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Conventional optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy is limited by poor axial imaging resolution because of insufficient ultrasound detection bandwidth. Here we propose a polarization-differential surface plasmon sensor for photoacoustic detection, and realized an enhanced noise-equivalent-pressure sensitivity of ~120 Pa and a much broader photoacoustic bandwidth over 200 MHz, which provides an axial resolution of ~6.5 µm. We demonstrated that the capability in such micrometer-scale resolution enables in vivo volumetric label-free imaging of the microvasculature in not only the thin ear but also the thick forelimb of living mice. With advantages of reflection-mode signal capture, improved photoacoustic detection sensitivity and bandwidth, our system offers more opportunities for biomedical investigation.
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