Label-free optical detection, grading, and staging of urothelial carcinoma through multimodal fibre-probe spectroscopy

Enrico Baria; Suresh Anand; Riccardo Fantechi; Simone Morselli; Mauro Gacci; Sergio Serni; Marco Carini; Riccardo Cicchi; Francesco S. Pavone

doi:10.1117/12.2508505

26 February 2019 Label-free optical detection, grading, and staging of urothelial carcinoma through multimodal fibre-probe spectroscopy

Enrico Baria, Suresh Anand, Riccardo Fantechi, Simone Morselli, Mauro Gacci, Sergio Serni, Marco Carini, Riccardo Cicchi, Francesco S. Pavone

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Proceedings Volume 10852, Therapeutics and Diagnostics in Urology 2019; 1085206 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2508505
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2019, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common type of bladder cancer. Its treatment depends from both tumour extension (stage) and aggressiveness (grade). The gold standard for detecting UC is white-light cystoscopy, followed by tissue biopsy and pathological examination for determining tumour stage and grade. However, such process is invasive, time-consuming and prone to sampling errors. In this framework, optical spectroscopy techniques provide fast, label-free and non-invasive alternatives to standard histopathology. Thus, we combined auto-fluorescence, diffuse reflectance and Raman spectroscopies in a compact and transportable setup based on an optical fibre-probe. The latter was coupled to three laser diodes (emitting at 378 nm, 445 nm and 785 nm) and to a halogen lamp for exciting and collecting autofluorescence, Raman and reflectance spectra, respectively. This experimental setup was used for studying fresh biopsies of urothelial tumour (82 samples) and healthy bladder (32 samples) collected from 49 patients undergoing Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumours (TURBT). All spectral recordings were done within 30 minutes from surgical resection, and optical inspection required less than 2 minutes for each sample. The recorded data were analysed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for obtaining an automated classification of the examined samples based on the intrinsic spectral information provided by all three techniques. We found that multimodal spectroscopy provides high-sensitivity, high-specificity discriminating capability for UC detection, grading and staging. The presented strategy generates results similar to gold standard histology, but in a fast and label-free way, offering the potential for endoscopic in vivo applications.

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Enrico Baria, Suresh Anand, Riccardo Fantechi, Simone Morselli, Mauro Gacci, Sergio Serni, Marco Carini, Riccardo Cicchi, and Francesco S. Pavone "Label-free optical detection, grading, and staging of urothelial carcinoma through multimodal fibre-probe spectroscopy", Proc. SPIE 10852, Therapeutics and Diagnostics in Urology 2019, 1085206 (26 February 2019); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2508505

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KEYWORDS

Raman spectroscopy

Bladder

Principal component analysis

Spectroscopy

Tissues

Fluorescence spectroscopy

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

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