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Integration of fluorescent nanoparticles into photonic resonators is crucial for on-chip integration and applications in nanophotonics and quantum technologies. In this work we demonstrate a cavity design with a pocket at its center to host fluorescent nanoparticles. Simulations show that filling the pocket with a particle drastically reduces the mode volume to ~ 0.015 (λ/n)3 and strongly increases the field overlap of the fluorescent material with the cavity mode thus achieving more efficient coupling. We then demonstrate a method to fabricate dielectric cavities that naturally form a nano-pocket during the processing steps. Finally, the functionality of devices with and without particle in the pocket are directly compared. We show a PL enhancement by a factor of 20 and 2.5-fold lifetime reduction at room temperature versus 3.5 PL enhancement and 1.7 lifetime reduction for cavities with particle in a pocket and particle outside a pocket, respectively.
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Johannes E. Fröch, Sejeong Kim, Milos Toth, Igor Aharonovich, "Photonic nanobeam cavities with nano-pockets for efficient integration of fluorescent nanoparticles," Proc. SPIE 11471, Quantum Nanophotonic Materials, Devices, and Systems 2020, 114710G (20 August 2020); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2569034