object detection increasingly extensive, the approaches based on Deep Learning have achieved state-of-the-art performance on challenging datasets. Some researchers have made demands on real-time performance while paying attention to the accuracy of the model. In addition, with the rapid development of the object detection model, the detection of small targets has attracted extensive attention. Although several evaluations of the models have been conducted, we have conducted a more detailed evaluation of the small targets real-time detection. In this work, we carried out an in-depth evaluation of the latest real-time object detection model. We evaluate three state-of-the- art models including Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD), You Only Look Once version 2 (YOLO v2), and You Only Look Once version 3 (YOLO v3) with related trade-off factors i.e. accuracy, execution time and resource usage. Experiments were conducted on benchmark datasets and a newly generated dataset for small object detection. All analyses and findings are then presented.

A neural network pavement crack identification method combined with discreteness analysis is proposed. After grey transformation, image enhancement, the images are divided to two groups, one for training, the other one for test. The images in training group are divided into a series of sub blocks. The sub blocks contain cracks are taken as positive samples, and the sub blocks with shadows and normal roads are taken as negative samples. The two samples are used for extracting features, and the features are used to training model, and the model is used to recognize the crack in test group. For little error recognition points, a discreteness analysis was proposed to solve this problem. The contrast recognition of clean and shadowed pavement in gray value method and our method was carried out on asphalt and cement pavement respectively. Experimental result shows that the traditional gray value method is of little difference to neural network method combined with discreteness analysis in clean road, while big difference in shadow road.

Mn_1.56Co_0.96Ni_0.48O₄ (MCN) thin films with 2 μm thickness were deposited on amorphous Al₂O₃ substrates by Radio Frequency magnetron sputtering at 450℃, films were annealed at 450℃, 600℃ and 750℃ separately. XRD test showed that MCN thin films deposited at 450℃ possess preferential orientation (400). The variable temperature resistivity test revealed the resistivity of MCN films decreases with the annealed temperature increases. Aging testing showed that films grown at 450℃ and annealed at the same temperature had moderate aging coefficient, meanwhile, the films exhibited favorable noise performance. This paper reports a method to prepare MCN thin films with moderate resistivity, favorable aging and noise characteristics at low temperature(450℃), which is expected to be integrated with the silicon process and has great significance for developing MCN thin film linear or focal plane devices.

Automatic identification of clue cells in microscopic leucorrhea images provides important information for evaluating gynecological diseases. Traditional manual microscopic examination of Gram-stained vaginal smears is adopted by most hospitals for identifying clue cells; however, it is both complex and time-consuming. In order to solve these problems, an automatic identification of clue cells in microscopic leucorrhea images based on machine learning is proposed in this paper. First, the Otsu threshold method is used to segment regions of interest (ROI) in image preprocessing according to the morphological features of clue cells. Then, Gabor, HOG and GLCM texture features are extracted to describe irregular edges and rough surfaces of clue cells. Finally, a SVM classifier using a hybrid kernel function by linearly weighted RBF and polynomial kernels is trained to identify clue cells rapidly and conveniently. In experiments, the method using GLCM texture features and a hybrid kernel function of SVM achieved 94.64% accuracy and 94.92% recall rate, which was better than methods using Gabor or HOG texture features and a single kernel function of SVM.

Polymer materials are preferred to show a high advantage for electrostatic capacitors energy storage and pulsed power applications. In this work, a linear material, aromatic polyurea, has been successfully synthesized by stepwise polycondensation, then films with different isocyanate index of 1.00, 1.03, 1.06 and 1.09 were prepared. The Young’s modulus increases with the increase of isocyanate index, which means that film with higher isocyanate index presents better mechanical property. The dielectric permittivity of samples with isocyanate index of 1.03, 1.06 and 1.09 are 3.72, 3.63, 3.79 respectively, more than 1.5 times high than Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene (BOPP). Film with isocyanate index of 1.06 presents highest energy storage efficiency because of the complete reaction and lower reaction monomer residual, which can be proved by FTIR and the dielectric loss. At 3000 kV/cm electric filed, sample with isocyanate index of 1.06 still shows a very high energy storage efficiency of 89%. Considering the comprehensive property, polyurea film with isocyanate index of 1.06 is promising for high performance pulse capacitors application.

In allusion to the problem that the near infrared images of early teeth disease detection is low contract, minutiae feature isn’t evident and the images have small target gray range. So the image enhancement approach is proposed, which is disposed by the high frequency filter, linear compensation and the successive mean quantization transform. First, the near infrared images of teeth are filtered by the high frequency filter, the high frequency filter can emphasize on high-frequency components and keep lost low-frequency components, then the near infrared images are linearly compensated, finally the method combined with the successive mean quantization transform to enhance the near infrared images. The experiments show that the enhancement images show high contract and detail feature is obvious. Visually it is better to observe whether the teeth are diseased. Compared with the results of histogram equalization, the proposed method can get better enhancement effect and the particular features are stand out.

