This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 12255 including the Title Page, Copyright information, and Table of Contents.

Based on the 3d lightning location data and Doppler radar data, we analyzed the total lightning of a squall line that occurred in Beijing on July 1, 2021. A squall line is a mesoscale convection system in the atmosphere, which is extremely destructive in the process of occurrence, accompanied by lightning, hail, and other extreme weather, people need to take more precautions. The results show that intracloud lightning (IC) dominates the entire squall line process, accounting for about 74.3% of the total lightning. Both IC and cloud-to-ground strokes (CG) are dominated by negative lightning, accounting for 68.75% and 74.3%, respectively. When the convective units merged, the frequency of lightning increased rapidly, and the frequency of IC and CG reached their peak at the end of the squall line development phase. With the loosening of the structure of the strong echo zone, the frequency of IC and CG gradually decreases, and the IC and CG exhibit a singlepeak structure throughout the process. The lightning process is in good agreement with the radar strong echo area and accumulated precipitation. Lightning mostly occurs in the area where the echo >45dBz. The lightning development trend moves from northwest to southeast, which coincides with the entire squall line process. The number of positive CG and negative CG inhibited each other during the squall line, but the general trend was the same. The positive IC has a violent jump at the beginning of the development stage. This may be due to the strong ascending movement that raised the main negative charge area to a higher height, and it collided with the positive charge violently. With the consumption of a large amount of positive charge, the frequency of positive IC dropped rapidly thereafter.

The Al-forming austenitic (AFA) stainless steel are regarded as an excellent potential candidate for next generation nuclear reactor. But the irradiation effects on its microstructural and mechanical properties are still unclear. In this paper, irradiations with a 400KeV Fe+ accelerator at room temperature (RT), 673 K and 773 K were produced. Self-ions were selected to study the evolution of irradiated-induced dislocation loops singly avoiding an interaction with other irradiation defects. The loop nature, average size and density were affected obviously by irradiation dose and temperature. Two sets of dislocation loops were identified to b = 1/2<110< and b = 1/3<111< . Interestingly, b = 1/3<111< does not occupy the majority like other stainless steels, but their proportions and size enhanced with temperature and dose. The evolution of microstructure was illustrated, dislocation loops nucleate, grow, merge, and finally form dislocation network structure. The average size increased with irradiation parameters. While the number density is a little different, which increased with irradiation dose but showed an opposite tendency with temperature. The dislocation network structure would limit the growth of loops and reduce the density. The yield strength caused by the irradiation-induced dislocation loops would be further deepened mainly since the dislocation loop's average size plays a vital role.

This article presents a novel design of calibration method for purge and gas chromatograph - cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometer, basing on the working principle and essential measurement characteristics of the instrument. Measurement linear error, detection limit, qualitative repeatability and quantitative repeatability are determined as the main measurement calibration indexes according to this calibration method. The results show that the method is scientific, reasonable and applicable, and can be used to evaluate the measurement performance of purge and gas chromatograph - cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometer. This article can also be a reference for colleagues in measurement industry as well as the users of the instrument.

The linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal is a common transmit signal of radar, which can significantly improve the performance of the radar. However, when the main lobe of the radar is affected by interrupted sampling reperter jamming (ISRJ), its detection performance is degraded because the jamming signal and the transmitted signal are highly coincident in the time and frequency domains. Using the principle of time-domain discontinuity of the ISRJ signal, we propose an anti-ISRJ jamming algorithm based on time-domain filter and compressive sensing reconstruction. Then, we focus on analyzing the performance of the algorithm in suppressing ISRJ signals with different duty cycles. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively suppress ISRJ with different duty cycles, and the larger the ISRJ duty cycle, the better the suppression effect.

Metamaterials and metasurfaces have received wide attention because they exhibit excellent optical properties that natural materials do not possess, especially in refractive index biosensing, surface enhanced infrared absorption and surface enhanced Raman scattering. In this paper, a metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) metasurface grating SERS substrate structure was proposed. The perfect absorption characteristic of the metasurface is used to enhance the electric field of the dielectric layer, thereby generating an enhanced Raman signal. The absorbance of MDM metasurface grating was studied by finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis. The optimal matching relationship between grating parameters was analysed. The optimal MDM metasurface grating structure was obtained when the wavelength of incident light was 785 nm. The MDM metasurface grating was prepared and its SERS performance was verified experimentally, proving that the SERS enhancement factor can reach 10⁴ .

