This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 12040 including the Title Page, Copyright information, and Table of Contents.

In this work, thermal and luminescent properties of lithium-borate glass and glass-ceramics co-doped with Eu³⁺/Dy³⁺ and Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺ ions have been investigated. The parent borate glasses were synthesized by the standard melt-quenching method. The amount of crystallites grown in the glass was controlled by the appropriate choice of annealing time and temperature. Stronger luminescence has been observed for glass-ceramics than for glass in each case. Zinc lithium borate (LiBZnF) glass-ceramics co-doped with 0.25Eu and 0.5Tb had the strongest luminescence under 388 nm laser excitation. The energy transfer mechanisms between Tb³⁺ and Eu³⁺ ions and Dy³⁺ and Eu³⁺ ions were discussed. Also, the influence of the molar ratio of active ions on the colour coordinates (CIE-1931) have been investigated.

In this paper, thermal and luminescent properties of antimony-germanate SGS glass and glass-ceramic doped with europium ions as structural probe and phosphorus oxide as nucleation agent have been investigated. The effect of the modified synthesis of glass and heat treatment process on thermal and luminescence properties was discussed in detail. The study of luminescence changes was carried out with 395nm laser excitation, in the temperature range of 50 to 500°C. Fabricated SGS glass and glass-ceramic doped with europium ions have interesting effects in the different relations between radiative transitions. Strong and partially linear changes in asymmetry ratio between electric-dipole transition (EDT) and magneticdipole transition (MDT) as a function of temperature were analyzed as potential ways to obtain the sensitive optical temperature sensor. According to the results we concluded that antimony-germanate glass can be used as active materials for glass-ceramic optical fiber and photonic sensor.

(Ga_0.3In_0.7)₂Se₃ films were deposited by the thermal evaporation technique. As-deposited (Ga_0.3In_0.7)₂Se₃ films were irradiated using wideband radiation of Cu-anode X-ray tube at different exposure times. The spectral dependences of refractive index and extinction coefficient were measured by the spectral ellipsometry technique. The optical transmission spectra of X-ray irradiated (Ga_0.3In_0.7)₂Se₃ films were studied depending on irradiation time. Parameters of Urbach absorption edge for X-ray irradiated (Ga_0.3In_0.7)₂Se₃ thin films were determined and compared with nonirradiated film. The spectral dependences of refractive indices of non-irradiated and X-ray irradiated (Ga_0.3In_0.7)₂Se₃ films are described in the framework of Wemple and DiDomenico model. TThe variation of the parameters of Wemple and DiDomenico model for non-irradiated and X-ray irradiated (Ga_0.3In_0.7)₂Se₃ films was discussed.

(Cu_1-хAg_x)₇GeS(Se)₅I mixed crystals were grown by vertical zone crystallization method, they are shown to crystallize in cubic structure ( F43m space group, Z=4). Refractive indices for (Cu_1-xAg_x)₇GeS(Se)5I mixed crystals were obtained from the spectral ellipsometry measurements. Two anomalies of refractive index in the spectrum region from 300 nm to 1000 nm are observed. One of them corresponds to the band-to-band optical transition while another one to the interband Van Hove-Phillips singularity. The dispersion dependences of refractive indices for (Cu1-хAgx)7GeS(Se)5I mixed crystals in the transparency region is well described by Wemple and DiDomenico model. The influence of the cation Cu→Ag substitution and anion S→Se substitution on the optical parameters of (Cu_1-хAg_x)₇GeS(Se)5I mixed crystals has been investigated.

This work is devoted to the design and development of an intelligent information system for predicting the phase stability of solid solutions. Such solutions are used as a base for new luminescent materials. The main trends in the development of intelligent information systems were analyzed that led to a modification of a model for predicting the phase stability of solid solutions. The paper presents a variant review and selection of software design and development methods. Oracle Application Express (programming languages javascript, HTML, pl/SQL) and pl/SQL developer (programming language pl/SQL) were chosen as the software design environment. The paper also contains the analysis of database design methods with the software developed, including a definition of the main functions of the system.