Maintenance of power equipment is of great significance to ensure the safety and reliability of power equipment. This paper focuses on detecting missing pins of power equipment using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle （UAV） acquired images. We proposed a detection method based on image color histogram and scale invariant feature transform (SIFT). The first step calculates the H-S color histogram of screw image, utilizing histogram back projection method to obtain candidate regions of screw image in the to-be-matched image, applied Bhattacharyya distance as a measurement to compare the similarity of two histograms. Then, the SIFT feature is extracted from the screw image and the key points are matched with the SIFT feature of the candidate regions to detect the screws. Finally, this paper designs a method which uses convolutional neural network to judge whether the screw misses the pin. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm of missing pins detection based on UAV image can achieve competitive results to detect the defects in special scenes, and has good robustness, which satisfies the real-time and accuracy requirements.

Histogram equalization is a simple and effective image enhancement technique that adjusts the contrast through the histogram of the image. In order to optimize the histogram equalization and improve the conventional mapping method, we propose the Histogram Equalization of Weighted Gray-Level Difference (HEWGLD) algorithm, which utilizes the quantity of pixels at each gray level as weight and adjusts the image gray levels based on the conventional histogram equalization results. The whole problem is modelled as a linear programming problem, and solved by a greedy method, which can lead to the global optimal value. The experimental results show that compared with the conventional histogram equalization algorithm, the optimization algorithm has obvious contrast enhancement effect for grayscale images with histogram peaks, and the visual effects of the edges between foreground and background in the image are improved efficiently.

The Switching mechanism of a-Si memristor is based on the electrochemical metallization (ECM) effect. After application of a constant bias, the metal ions oxidized on the surface of the electrode migrates to the amorphous silicon layer, which not only lead to the resistive switching behavior, but also the change of optical parameters of switching material. Here, a novel film memristor with optical readout functionality has been set up by combining a silicon prism with Ag/a-Si/Al structure. The attenuation of the reflected light from the device dependence on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect on interface of silver layer which is sensitive to the refractive index of the a-Si layer. The change of the reflectance spectrum of the memristor under different bias voltages was simulate by means of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the influence of the thickness of the amorphous silicon film and the silver film on the intensity of the reflected light was analyzed.

Low-Level Light Imaging(LLLI) devices are now been widely used in military, astronomy, scientific, and even in surveillance for our daily uses. The traditional devices like ICCD, EBCCD, EMCCD, which either complicated in structure or require extra cooling system. However, a novel device called Electron Bombarded Active Pixel Sensor(EBAPS) has been developed, it is a proximity focused device which lead photoelectrons produced by photocathode hitting directly towards back illuminated CMOS and cause the semiconductor bombard phenomenon to amplification and then being readout. EBAPS is relatively small in size, less weight, with high sensitivity, and can be used to detect single photon event, etc. Although it has been proven to have excellent sensitivity in the field of LLLI, the performance today is still considered far from its maximum potential. Here, we modeled the structure of EBAPS and studied the factors influencing the performance of the device. By selecting proper parameters like proximity distance, acceleration voltage, photocathode quantum efficiency, etc., we achieved the single photon image mode with a satisfactory sensitivity. Besides, we simulated the electron scattering trajectories among the semiconducting multiplication area by using Monte Carlo method, we compared the simulation results in different conditions and successfully in finding the optimum parameter, which achieved a relatively high sensitivity. The simulation results in this paper could have a profound theoretical foundation in developing higher gain EBAPS.

The ultrafast all-optical solid-state framing camera(UASFC) based on semiconductor photorefractive effect is a new type of X-ray ultrafast imaging system. The temporal resolution of UASFC is determined by the response time of the semiconductor. We improve the pump-probe experiment to measure the time response of GaAs/AlGaAs. In our recent experiments, the full width of half maximum (FWHM) is about 2ps, and the dynamic test result of the UASFC system, which use these AlGaAs samples, is 2.5ps. The results verify feasibility of the measurement and provide necessary methods for the further construction of high performance UASFC system.

Nowadays, the use of multiple sensors for environmental detection could overcome the uncertainty and limitations of a single detector. Micro-integrated sensors composed of multiple sensors have become the development trend of future sensors. This paper describes the implementation of a multi-sensor signal processing circuit. By monitoring external signals through temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and pressure sensor, the physical quantity of sensors is converted into a digital signal output by integrated readout Circuit. And a novel switched capacitor circuit is proposed. In this paper ,the readout circuit designed on a 0.5μm typical process, the sensitivity of temperature is less than 0.5°C, the accuracy of on-chip ADC is 14bit, and the overall power consumption is less than 20mW. It lays the foundation for multi-sensor composite integration and miniaturization research.