In recent years, graphene/silicon-based terahertz modulators have made great progress. Compared with electrical modulation, all-optical terahertz modulators have more advantages because of their larger modulation depth. In this paper, a multifunctional all-optical terahertz modulators based on graphene/TiO₂@Pt/Si has been designed and implemented, which can function as a terahertz modulator and a photodetector simultaneously. By introducing platinum nanoparticles coated with TiO₂ at the interface of traditional silicon/graphene modulator, electrons are introduced into the high mobility graphene layer through TiO₂ in the light state, which enhance the terahertz modulation depth of the device. In the dark state, the existence of platinum particles reduces the carrier lifetime of the device, which makes the photogenerated carriers quickly compound in the interface TiO₂ layer and improves the light response speed of the device. The results show that the terahertz modulation depth of the multifunctional composite device can reach 81%, and the dynamic modulation speed can reach 7.8 kHz. At the same time, it can realize the high-speed self-driven detection of 808 nm modulated light, and its response speed can reach 55 μs.

A variable gain tilting filter (VGTF) for dynamic gain flattening of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) is proposed based on PMN-PT, a transparent ceramic material with high electro-optic coefficient. The electro-optic coefficient of PMNPT is measured and a VGTF is assembled. The device is tuned in in phase and amplitude, respectively. The measured spectrum match well with theoretical simulation.

In recent years, advances in laser-based technologies have fueled a continuing optical revolution in neuroscience. Laser technology has the advantages of non-invasiveness, high spatial resolution, and high specificity, and has been widely used in neuroscience research. It has been found that many brain diseases are related to the changes of ion channels and neuron discharge characteristics. The study of the effect of weak laser light on the characteristics of ion channels of central nervous cell membranes can guide the treatment of certain brain diseases by direct action of laser probes on brain tissue. In our research, The hippocampal neurons of SD rats were irradiated with 850 nm and 980 nm near-infrared lasers, the currents of potassium and sodium channels before and after laser stimulation were recorded synchronously with a patch-clamp amplifier. It was found that the 980 nm, 20 mW laser has a stronger regulatory effect on potassium channel currents at the same irradiation dose, the neuron inhibitory effect is obvious when the laser is irradiated for 15 minutes. The 850 nm, 20 mW laser has more obvious regulation and recovery effect on sodium channel currents, the neuron inhibitory effect is obvious when the laser is irradiated for 10 minutes. In addition, we theoretically developed a thermal transfer model of the near-infrared laser on the microenvironmental temperature field in the neuronal solution, mainly analyzing photothermal effects of irradiated cells at different wavelengths (850 nm and 980 nm) and different powers (5 mW, 10 mW, 20 mW, 75 mW). The model calculation indicates that the 980 nm, 75 mW laser photothermal effect under the same conditions has greater temperature rise, which increases the neuronal surface temperature by 6-10°C under the heat transfer model studied here, and find the light source parameters needed for neurogenesis and excitement.

Laser dry etching using a 248 nm KrF excimer laser was investigated for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips surface irradiation. Examination of the morphology in relation to ablation depth was emphasized, and a heat conduction model of laser photothermal interaction with PDMS surface was established. The transmittance and absorbance of PDMS at 248nm were validated clearly using UV-vis spectrum measurements. The influence of laser pulse number on the ablation morphology and depth during dry etching was also analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of pulse number, the heat accumulation effect around the etched hole was obvious, and the ablation residue increased. The ablation depth also increased with the pulse number. When the pulse number was 200, the etching depth reached 36.8 μm. This work provides a feasible basis for laser direct etching of PDMS microfluidic chip channels and will promote the development of microfluidic chip fabrication.

In recent years, the research on radar and infrared compatible stealth has attracted much attention. In this paper, metamaterials are designed by means of theoretical calculation and modeling simulation. The entire structure consists of an infrared shielding layer (IRSL), a radar absorbing layer (RAL) and a backplane. The simulation results show that when the angle between the incident microwave and the normal of the metamaterial is in the range of 0-40°, the average absorption rate of the structure in the 7-27 GHz band is relatively stable and reaches more than 90%. In the infrared band, the emissivity of the structure is lower than 0.28 and 0.32 at 3-5 μm and 8-14 μm, respectively. In addition, through the rational design of structure and materials, the metamaterial not only achieves dual stealth functions of low infrared emission and broad microwave absorption, but also has high transparency and flexibility, providing a new method for the study of multi-band stealth materials.

