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The information about intrapulse modulation is commonly used to augment data in electronic intelligence systems. However, increasingly popular nonlinear frequency modulated (NLFM) waveform is hardly ever distinguished as a separate waveform class by electronic support systems. In this paper a method of recognizing NLFM radar signal is presented. The algorithm is based on two novel features extracted from fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) and instantaneous frequency estimated via quasi-maximum-likelihood (QML) method. Moreover, the algorithm is designed to be resistant to the multipath effects, which are inherent to land-based intercept systems.
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Hubert Milczarek, Czeslaw Lesnik, Igor Djurović, "Automatic modulation classification of NLFM radar signal in multipath conditions," Proc. SPIE 12108, Radar Sensor Technology XXVI, 121080R (27 May 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2623805