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In this paper, the physical model of the coherent polarization beam combination (CPBC) system is established by using Jones-matrix mathematics, and then the coherent-adding mechanisms between the sub-beams in temporal, spatial and spectral domains are analyzed. The intrinsic relationship between optical-field coherence decay and beam misalignment is established from temporal domain (optical-path deviation, phase-locking residual), spatial domain (beam-pointing deviation, spot-overlapping deviation, spot-width error) and spectral domain (B-integral imbalance, dispersion imbalance, central-wavelength drift, spectrum-width error) respectively. Furthermore, the dependence between the combining efficiency and the individual experimentally-measurable misalignment is quantified using numerical simulation, and the error tolerance of the each factor is calibrated separately for efficient combination, which provides quantitative guidance for the practical system. The results of this paper can be applied to the analysis of cascade extended array CPBC system after proper mathematical extension. In addition, this study also provides a feasible quantitative analysis method for the degradation of optical-field coherence between coherent beams, which can be applied to other research fields that require optical coherence management.
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