Conductive hydrogels have attracted great attention for their broad application prospects in flexible electronics. However, it usually remains a trade-off between mechanical strength, low-temperature tolerance, and conductivity and will restrict their applications in wearable electronics. Here, the ionic liquid ([EMIM]Cl) is introduced into the double network (kcarrageenan/Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)) to prepare the ionic conductive hydrogel by a simple one-pot polymerization method. The fabricated conductive hydrogel presents excellent mechanical properties, including high fracture stretchability (2655%), tensile strength (135 KPa), and low Young’s modulus (13.9 KPa). Benefiting from the high ionic conductivity and low freezing point of the ionic liquid, the conductive hydrogel can demonstrate a high conductivity up to 2.88 S/m at room temperature, as well as good freezing tolerance (-11°C). Owing to the good compatibility of the ionic liquid, the conductive hydrogel has good transmittance. Furthermore, the transparent ionic skin based on the as-fabricated conductive hydrogel is demonstrated toward the tensile deformation to detect the human motion signals. This work provides a way to design transparent conductive hydrogels with excellent mechanical strength, good anti-freezing, and high conductivity for potential applications in wearable sensing devices.

The sensor combination pipes fractured during operation. Through macro and micro morphology observation, energy spectrum analysis, metallographic examination and hardness test, the pipes failure properties and reasons were determined. The results showed that the failure property of dynamic pressure pipe was stress corrosion fracture, and the failure property of the static pressure pipe was corrosion fatigue cracking. The pipes failure was related to the absence of stress relief annealing , and mechanical damage on the pipe surface promoted static pressure pipe failure.

Aiming at GaSb battery, this paper firstly explored the relationship between the emission spectrum of multilayer structure and material properties, aiming at the narrow and high spectral emissivity curve as possible. Based on this relationship, relevant materials were selected to optimize and improve the multilayer heat emitter in the thermal photovoltaic system. In this paper, Ge and SiO₂ is used as the material to make the thermal emitter have sharp and high thermal emission at 1.5μm. By using the approximation theory of crystal, the corresponding layer thickness of Ge and SiO₂ is 96nm and 125nm, respectively and its layer number is 4. Finally, the transfer matrix method is used to calculate the emission spectrum, and the above conclusions are verified.

Oxygen concentration is of great significance for Industry and environmental protection. In this paper, an oxygen measurement system based on laser absorption spectrum combined with temperature compensation algorithm is designed. Firstly, the laser spectral characteristics of oxygen at different temperatures and the intensity characteristics of absorption line based on HITRAN data are studied. The appropriate absorption line is selected for concentration measurement. The corresponding relationship between 2F signal and concentration is studied. The temperature compensation algorithm is designed to improve the measurement accuracy at different temperatures, and the measurement error is increased from 70% to 3.3%. The designed measurement system is experimentally studied, experimental results show that the minimum detection limit is about 0.035%, and the range drift is less than ± 4% FS. Finally, the designed oxygen analyzer is used to measure the oxygen concentration in the arsenic containing gold roasting kiln. The measurement results show that the developed oxygen analyzer can stably and accurately measure the oxygen content in the roasting furnace long-term.

This paper designed a kind of intelligent washing machine simulation electronic control system, the washing machine using McS-51 series of single-chip microcomputer control system, button function, timing alarm function, water temperature detection function, speed detection and adjustment function, greatly improve the quality of laundry, also greatly improve the degree of full automation of the washing machine.

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an ultrasensitive trace analysis technique, and Raman enhancement is mainly contributed by surface plasmon resonance of the metal nanoparticles immobilized on the substrate. Among them, flexible SERS substrates are more suitable for a wide range of applications, and people are more interested in flexible substrates. This work includes preparation of transparent flexible SERS substrate, preparation of different morphologies of silver nanoparticles, deposition of silver nanoparticles on flexible substrate and Raman detection.

Fiber mode-locked lasers with wavelength of 2 μm have been widely used in biomedical and optoelectronic technologies. As an important external cavity mode-selecting device for fiber mode-locked laser research, the fiber grating has been suffering from a rough reflection spectrum and a narrow reflection center spectrum. In this article, the reflection spectrum of a 2 μm apodized fiber bragg gratings was investigated by varying the length of the apodized fiber bragg gratings and numerically analyzing the reflection spectrum of a Gaussian AC apodized fiber bragg gratings and a Gaussian DC apodized fiber bragg gratings at 2 μm wavelength. The research results show that with the increase of the length of the Gaussian apodized fiber grating, the reflection peak gradually increases, and the spectral width of the reflection spectrum gradually decreases. For the fiber grating processed by the Gaussian apodization function, the side lobes of the reflection spectrum are well suppressed. After comparison, the reflection spectrum of the Gaussian DC apodized fiber grating is smoother, so its reflection spectrum characteristics are better than that of the Gaussian AC apodized fiber grating.