The paper presents a model of light passing through translucent materials. The model allows you to effectively model effects that models of the bi-beam reflectivity function cannot provide, such as color propagation within materials and light diffusion across shadow boundaries. The method is effective for anisotropic, highly scattering material that is difficult to simulate using existing approaches. The proposed model combines an exact solution for single light scattering with a point source of approximate diffusion for multiple scattering. An image-based method for determining the optical properties of light-transparent materials is described. The method of data sampling using the ray-tracing method is considered. A method for displaying mirror and glossy surfaces is proposed. The use of aspect measurements for displaying metallic and mother-of-pearl colors of surfaces is considered. The implementation of an intuitive choice of model reflection parameters and a method of appearance refinement independent of the reflection model is proposed. An important aspect of the method is the ability to quickly display homogeneous and pseudo-homogeneous objects, for which it is not necessary to completely scan the volume, reaching the last level of recursion, but it is necessary to ‘skip’ homogeneous areas along the Z coordinate, and immediately calculate the color and overall transparency.

The focus of this research is on the upgrade of the electromyographic system of diagnosing back pain. Back pain is a common ailment that affects people of different classes and differs in its intensity. The evaluation of the condition of the back muscles is carried out according to the results of an electromyographic examination during physical exercise. Electromyographic results are strongly correlated with the degree of tension and flexion of the muscle. The quality of the physical exercise by the patient can be determined by the presence of pain or fear of pain. In this regard, it is proposed to supplement the electromyographic complex with blocks of control of the level of pain, degree of flexion of the back muscles, and sound stimulus to maintain maximal back flexion

The article is devoted to the problem of studying microcirculation, because one of the reasons for the development of microcirculation disorders is hypoxia, which is associated with a violation of the normal anatomy of the capillary wall, changes in the properties of blood rheologies, acceleration or deceleration of microflow. Capillaries are the first to react to long-term disturbance of nasal breathing by changing the functional state and morphological restructuring of micro vessels in the bloodstream. Based on the results of the research work, software was developed that was tested on patients with pathology of intranasal structures and impaired respiratory function. The advanced method of optical capillaroscopy allows not only to perform a visual assessment of the condition of microvessels, but also to determine such an important parameter as blood flow velocity and actually replace the laser Doppler study.

Acceptable errors of eye optical system parameters preoperative biometrics are substantiated. It allows to determine intraocular lens (IOL) optical power with the accuracy that provides the error of planned postoperative refraction within ±0.25 diopters. It was found that depending on the location of the IOL in the patient's eye, allowable error in determining the required IOL optical power for emetropic postoperative refraction is from ±0.3 to ±0.42 diopters, and for the average eye optical system is within ±0.337 diopters. It is shown that allowable error in determining the required optical power of the implanted IOL is provided if geometric parameters of aphakia eye – the average radius of cornea curvature, the IOL location in the eye and the focal length of the virtual paraxial component, are measured with the same permissible errors ±0.055 mm.

Authors considered the possibility of designing a non-invasive biomedical Raman spectrophotometer for the near infrared range using an ellipsoidal reflector as a collecting and focusing optical element to evaluation the biological media components, particularly glucose level. The technical solution for creating the spectrophotometer and its prototype are presented in this paper. The research of the experimental setup was observed faster and more sensitive photodetector reaction to the dynamic blood glucose changes of concentration. Practical testing was carried out by the Raman shift signal measuring on healthy volunteers at different time intervals with food intake associated. The experimental setup principles can be used to design a portable non-invasive glucometer or to quantitatively analyses the chemical composition of biological objects by changing Raman filters.

The work is aimed at the development and experimental testing of the polarization-spectral method for analyzing the polycrystalline structure of the synovial fluid films of a human joint. comparing the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the methods of polarimetry in the diagnosis and differentiation of the above pathological conditions of the joints, we can conclude: the highest sensitivity, specificity and accuracy are demonstrated by the method of spectropolarimetry, sensitivity reaches 92 - 93%, specificity - 82 - 86%, and accuracy - 88% - 89%. additionally, the possibility of diagnosing the type of brain stroke by changing the polarization spectral characteristics is considered.