We propose a novel structure of 1×4 power splitter based on multi-core square-lattice photonic crystal fiber (PCF) that is composed of four neighboring outer cores and a central incident core. The coupled-mode theory for five identical propagation cores is demonstrated to understand the coupling characteristics for the proposed multi-core PCF splitter. The coupling behaviors along longitudinal propagation direction between the central and neighboring cores are accurately investigated by using the finite element method (FEM) and the beam propagation method (BPM). Through the numerical analysis, it is shown that the optical power launched into the central incident core is able to be equally divided into other neighboring four cores with about 25% of coupling ratio in a several-millimeter long PCF at the operating wavelength of 1.55 μm. The power coupling characteristics obtained through the BPM are in very good agreement with that calculated from coupled-mode theory.

Terahertz focal plane array imaging technology can realize real-time terahertz imaging with high frame rate. But for a relatively large-sized object imaging, the array scanning should collect a plurality of original image data due to the small-sized focal plane terahertz detector array. In this paper we demonstrate terahertz image preprocessing, image register and image blending in detail. In order to reduce the image noise and enhance the image contrast, we manifest a novel method to preprocess the image by incorporating of Butterworth band-elimination filter and high-frequency nonlinear enhancement methods. Meanwhile, the enhanced image is stitched using the sift algorithm. The experimental result present that the proposed method can accurately mosaic the terahertz grayscale image, which is beneficial to realize the scanning and stitching imaging of large-area objects by focal plane array terahertz detector.

Fluorescence/phosphorescence hybrid white organic light-emitting devices (WOLEDs) with non-doped emitting layers are constructed based on blue, green and red dyes. The simplified emitting layers (EMLs) are fabricated with structure of Blue/Red/Blue/Green hybrid emitting layers consisting of an ultrathin non-doped green phosphorescence layer employing Tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium (Ir(ppy)₃), an ultrathin non-doped red phosphorescence layer using Tris(1-(4-hexylphenyl)-isoquinolinato-C2,N)iridium(III) (Ir(h-piq)₃), and double non-doped blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) layers using 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine- diphenylsulfone (DMAC-DPS). A white OLED are fabricated with relatively stable electroluminescence spectra of white emission achieves maximum luminance, maximum current efficiency, power efficiency and external quantum efficiency of 21596cd/m², 8.45 cd/A, 11.57 lm/W and 6%, respectively. The result shows a slight variation of Commission International de l’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates (0.026, 0.051) at a luminance ranging from 32 cd/m² to 2728 cd/m². It suggests that the bipolar charge carrier transport property of DMAC-DPS contributes to control of exciton recombination in the emissive regions and balance white emission.

Owing to their exceptional electrical, optical and mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are highly attractive and widely applied in the fields of material, chemistry, physics, etc. Recently, CNT-based composites films have attracted more and more attention. In this work, composite films composed by patterned CNTs (PCNTs) and vanadium oxide (VO_x) were prepared by combining two techniques of spin-coating and spray-coating. Results reveal that VO_x– PCNT composite films with different CNT patterns, including stripe, square, and parallelogram CNT shapes, were successfully prepared. The as-prepared VO_x–PCNT composite films exhibit different electrical and optical properties. Particularly, under the same CNT quantity, the VO_x–PCNT composite films containing higher dispersion of CNTs exhibit lower resistance (R). A low R of 343 kΩ was measured at room temperature from the composite film with a stripe CNTs’ pattern and a high dispersion of 33.3%. Moreover, UV-vis measurements indicate that the order for the optical absorption of the composite films is: stripe < square < parallelogram, revealing the increase of the absorption with the increase of the CNTs’ dispersion. Furthermore, after CNTs’ addition, the infrared absorption similarly increases, while the optical band gap decreases. These suggest that both the electrical and optical properties of VO_x films can be rationally adjusted by changing the deposited CNTs’ patterns. Thus, we describe a new route to the control of the optical and electrical properties of metal oxides by the CNTs’ pattern.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have been emerging as promising emitting materials for light-emitting diodes due to their miraculous optoelectronic properties. Conventional electron transporting materials used in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) such as 1,3,5-tris(2-N-phenylbenzimidazolyl) benzene (TPBi), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 1,3,5-tri(m-pyrid-3-yl-phenyl) benzene (TmPyPB), and 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) have been used as electron transporting layer (ETL) in the perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, there exit few systematic analysis about different ETL materials on the performance of PeLED. In this work, we employ TPBi, BPhen, TmPyPB, and BCP as ETL material of PeLED, respectively. Owing to the high electron mobility and suitable energy level, BPhen PeLED express the best performance at the same thickness with a maximum luminance of 812 cd m² and current efficiency (CE) of 0.1 cd A^-1. Hence, this work provides a useful method on device architecture construction for the realization of high performance PeLEDs.

Perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) based on the hybrid organic/inorganic structure have shown great prospect to the development of low cost, flexible, lightweight, and simple processability. But there are still exist many problems that limit its further commercial applications, such as the low mobility of hole transporting layer (HTL) and the poor stability which caused by the external environment and internal degradation. In this work, we demonstrated that the mixed HTL with poly-TPD and PTAA can increase the performance of p-i-n PVSCs. By doping poly-TPD into PTAA, the devices with mixed HTL show significantly enhancement of short-circuit current and fill factor, with an optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) obtained over 20% enhancement compared with the control devices with bare PTAA, and the best PCE reaches 14.6%. Detailed analysis shows that the performance enhancement can be explained to the improved perovskite grain size and the increased electron transfer of mixed HTL. As a result, by incorporating poly-TPD with PTAA as the HTL, it provides an effective approach to reach high performance p-i-n PVSCs.

We investigated the effect of biocompatible silk fibroin (SF):poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blended dielectric layers on the characteristics of N-type organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). The OTFT with high performance and low driving voltage (4 V) are obtained. Compared with those with pure SF dielectric layer, a high on/off ratio of ∼ 10³ and enhanced field-effect mobility of 0.203 cm²/Vs of OTFTs were obtained, by controlling the weight ratio of SF:PVA blends to 7:5. The mechanism of performance improvement of OTFT was systematically studied through the morphology characterization of dielectrics by utilizing atom force microscopy and electrical characterization. The smooth and homogeneous morphology of blend dielectrics having lower charge carrier trap density, is the main reason for the OTFTs based on SF: PVA-blended dielectric exhibited a higher performance than those based on pure SF dielectric.

Although tin oxide (SnO2) has been employed recently as an efficient electron-transporting layer (ETL) to realize highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), it is still quite challenging to apply it through facile solution-based synthesis at low enough temperature to be compatible with the roll-to-roll printing on polymer substrates. In this work, a combustion method has been successfully adapted to modulate the exothermic characteristics and processing temperature (150 °C) of SnO₂ to achieve homogeneous and crystalline thin film as efficient ETL for PVSCs. The combustion SNO₂ ETL shows high electric conductivity, and matched energy level, which leads to a good power conversion efficiency of 13.76%. This newly developed combustion SnO₂ has the high potential to provide a facile pathway to fabricate the low temperature processing, roll-to-roll, and high performance PVSCs.

We have fabricated poly[(5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4,7-diyl)-alt-(3,3000-di(2-octyldodecyl)- 2,20;50,200;500,2000-quaterthiophen-5,5000-diyl)] PffBT4T-2OD/fullerene (C₆₀)/[6,6]-phenyl C₇₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₁BM) ternary blend films. The thin films have been characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM) and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy in order to study the influence of C₆₀ doping on the morphological and optical properties of the active layer. The results show the incorporation of C₆₀ into PffBT4T-2OD : PC₇₁BM thin film improves the photovoltaic characteristics and shows preferable morphology. Furthermore, we demonstrate the addition of C₆₀ can suppress bimolecular recombination and thus enhanced FF. This work illustrates a valuable strategy towards thick film OSCs with high-performances.

Bottom-gated, top-contact organic field effect transistors (OFET) based nitrogen oxide (NO₂) gas sensors were fabricated by incorporating a hybrid organic semiconducting (OSC) layer, which consisting of 6, 13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) and Graphene Oxide (GO). By carefully optimizing the proportion of GO in the OSC layer, a tremendous improvement of sensing performance was obtained when exposed to NO₂ analyte. Compared with OFET devices based on pure TIPS-pentacene OSC layer, the sensitivity of OFET sensors with hybrid OSC layer had a tenfold enhancement. By analyzing the semiconducting layer through utilizing X-ray diffraction (XPS) and atomic force microscope (AFM), the enhanced sensing performance was attributed to the absorption of the NO₂ gas molecules through a porous OSC layer and a preferable interaction between functional groups on the edge of GO sheets and NO₂ gas molecules. The improved sensing performance by the hybrid OSC layer also suggests the possibility of GO for the further application in high performance OFET based gas sensors.