All-inorganic perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) have gained much attention in the field of wide-color-gamut display application. In recent years, green and red perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes (PeQDLEDs) have achieved great improvement of efficiency. However, the performance of the blue PeQDLEDs still struggle to keep pace with that of green and red counterparts, mainly due to the low photoluminance quantum yield (PLQY) of blue PeQDs. Herein, we report a strategy of doping Mn²⁺ into CsPbBr_xCl_3-x PeQDs to remove the defects, leading to the fourfold improvement of the PLQY. Benefiting from the highly luminous Mn²⁺-doped PeQDs, the PeQDLED shows the maximum EQE of 1.3% and the corresponding electroluminance (EL) is located at 468 nm. Our work would open the door to achieve highly efficient blue PeQDLEDs.

Improving the directionality of surface radiation is an important issue to increase the output power and the differential quantum efficiency of grating-coupled surface-emitting distributed feedback lasers. We proposed a method to realize the high directionality of surface radiation. Surface second-order gratings are fabricated on the p-side of the epitaxial wafer to provide feedback and surface radiation. High contrast gratings arranged above the surface grating are used to reflect the upward-diffracted light. The adjustment of the thickness of the intermediate layer between the grating and the reflector can be used to phase the reflected light with the downward-diffracted light. The calculation results show that the directionality of this structure can reach 92.5% which meets the device requirements. This design provides a reference for surface-emitting DFB lasers with high performance.

With the rapid development of optoelectronic weapons, optoelectronic confrontation is a hot topic in modern high-tech local wars, and smoke screens are an important means of optoelectronic confrontation. In order to promote the research of anti-infrared smoke screen materials, to understand the research status of anti-infrared smoke screen materials, and to improve the interference performance of smoke screens in the mid-to-far infrared band, a systematic analysis was carried out from the classification, test evaluation, problem status and development trend of smoke screen materials. The research results show that hot smoke materials and cold smoke materials have their own advantages and disadvantages. Although hot smoke materials explode into smoke quickly, they are highly toxic and corrosive; cold smoke materials are non-toxic and harmless, but they are dispersive and effective. The shielding time needs to be improved, and new types of nanomaterials that are non-toxic, harmless, and have good mid- and far-infrared interference effects continue to emerge. The current status of smoke screen research is mainly manifested in the different limitations of different smoke screen materials and the short effective shielding time. The future development trend of smoke screen materials is to develop new smoke screen materials that are non-toxic, harmless, environmentally friendly, excellent in suspension performance, and easy to produce.

In order to solve the problem that the output power and wavelength of LD (Laser Diode) were easily influenced by driving current and working temperature in TDM (time-division multiplexing)-pumped fiber Raman amplifier (FRA), a stable and highly precise LD driving system based on FPGA (field-programmable gate array) is proposed. Compared with the existing design, mainly based on integrated chips with low output current and instability defects, the circuit design in this paper simplifies the circuit structure, reduces the cost, and improves stability. A constant current source with Darlington tube and temperature control system based on the FPGA is used in the driving system, allowing for a higher output current and more excellent stability. Experimental results show that the system is capable of delivering up to 2000mA current to the LD with a precision of 0.16%. The temperature control precision reaches 0.05‡C with the current driving stability, which reaches 0.02% when the LD achieves 500mW optical power output. It is concluded that the driving system works stably and is suitable for the TDM-pumped fiber Raman amplifier.

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been widely used in optical recognition, optical communication, optical storage and other fields owing to their unique circular symmetrical spot, small volume and ease of high density array integration. In this paper, with the array beam collimated by compound lens, the beam distribution and far-field characteristics of VCSEL array are analyzed. In addition, the beam quality characteristics of VCSEL array are also studied, and the effects of different lenses combinations on the beam divergence angle and spatial coherence of VCSEL array are compared and discussed. The results show that the divergence angle of VCSEL array gradually increases with the increase of injection current, while the spatial coherence of VCSEL array decreases. For the 10 × 10 VCSEL array with an oxidation aperture of 10 um and a center distance of 130 um, when working at 200 mA , the beam divergence angle decreases from 21.8° to 0.2°, the beam coherence increases from 0.556 to 0.861, and the coherence increases by 54% after collimation by the composite lens , which is of great significance to improve the application of VCSEL array light source in free space coherent detection and optical communication.

Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser(VCSEL) generally require a beam shaping process before being applied in various scenarios due to the beam propagation characteristics. The beam waist position and size of the VCSEL are critical for beam shaping, associated with the injection current. In this contribution, the theoretical model of the equivalent confocal cavity is innovatively employed to analyze the variation of the beam waist size and the position of VCSEL. Concurrently, a novel approach has been proposed to investigate the variation of the beam waist by measuring the wavefront of the beam transformed by a single lens. The beam waist size is calculated by measuring the far-field divergence of the beam and data reveal that the beam waist diameter decreases from 3.27 μm to 1.15 μm. Combined with the change of beam waist size, the shift of the beam waist position on the optical propagation axis is analyzed in micron level. At the end, we calculate the optimization effect of this study on the beam-collimated.

With the advent of the energy crisis, the utilization of renewable energy has become the main melody of energy research. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems effectively reduce building energy consumption by combining solar energy utilization with building envelope to generate electric energy. However, the integration of photovoltaic (PV) into the building increases photovoltaic 's temperature, which reduces photovoltaic 's performance and shortens its life. In recent years, researchers have made efforts to solve photovoltaic efficiency degradation caused by high operating temperatures. Integrating phase change materials (PCM) with BIPV systems can reduce the temperature of photovoltaic panels and provide thermal storage for buildings. This study reviews the application of PCM in BIPV and building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPV/T) systems. This study focuses on experiments, numerical simulations, and optimization designs to understand technological progress better and and provide support for promoting the large-scale commercialization of the systems.

In electronic warfare, the reduction of radar cross-sectional area is the key to target electromagnetic stealth. Based on the study of the structural design technology of phase gradient metasurface (PGM) cells, a novel RCS reduction design method based on the random distribution of reflective PGMs is proposed in this paper. CST studio suite example simulation results show that the RCS of the proposed PGM array has obvious diffuse scattering characteristics, and the RCS is reduced by 40 dB on average for an array of 6*6 PGM cells in the frequency band of 9 ~ 15GHz, which is better than the RCS reduction technology introduced in previous papers.

In order to improve the effect of twin-image elimination in in-line holography, a novel iterative algorithm was proposed. The off-axis hologram is added to the iterative process as a part of the constraints through interference and inverse interference processes.The full frequency spectrum could be retrieved iteratively after taking full advantage of the spacebandwidth production of the detector. As one form of in-line holography, the theoretical resolution is diffraction limitation. Numerical simulations were carried out to validate the proposed method. The quality of the reconstructed image is improved remarkably compared to traditional in-line or off-axis digital holography.

An optical fiber parameter measurement system was constructed based on digital holographic microlayer technology, including an optimized optical path system and a software demodulation system. A single optimal hologram at each angle within 180° view was obtained using a sample rotation device to extract the phase distribution of the sample, which was reconstructed and optimized, and then the refractive index distribution inside the optical fiber was reconstructed by a laminar analysis algorithm. The experimental results show that the reconstruction optimization method used in this paper can measure the refractive index inside the optical fiber simply, quickly and accurately.

In this paper, aiming at the characteristic that the consistency of shell chamber has a great influence on the wear and firing accuracy of projectile chamber when loading shells. Optical, mechanical, electrical and other technical methods are used to test the parameters of the projectile stuck chamber, which provides the corresponding technical methods for the performance analysis and evaluation of the projectile.

End-of-life plastics are now posing a great threat to the global environment. An effective solution to mitigate the plastic pollution is to recycle the post-consumer plastics. Recycled plastic materials are considered as low-cost and sustainable alternatives for 3D printer filaments. However, due to the variety of recycled materials available, a selection process is required to suit the specific applications. In order to select an optimal recycled material for 3D printer filament from the waste plastic stream which contains a mixture of polymers, the current research implements the Elimination Et Choice Translating Reality (ELECTRE) method. The result revealed that recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) outperformed other waste plastics including recycled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), recycled polylactic acid (PLA) and recycled polypropylene (PP). The current study suggests that the ELECTRE model provides a valuable framework for evaluating materials performances for designed applications.

