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Human female breast is composed of skin, fibrous tissue, breast glands and fat. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the epithelial tissue of breast glands. The breast is not an important organ for maintaining human life. Breast cancer in situ is not fatal; however, because breast cancer cells lose the characteristics of normal cells, the connections between cells are loose and easy to fall off. Once the cancer cells fall off, the free cancer cells can spread throughout the body with the blood or lymph fluid, forming metastases, and endangering life. Breast cancer has become a common tumor threatening women's physical and mental health. Therefore, studying the interaction between laser and breast tissue and breast tumors has important theoretical and practical significance for the treatment of breast cancer. To this end, this research uses the commercial finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics to develop a two-dimensional numerical simulation model based on finite element, which studies the propagation and heat transfer of light in the breast of breast cancer patients. In this study, the model consists of four parts: 1) water layer; 2) breast; 3) breast tumor; 4) short pulse laser source (wavelength is 840nm). The laser point source is located in the middle of the water layer above the breast tissue to irradiate the breast and tumor. Simulate the propagation of light in the breast and tumor by solving the diffusion equation. The temperature changes of breast tissue and breast tumors are obtained by solving the biological heat transfer equation. This research helps to understand the spread of light in human breasts and breast tumors and the interaction between the two, and has certain theoretical guiding significance for the research and treatment of breast cancer.
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