We fabricated the organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) integrating C8-BTBT single crystalline microribbon arrays as the organic semiconductor. A low temperature (60°C) annealed ultrathin CYTOP buffer layer was inserted between the semiconductor and the electrodes to improve the performance of the OFETs. The charge mobility was increased from 1.7 to 3.6 cm² V^-1 s^-1 through inserting the buffer layer. The performance enhancement was attributed to the significant decrease of the large contact resistance of the OFETs caused by the thick C₈-BTBT single crystalline microribbons, which was reduced from 1.6 to 0.14 MΩ cm by inserting CYTOP buffer layer with thickness of 6 nm. Meanwhile, the CYTOP buffer layer not only protected the C₈-BTBT single crystalline microribbon arrays from the harm of electrode evaporation, but also had no destructive effect on the C₈-BTBT active layer. The outstanding results show an effective method of reducing the contact resistance to improve the performance of OFETs.

Checking of the micro-displacement between the segmented mirrors of the large aperture telescope is the foundation of the Active Optical System to adjust the system to gain the optimum observing effect. In this paper, the signal processing system of a new type of area-alterable differential capacitive micro-displacement sensor used in the active optical system was designed, including both the hardware and software of it. The hardware consists of the high performance instrument amplifier, the lock-in demodulator, Analog to Digital converter, FPGA and the microprocessor. The software includes the MCU codes and FPGA-based modules such as the excitation pulse generation, system control and implementation of the signal processing algorithms. On the basis of the EDA simulation and test of the circuit modules, the schematic and PCB layout were designed and the experimental setup was assembled. Then the codes of FPGA and Microprocessor were designed and debugged. In the end, the system was tested on the platform of the micro-displacement experiment. Results showed that the general design scheme is feasible although the precision of the system is needed to be improved.

The space solar observation equipment takes the spacecraft as the platform, and the vibration of spacecraft will have influence over the observation. Therefore, we need to develop the image stabilization system to ensure the imaging resolution. In this paper, a method for detecting the centroid deviation of solar facula is proposed. A photodiode-based deviation detector was designed based on the requirements of the image stabilization system for the Full-disc vector Magneto Graph. Compared with the traditional method of deviation detecting, it has faster response rate, lower power consumption. Backup design is added to improve the reliability of the work on orbit. According to the test results, a resolution of 5 μm is achieved within the working range. It can cooperate with the steering mirror mechanism to form the image stabilization system and serve the Full-disc vector Magneto Graph.

With the wide application of graphene in the field of photoelectric field, many researchers have paid increasingly attention to the graphene photodetectors. However, the absorption of graphene to light is only 2.3%, which limited the photoresponsivity of graphene photodetectors. In recent years, benefited from the development of solar cells and LED industry, more and more optical-nano-materials have been measured. The combination of these materials and graphene is a way to improve the responsivity of graphene photodetectors. CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots material has a long carrier lifetime and high absorption for light. We have prepared a photodetector based on CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots and mechanical peeling graphene, which presented a responsivity up to 2.5×10⁵ A W^-1. The ultra-high responsivity is attributed to the high photoconductive gain of the device. Further more, we have discussed the photogating effect which is the reason of the high photoconductive gain.

With digital cameras coming into wide-spread use and the intelligence in application system increasingly growing, 3D reconstruction has become an essential part of the vision system. For the sake of achieving it, geometric camera calibration in the context of three-dimensional machine vision must be performed firstly to determine a set of parameters that describe the mapping between 3-D reference coordinates and 2-D image coordinates. In the typical classic method with high calculation accuracy and strong robustness, however, little attention has been paid to initial values of distortion coefficients, and model constraints that make results global optimal. In this paper, we present an improved algorithm based on the traditional calibration method. First, determine exact homography matrices by RANSAC algorithm to reject more error points, solve the initial values of distortion with distortion model, and then constrain the image coordinates of feature points in line by straight lines. Finally, the whole optimized parameters, the suppression of re-projection errors, and the calibration parameters with higher precision are obtained. It becomes a prerequisite for the realization of image fusion and the wide application of computer vision in the field of 3D reconstruction.

The accuracy and efficiency of the lung segmentation are significant to computer-aided detection/diagnosis (CAD/CADx) scheme for pulmonary nodules detection in chest computed tomography (CT) image. And morphology is widely utilized to characterize the shape of the object in lung segmentation. In this investigation, a multi-stages based approach which combines thresholding, connected component analysis and morphology is proposed to achieve a fast and precise lung segmentation. The presented framework consists of three stages: thorax extraction, lung segmentation and boundary refinement. A dataset of CT scans from different equipments and modalities is utilized to evaluate the proposed method. The average dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of the experiments is 0.97 and average time-consuming of each slice is 0.64s. The results demonstrate that the proposed method with multi-stages is an efficient and accurate method for lung segmentation.

