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Hawkmoth wings consist of veins and membrane elements that undergo large deformations while moving through the air. The intention of this paper is to create an Euler-Bernoulli beam that can model the complex structure of a hawkmoth forewing. The beam undergoes bending and torsion, and its modal analysis and deformation data are validated against those of the wing structure created based on the finite-element method and a biological wing. A multibody dynamics approach is employed to model the deformation of the beam wing when it oscillates at the frequency of an actual hawkmoth.
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Vu Dan Thanh Le, Anh Tuan Nguyen, Van Binh Phung, Tien Dat Pham, Jae-Hung Han, "The beam modelling of the hawkmoth wing structure," Proc. SPIE 11374, Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and Bioreplication X, 113740L (22 April 2020); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2558146