A mobile robot has been developed to monitor the state of the atmosphere and phyto-condition in protected ground facilities to form control strategies that maximize production profits. The free and open ROS (Robot Operating System) software shell was used as a basis for building a mobile robot information system. The paper considers a non-contact method of assessing the condition of plants (formation of the number of flowers in the inflorescence, the number of fruits per branch, average weight and ripeness of the fruit, fruit weight gain) using wavelet analysis, during which each image obtained with a video camera located on a mobile robot, decomposes into wave functions. The training on the accumulation of experience of trial and error of the route by the robot was conducted and it was determined that with the accumulation of experience the number of unsuccessful attempts and time of the route decreases, while the number of received incentives increases.

The work is aimed at the development and experimental testing of the polarization-correlation method for the analysis of the polycrystalline structure of biological layers. introduced a new parameter-complex degree of mutual anisotropy. the statistical (statistical moments of the 1st – 4th orders) structure of the distributions of the values of the cdma module of spatially structured fibrillar networks of histological sections of the myocardium that died due to mechanical asphyxia and heart attack was experimentally studied.

A new digital technique for objective differential diagnosis of the septic process severity was developed and experimentally tested by phase mapping of microscopic images of histological sections of polycrystalline internal organs and blood films of laboratory rats. the results of statistical analysis of histological sections of the internal organs of rats from control group 1 and research groups 2 to 4 with different severity of septic pathology are presented.

The work is aimed at the development and experimental testing of the polarization method for analyzing the polycrystalline structure of the human biological tissues. the main relationships between temporary changes in the statistical structure of topographic maps of the degree of crystallization of histological sections of the internal organs of a person and variations in the magnitude of the statistical moments of the 1st - 4th orders that characterize them are revealed. It is shown that with an increase in the damage duration, the statistical parameters of linear birefringence maps change according to the following scenario — the average and dispersion values decrease, asymmetry and excess, on the contrary, increase

The aim of this article is to present the electronic system of a thermal imaging camera with low power consumption. The 80x80 Micro80Gen2 microbolometric array of detectors absorbs infrared radiation in the LWIR spectral range (Long Wavelength InfraRed, 8 – 12 μm). All electronics and PCBs were developed the KiCad environment. The entire digital part of the electronic circuit has been integrated within a reprogrammable FPGA chip from the Spartan 6 family. In order to read and display thermal images, an applications in the .NetFramework 3.1 platform was written implementing nonuniformity correction (NUC) and image processing. Due to its low cost, small size and weight, the camera can be used in various applications, e.g. in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) knows as drones [4].

Conception of optoimmittance converters construction is developed. The system of their classification is grounded, basic parameters were defined, requirements was formulated and possible ways of their technical implementation was analysed. By combining a set of the optical and immittance parameters it is possible to realize a large number of optoimmittance converters.

Meteorological stations are facilities with measurement instrumentation and auxiliary equipment intended to measure a set of parameters. The main usages of such stations are weather reporting and forecasting. As meteorological stations are complex measurement systems, their siting area density is limited. In such locations, meteorological models or a set of local sensors are used for reading atmospheric parameters. So far, data transfer automation of local readings to meteorological databases as well as user reading of remotely collected data is well established. But, little information has been presented about automated verifying local measurement systems with meteorological models' use. Thus, this paper proposes applying the IoT method of remote accessing weather data models in classic local measurement systems equipped with a local sensor set. Investigations results confirmed the usability of local sensing device use in measurements of atmospheric conditions as temperature, pressure, and humidity, where required time resolution is greater than 30 minutes, as standard accessed meteorological data time resolution is 30 or 60 minutes. Automated meteorological verification of local sensor heads readings requires geographical position data like latitude, longitude. As atmospheric pressure information in meteorological models is presented at virtual sea level, height above sea level of local sensor is also required. Thus, the proposed and examined configuration of the IoT sensing device has to include a method that provides access to information on localization. This way, the proposed sensing device creates the possibility of sensing heads maintenance only to required situations.

The concept of Chemical Subsystem of the Innovative System for Detecting Hidden People in Transport (CHS-ISDHPT) is one of three subsystems of the Mobile Operating Platform (MOP-ISDHPT). The MOP-ISDHPT will be used to increase the detection of illegal smuggling of people. The chemical subsystem will consist of: a transport platform, a sample conditioning system, a gas chromatograph coupled with an ion-mobility spectrometer (GC-IMS), and a data integrator. Two concepts of CHS-ISDHPT development are considered, differing in the location of the GC-IMS installation. Apart from the location of the GC-IMS, both concepts differ in the method of measurement, ease of use, detection limit, and exposure of the analytical equipment to environmental conditions.