Recently, microsupercapacitors as the micro-energy devices have attracted widespread attention due to their small size, ease of integration, high power density, fast charge/discharge rate, environmental protection, and maintenance-free features. Furthermore, patterned electrode is critical to realize the fabrication of high-performance planar microsupercapacitors (MSCs). Herein, we describe a facile polymerization and cost-effective laser treating process for manufacturing reduced graphene oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (rGO/PEDOT) composite network architectures, which can be used for interdigitated planar symmetric MSCs. Firstly, the moderate iron(III) ptoluenesulfonatehexahydrate (Fe(PTS)₃·6(H₂O)) was dissolved in isopropanol to make oxidant solution under sufficient stirring. Then, the graphene oxide (GO) and EDOT monomer were successively added to the above solution under ultrasonic dispersion for 4 h to form homogeneous GO/PEDOT solution at room temperature, which was deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by the spin-coating process. Followed by using laser treating process, the insulating GO was transformed into conductive rGO after about 30 min, and the controllable interdigital rGO/PEDOT composite electrodes were obtained. Subsequently, the all-solid-state planar MSCs employing these interdigitated electrodes with PVA/H₃PO₄ gel electrolyte are successfully fabricated. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge were used to evaluate the capacitance characteristic of the obtained MSCs, which deliver high specific capacitance of 25.7 F g⁻¹ , energy density of 3.57 mWh g⁻¹ at 5 mW g⁻¹ under the current density of 10 mA g⁻¹ , as well as minor internal resistance. Their excellent capacitance is attributed to the rGO/PEDOT composite network architectures.

Edge detection is a crucial task in image processing. Owing to the similarity in property between edges and noise, which demonstrates abrupt changes in image grayscale values, traditional edge detection methods are insufficient in detecting weak edges. Therefore, a local multi-threshold fuzzy inference method (LMFI) is introduced. Considering the binarization processing prior to conducting a fuzzy inference, to retain more edge information, a local threshold processing method and a triple threshold processing method are proposed. To reduce noise interference, an improved sigma filter and an improved fuzzy inference strategy are presented. The experimental results show that the effect of weak edge detection is improved by LMFI, when compared to conventional methods such as the original fuzzy inference algorithm and Canny edge detection algorithm.

An adjustable brightness LED driver with high efficiency, high stability and low power consumption is proposed. In order to obtain high stability at different working conditions, a novel voltage loop adaptive frequency compensation circuit is constructed. Moreover, the high efficiency of this system is realized by using the LDO power supply derived from the systems output, which reduces the system's power consumption. The different light intensities are obtained by setting the maximum of the LED load current. The LED driver is designed on a 0.18μm process with an input voltage range of 5V- 35V. Meanwhile, the working frequency is adjustable and synchronized with the external clock. The simulation results demonstrate that the LED driver is a single polar system through the adaptive frequency compensation circuit and eliminating the effect of zero-pole pair.

In order to suppress image ripples of the uncooled infrared detector, which is caused by the bias voltage noise bought by the un-uniform characteristic of column channel in the focal plane and changed varying with time, a hardware solution by structure extending is given including the principle and simulation of the design. As a material which is not sensitive to the environmental radiation temperature, the sapphire is used to extend the focal plane as the “background array”, while the readout circuit (ROIC) also extending same pixels. Then the noise value caused by the bias voltage can be calculated by averaging the value of the background pixels, which is subtracted from the sampling value of original array. Simulation results indicate that RMSE of one video image falls from 115 to 10 after 20 frames, while PSNR increases from 30 to 105. It can get expected IR images sustained at a uniformity level and the bias voltage ripples of images are suppressed effectively.

In this work, a flexible self-powered ammonia (NH₃) sensing system based on a vertical contact-separate mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been proposed for room temperature detection of NH₃ concentrations. By integrating NH₃-sensing materials into the nanogenerator (TENG), the degree of ambient NH₃ concentration can be actively detected at room temperature. The output voltage of the self-powered system has a proportional relationship with NH₃ concentrations. Furthermore, the Ce-ZnO heterostructure nanoparticles thin film was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method under 150°C and then form a sensitive film through spray method, which demonstrates a good sensing-response when exposed to NH₃ molecules. For comparison, the ZnO nanoparticles was prepared through the same method. Moreover, the morphology and chemical properties of the fabricated sensor based on ZnO nanoparticles and Ce-ZnO heterostructure nanoparticles film were characterized by SEM, UV-visible spectroscopy and XRD, respectively. In addition, the prepared self-powered triboelectric NH₃ sensor based on Ce-ZnO heterostructure nanoparticles composite thin film holds a gas-sensing response of 44.68% at 100 ppm NH₃. The doping of Ce in the hydrothermal synthesis process of ZnO nanoparticles effectively enhanced the active sites of ZnO, leading to an increase of the NH₃-sensing response compared to pure ZnO nanoparticles film, which is 4.4 times higher than that of pure ZnO. This research not only provides a simple method in self-powered NH₃ sensing but also successfully realizes the integration of NH₃-sensitive materials in the TENG to achieve integrated compatibility in NH₃ detection.

