The space-based detection system is gradually indispensable into situational awareness systems such as near-celestial bodies and space debris because it has the characteristics of being unrestricted by factors such as climate and geography, and can be observed over a long period of time. At present, the international on-orbit detection of near-celestial bodies and space debris is widespread, that is, the lack of measurement system development and design means, and the lack of data sources. The paper focuses on the principle of space debris on-orbit imaging. Three image information extraction methods and two relative attitude determination methods are proposed. The simulation algorithm of space debris on-orbit imaging is constructed, and the feasibility of the simulation scheme is used. Performance, accuracy, data processing efficiency and other performance were evaluated. The results of the paper will contribute to the early analysis and assessment of space debris.
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