The paper focuses on a new approach to variable wavelength interferometry. The presented optical configuration includes a continuously variable bandpass filter instead of a continuously tuned light source. In the demonstrated solution sequential recording of images is not necessary. The fringe field analysis utilizes a single image. The solution is suitable for both transmitted and reflected-light modes. The filter can be mounted in different parts of the optical system. In this paper, we demonstrate initial results of measurements of the spectral characteristic of a retarder when the filter is placed in the plane of the field stop in the Kӧhler illumination system. The fast analysis of the single interferogram constitutes the key element of novelty of the system and enables the instrument to be used in industrial environment.

In situations of failure of communication systems or lack of access to telecommunications infrastructure, it is necessary to use alternative solutions [1]. In such a situation, it is possible to use a dedicated vehicle equipped with various communication means. The standard limitation of all means of communication is the limited range. One of the ways to increase the range may be the use of MESH networks. If humans wear MESH network devices, the structure of this network can change dynamically. When only short text messages are transmitted, changes in the network structure may be unnoticeable to users; however, in the case of large amounts of data transmissions, e.g., during an audio/video connection, the method of implementing a network topology change may be necessary.

Approaches to the development of the system of audio synthesis and analysis are considered. Described ready to use cloud solutions and their drawbacks that can make engineers choose custom implementation in order to satisfy required use cases that are to be implemented. Considered an option of using optic fiber processors on the server-side application in order to optimize the music recognition flow. Considered various options of build systems that help to configure project build configuration which is especially important while developing cross-platform solutions. Therefore, technologies for developing cross-platform applications and systems are also described. In order to make the system work efficiently, it is important to build all the components in a correct way in order to provide a clean implementation and architecture. Additionally, there are considered approaches of server-side optimization of music recognition and search process by introducing load balancing and parallel matching.

Thermonuclear fusion will be a promising energy source soon. Sophisticated systems are called tokamaks (toroidal chambers with magnetic coils) to generate hot plasma. Currently, the fusion process is not yet fully controlled. To better understand it, scientists use diagnostic systems that record plasma behavior. A particular group of diagnostic systems is responsible for the analysis of plasma impurities. The article briefly discusses the method of producing energy from a controlled nuclear fusion. Then, it presents groups of diagnostic systems in terms of their functions and focuses on systems dedicated to monitoring and analyzing plasma impurities. Parameters and limitations of representative currently used diagnostics systems for plasma impurities are described. In the end, the functional and technical requirements of plasma diagnostic systems designed for new tokamaks such as ITER and DEMO are discussed.

In the paper, methods for designing fast processing algorithms for Xilinx FPGA are presented. The paper describes different algorithm design methods on FPGA (iterative, pipelined, loop unrolled). The given methods' characteristics (potential performance, efficiency, and resource usage) are presented and compared. Algorithm design on FPGA using High-Level Synthesis technique (which allows using high-level languages C and C++) and hardware description language (HDL) are compared. The effect of the High-Level Synthesis technique on the performance of implemented algorithms, resource usage, and design time is described. This paper presents an experiment (based on checksum "Fletcher-16") that investigates the advantages of the HLS technique and the HDL.

The paper depicts nowadays approach for object oriented hardware modeling, synthesis, implementation and management. Implementation is realized for control and diagnosis class of multichannel, distributed measurement systems based on FPGA chips. The paper presents solution described as software model based on method of address space management called the Component Internal Interface (CII) and its aftermath: its’ updated version Virtual Bus CII (vBUScomp). Therefore, progress and evaluation of these methods and differences between them are described. Article presents software model implemented as an independent tool for test, maintantanance, verification and development CII based reconfigurable hardware systems. Furthermore, state of the art and worldwide used models are brought for compare with solution presented by authors in the paper.