It is necessary to monitor heavy metal ions efficiently because they are major sources of environmental pollution. In this paper, a surface plasmatic resonance (SPR) sensor is designed to detect the concentration of heavy metal ions based on the change of refractive index. The theoretical research shows the refractive index is linearly related to the concentrations of solutions including heavy metal ion solution. In this paper, a gold nanoparticles array SPR sensor was simulated to detect the change of refractive index. It is also known that interval and radius of nanoparticles influence the SPR peak. Monitor the change of SPR spectra in aqueous solution. The results demonstrate gold nanoparticles array SPR can detect the concentrations of solutions. This method provides a feasible direction for detecting the heavy metal ions.

In this work, a flexible ammonia (NH₃) sensor was prepared by depositing PANI-TiO₂-Au ternary composite film on polyimide (PI) substrate with gold interdigital electrodes through an integrated method of in situ chemical oxidation polymerization and electrostatic self-assembly technique. The morphology, structure, and chemical features of the PANI-TiO₂-Au ternary composite film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrometer (UV-Vis), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). And the NH₃ response performances and flexibility of the PANI-TiO₂-Au sensor were evaluated at room temperature. results showed that the PANI-TiO₂-Au ternary composite film with hierarchical-structure was deposited on the PI successfully. And, the flexible PANI-TiO₂-Au sensor presented high response (89.7%-184.4%) and short response times (52 s-131 s) for 10-50 ppm NH₃, and it also displayed relatively stable response and ultra-low detectable concentration after 1000 bending/extending cycles, which should probably benefit from the good adhesion and flexibility of the PANI-TiO₂-Au ternary composite film. Therefore, the flexible PANI-TiO₂-Au sensor holds great promise for application into hand-held or wearable electronic devices for NH₃ detection.

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) using the polymer as the active layer are being intensively developed for flexible electronics including the gas sensor. However, as same as the other kinds of OFET gas sensors, its selectivity is not quite good enough. As we all know, the interfaces, including semiconductor/semiconductor and semiconductor/dielectric, play important roles in gas sensing. In this work, we introduced additional non-conjugated polymer into the polymer active layer, to modulate the selectivity of polymer-based OFET gas sensors to a certain gas. As a result, we can get two kinds of high selective gas sensors based on single polymer OFETs. Both the detection limit, response and selectivity of ammonia and nitrogen dioxide were significantly improved with different non-conjugated polymers, and the device cost was also reduced by a factor of eight as compared to that using pure polymer material. By analyzing the electrical characteristics of OFET sensors and combining with the intrinsic characteristic of the non-conjugated polymers, we systematically studied the mechanism of the performance improvement.

We present in this work a calibration method for under-display optical fingerprint sensor. Sources of nonuniformity in captured raw images are analyzed, which are attributed to Moiré fringe and rear leakage of pixel luminance. An algorithm is proposed to filter the fingerprint image based on two pre-stored frames measured with standard reflecting surfaces. As a result, clear fingerprint images are obtained from an under-OLED optical sensor.

In this work, we fabricated the ternary bulk hetero junction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) by doping a phosphorescent small molecule bis[2-(4-tertbutylphenyl)benzothiazolato-N,C2′] iridium(acetylacetonate)[(tbt)₂Ir(acac)] into the conventional active layer of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). After doping (tbt)₂Ir(acac), the short circuit current and fill factor are simultaneously enhanced compared with binary device and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of P3HT:PC₇₁BM based ternary devices is improved from 2.99% to 4.14%. More excellent photovoltaic performance of ternary PSCs is mainly attributed to enhanced charge transportation by appropriate energy cascade alignment and enhanced exciton harvesting by Foerster resonance energy transfer from (tbt)2Ir(acac) to P3HT.

In this study, we report the ternary organic solar cells by doping a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material (4 s ,6 s )-2,4,5,6-tetra( 9H -carbazol-9-yl) isophthalonitrile (4CzIPN) in the binary poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) :[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₁BM) blends. Given the complementary absorption with P3HT, 4CzIPN was doped into (P3HT:PC₇₁BM)-based binary blends, and ternary OSCs were developed, The ternary OSCs with 1.0 wt% of 4CzIPN displayed better phase separation of active layer, thus leading to an impressive efficiency of 3.94 % with open-circuit voltage of 0.54 V, short-circuit density of 11.58 mA/cm^-2 and fill factor of 63.32%.

