Brillouin spectroscopy is a powerful optical technique for non-contact viscoelastic characterizations of materials. Recently, Brillouin spectroscopy combined with confocal microscopy has found applications in high-resolution three-dimensional mechanical mapping of biological samples. These advances enabled in-vivo biomechanical studies of cells and tissues at sub-cellular resolution, however, Brillouin spectroscopy performances are rapidly degraded by optical aberrations and have therefore been so far limited to homogenous transparent samples. Thus, correcting sample aberrations to enable mechanical characterization within inhomogeneous medium, remains the current barrier on the versatility of this emerging technique. In this work, we developed an adaptive optics (AO) configuration designed for Brillouin scattering spectroscopy to dynamically correct aberrations induced by interrogated samples and optical elements. Our configuration does not require direct wavefront sensing and the injection of a ‘guide-star’; hence, it can be implemented without the need for sample pre-treatment. We used our wavefront corrected Brillouin spectrometer in aberrated phantoms and biological samples and obtained improved precision and resolution of Brillouin spectral analysis; we demonstrated 2.5-fold enhancement in Brillouin signal strength and 1.4-fold improvement in axial resolution as a result of the correction of optical aberrations. We further showed that our correction process is essential when mechanical characterization is performed under low signal-to-noise conditions, as is often the case for low Brillouin gain materials.
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