This paper describes the design of the RF front-end, currently implemented as a part of a long-range UHF radio transceiver. The project aims to condition the commercial WiFi HaLow (IEEE 802.11ah) signal to fit in the desired frequency band and enable communication for longer distances. Assumptions of the design, described at the beginning, are followed by a more detailed description of subsequent hardware functional blocks that handle data transmission.

The paper presents the subject of the selection of laser illuminator parameters for 3D vision systems using the MTL laser triangulation method. The influence of the adopted configuration of 3D vision system on the image of the laser beam registered by the camera is discussed. Selected examples are presented in which an unusual distribution of the beam has been observed on the surface of the imaged object. These examples are discussed in terms of the possibility of using the laser triangulation method for the precise imaging of the shape of the imaging product. Examples of differences in beam image distribution on selected sayings and materials are also discussed.

The article presents the usage of machine vision to automate quality control (QC) of metallic surfaces. QC include detection of selected defects of metallic surface, i.e. scratches, cracks. Imaging using the scatter method has been proposed, resulting in greater contrast. The article provides a detailed description of the measurement stand, image acquisition method and image analysis algorithm. The project’s principal aim is to construct an automatic system that controls the state of the surface with a frequency of 6 Hz.

In the recent years a number of FPGA manufacturers have developped System-on-Chip (SoC) devices which integrate FPGA fabric with ARM cores and ADCs/DACs. At the same time, following the rising popularity of deep learning, deep-learning frameworks using FPGA SoCs have emerged which can be used to easily deploy complex neural network models for in-the-field inference. The following paper describes how synthetic-appertureradar satellites based on modern FPGA SoCs can leverage these new developments and gain on-board detection capabilities. In the first section the synthetic aperture radar system is introduced, and modern FPGA SoC features are discussed and the reasoning behindenabling on-board sythetic aperture radar detection capabilities is presented. The next section describes a ship detection system which could be impemented on existing SoCbased radar payloads. The paper is concluded with a few observations on how implementing such a system could affect existing radar platforms.

Small satellite platforms with television cameras onboard became popular in recent years. Many of these devices are non-commercial and are student-built. The small budget of such a mission suggests mainly educational use. Meanwhile, high-quality pre-flight radiometric calibration of onboard equipment will significantly expand the range of remote sensing tasks performed by the mission. This article describes a method and equipment for measuring the main energy characteristics of television cameras - signal transmission function, zone characteristics, noise signal of matrix detector. The proposed equipment provides a high dynamic range with good accuracy and has a low cost.

Periodic fiber structures generally referred to as fiber Bragg gratings are of increasing interest to sensor designers. In recent years, structures in which the phase planes are not perpendicular to the fiber axis have appeared. The paper is devoted to modeling the dependence of the TFBG spectral response on the phase plane tilt angle. The article also contains measurement results of gratings produced on the basis of the model.

Ongoing energy measurement has become mandatory for accelerator installations for radiation sterilization. It is one of the parameters such as: electron beam current, transporter speed, or scanning width, that must be recorded according to the conditions imposed in the accelerator validation procedure. Described measurement method based on the use of a secondary electron collecting electrode has been tested at the electron beam linear accelerator installation typically used for radiation sterilization. Data processing and presentation of the electron beam characteristics is based on the information obtained via dedicated pulse acquisition interface. The energy spectra parameters provide also knowledge of accelerator RF alignment in case of service.

Wilga 2021 Summer Symposium on Photonics Applications and Web Engineering was the 48th edition of the research and technical meetings series [1,2]. Traditionally, the whole week lasting annual series of technical conferences and topical sessions was scheduled to be held on 26 May – 02 June 2020 in Wilga resort near Warsaw, owned by the Warsaw University of Technology. Nearly 150 participants took part in all of the Wilga 2021 events, most of them being young researchers active in all aspects of photonics, electronics and ICT science and technology. Wilga Symposium also embraces hardware and software technologies associated with photonics like optics, optical engineering, optoelectronics, electronics and electrical engineering, mechatronics, chemical and material engineering, applied physics, industrial solutions and applications. Around 100 papers were presented during Wilga 2021, oral and poster. Out of this number, some papers chosen by authors are published in this volume of Proc. SPIE mostly related to photonics. The major change was that during Wilga 2020 and 2021 Symposia, during summer editions, no traditional large young researcher sessions at large were possible to be organized.