With the evolution of communication system toward higher capacity and higher speed, optoelectronic and microwave devices, such as photodiodes and electro-optic modulators, have been developed to operate at tens of or even beyond one hundred gigahertz. Terahertz bands and the corresponding devices are also playing increasingly important roles for future information systems. Traditional measurement methods and instruments, such as vector network analyzers and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, are expensive, and bulky as well as other performance limitations. On the other hand, optical frequency comb (OFC) is one of the ultrafast optics technologies that has become a powerful and essential tool for numerous high-resolution metrology applications. Recently, dual-comb metrology techniques based on two sets of combs with slightly different comb-tooth spacing have attracted more attention, which have been applied in optical spectroscopy, THz domain metrology, absolute distance measurement and microwave signal characterization. However, the traditional dual-comb systems need two complicated and costly frequency-stabilized ultrafast lasers, and it prevents the application of these attractive schemes to field-deployed applications. In the past few years, there had been many efforts to explore solutions to realize simplified dual-comb systems. One approach is based on the generation of dual combs with high mutual coherence from one mode locked laser. Here, we illustrate the real-time, signal characterization and identification techniques enabled by the simplified dual-comb lasers.
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