The structural and optical characteristics of nearly stoichiometric lithium tantalate films have been studied. The LiTaO3 films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering method and the phase was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. The optical properties were obtained from optical transmittance spectroscopy in UV-vis.-NIR range. The electronic band gap structure were determined from the fundamental absorption edge in the UV region. The evolution of defect structures caused by varying composition and post-growth processing has been evaluated from the optical absorption measurements. Optical absorption studies showed that the UV absorption edge is very sensitive to the composition of LiTaO3 films. The absorption features in the UV range indicate the discrete nature of conduction band and the allowed energy levels in the forbidden gap appeared due to surface defects.

Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (DASH) realizes atmospheric wind field detection utilizing Doppler effect. In process of atmospheric wind velocity retrieval, the raw interferogram contains the low frequency baseline and the tempolabile background. And the truncation effect of spectrometer can bring in spiculate discontinuity on the edge of the range of the raw interferogram. These problems have impact on working out the phase information of the target spectral line accurately. Meanwhile, there are stray spectral lines and noise in the recovered spectrum, which make the phase of the interferogram change and the retrieved wind velocity mistake. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the method ofremoving baseline and apodization in process of getting the phase information of the recovered spectrum in actual noisy environment. The results indicate that the optimizations of high-pass filtering method and least square fitting method are similar, while calculus of differences method is better than both of them in the aspect of removing baseline. As for the method of apodization, the overall performances of Hanning window, Hamming window and triangular window are better than other apodization functions and the optimizing effects are more stable. The inversion accuracy of algorithm is increased by 30% as the first-order differential filtering method is used to remove the low frequency baseline and the Hanning window is used to apodize.

Low temperature poly silicon technology with a temperature of 400℃ was developed and discussed for the application of flexible liquid crystal display (LCD). By optimizing the doping and activation processes, the TFT device with a mobility of 80 cm²/V•s was fabricated successfully. Also we studied the mechanism of doping and activation at 400℃, and found out that the upper limit of implanted dosage and electrical activation rate were 2 × 10¹⁴ ions/cm² and 20%, respectively.

A new kind of CMOS image sensor test method, which is different from test standards EMVA1288 and ESCC 25000， is proposed in this paper based on photo transfer theory by using the rough adaptive genetic algorithm (RAGA). This test method can measure both system gain and dark signal together by utilizing dark field grey value only in dark field. In this way the complexity of test is reduced, and high and low temperature tests and dynamic burn-in test become easy to be carried out. Without light field exposure, the stability and reliability of dark signal testing are improved in certain extent. The experiment result shows that, this new test method is available and dependable. It reduces the complexity of test equipment and environment, simplifies test flow, shortens test duration, and decreases test cost.

We propose a blind-pixel detection method based on Visual Features-Statistics(VFS), which efficiently locate random bad pixels and fixed bad pixels, which including two steps. First of all, we input one image into our system. An initial detection method based on the visual characteristics is used on the image, which is used to mark the location of the pixel obviously below or higher than the other pixel values. Second, as the multi frame images are read in, the pixel position information is accumulated. At this very moment, we obtain the position weight and its histogram information. According to the confidence coefficient of the weight histogram, the blind-pixel was divided into three grades: grade 1 blind-pixels, grade 2 blind-pixels and graded 3 blind-pixels, in which, grade 3 are normal pixels. We classify the grades by the confidence boundary 0.99 and 0.95. We compensation different grade blind-pixels to meet our demand in image. By experiment, we found that our method based on visual features have detected the blind-pixels accurately, and used for many occasion. At the same time, our method maintains more details and point target information, which is suitable for software and hardware implementation.

With the continuous development of software and hardware technology, light field imaging technology has become the representative product of Frontier optics. The process of light field imaging can be divided into two parts: light field information acquisition and light field data processing. In this paper, the development process of light field imaging technology is summarized, and three kinds of acquisition methods of light field are introduced. Also, several main algorithms of light field imaging technology are summarized, whose advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Finally, the application prospects and research direction of light field imaging technology are pointed out，emphasizing on the dynamic target monitoring based on camera array d the multi target autofocus imaging in special scene.

The transmitting power of monochrome infrared LED device is affected by factors that should be considered as those changing unstably, including transmission distance, the working current of the light source, operating frequency and so on. This thesis established a model through calibration experiment and curve fitting to measure influences and employed Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) to optimize the multiple variables system and obtain optimal variable conditions directly. Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) is a global optimal algorithm, which does not have many mathematic condition requirements for all optimal problems to be solved and does not need the intrinsic properties of the problem in the search process. Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) can deal with objective functions and restrictions in all forms including linear ones, nonlinear ones, continuous ones and discrete ones and can provide much flexibility for various special problems to construct heuristic optimization in independent fields because of its evolution characteristic. Therefore, Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) is suitable to deal with the influences to monochrome infrared LED devices caused by the change of various external factors under different physical mechanisms. This method can solve the bottleneck problem of paper moisture measurement technology and increase measurement precision.