Using the four-dimensional simulation program of laser atmospheric transmission, the influence of the measurement range and accuracy of atmospheric parameters on the transmission effect of the whole layer in the process of laser atmospheric transmission was numerically analyzed. In the simulation process, by comparing the results of different measurement heights and the whole layer measurement, the parameter accuracy of the atmospheric parameters and the influence of the initial altitude on the transmission effect parameters are analyzed. It is concluded that after the measurement height is 4 km, the error between the measurement height and the whole layer gradually tends to be flat and the error is less than a certain range, and it is obtained that the variation trend of the error under different zenith angles is the same, which provides a basis for the measurement requirements and evaluation of atmospheric parameters.

In order to achieve high-efficiency power management of residential electricity, household load working status needs to be accurately monitored to further improve the utilization rate of power resources.This paper studies the non-intrusive household load event detection method, and improves the optimization detection algorithm to improve the accuracy of load recognition in the complex power system environment of the family.A method based on the second-order differential modulus ratio of wavelet transform is proposed to accurately locate the location of the switching point and its properties. The event detection algorithm is verified by experiments with typical household electrical appliances data. The accuracy of this method is higher than the traditional wavelet modulus maximum method, and also has good accuracy under the background of multiple electrical appliances.

At present, low voltage power meter reading system mainly has two modes, namely power line meter reading and wireless meter reading. Power line meter reading uses power line as communication medium for signal transmission, while wireless meter reading uses unauthorized frequency band, namely 470MHz to 510MHz frequency band. Either power line communication or wireless communication alone cannot meet the demand of power meter reading. Therefore, the power line and wireless heterogeneous network are used to realize the fusion of the two communication modes, and give full play to the advantages of the two communication modes. In this paper based on OFDM modulation technology of the physical system, sending data respectively through power line and wireless channel, the receiver is introduced three types of dual mode, and use maximum ratio combining in each mode, such as gain, choose the combining algorithm incorporates the power line and wireless channel data, so as to verify the dual-mode system performance advantages.

Among the various types of distributed optical fiber sensors, the distributed optical fiber sensor is widely used in the field of perimeter security to monitor the occurrence of external disturbances because of its high sensitivity, high resolution and simple structure, which can determine the location of external intrusion and achieve accurate alarm. However, due to the uncertainty of the external environment and the existence of system noise in the optical fiber sensing system, the collected signal is mixed with a variety of noise, which is easy to produce false alarms. Therefore, it is particularly important to suppress the noise in the sensing signal. Only when the signal-to-noise ratio is improved can the accurate positioning be achieved by choosing the appropriate positioning method. In this paper, the application of distributed optical fiber sensing system in perimeter security is taken as the experimental scenario. The adaptive singular value decomposition based on the improved clustering algorithm is used as the signal denoising method. The improved clustering method is used as the positioning method. The single-point remote disturbance positioning experiment is carried out under disturbance. The positioning accuracy is more than 95% in the single-point remote disturbance experiment. The average positioning accuracy can reach 97%. In the multi-point perturbation experiment, the positioning accuracy is above 90%. The average positioning accuracy can reach 96. 57%, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.

A prediction model (SDA-SP-ELM) based on the combination of similar day analysis (SDA) and sensitive pruning extreme learning machine (SP-ELM) is proposed to predict the hourly output power of PV plants for the problem of low accuracy of PV output prediction. Firstly, samples with similarities to the prediction date are selected as model training data by the Pearson coefficient method, avoiding the input of redundant information. Secondly, the optimal number of nodes in the hidden layer is determined from the use of a sensitive pruning extreme learning machine, which greatly improves the generalization ability of the model and avoids the problem of increasing the complexity of the model. And the simulation results show that the proposed model can accurately predict the hourly PV plant output power, and it is significantly better than SDA-ELM and similar day analysis back-propagation neural network (SDA-BPNN) in terms of accuracy and stability of PV output prediction, with a difference of about 1.2516 kW in MAE value and 85.99% in nRMSE error compared to SDA-ELM.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have become one of substitutes to inorganic solar cells, especially to silicon-based solar cells. Bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) OSCs, most representative OSC, which normally consist of a blend film that comprises a polymer donor well-matched with non-fullerene acceptor. Through structure design, optimal combination, relatively high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) surpass 10% were successfully implemented. Here we showed the current breakthroughs in OSCs, together with comparison between inorganic and organic materials. Then several representative small molecule acceptors based on non-fullerene material, perylene diimide (PDI), together with their current advanced application in non-fullerene OSCs are discussed. In addition to novel non-fullerene acceptors, we provided research on ratio optimization of donors and acceptors, which is beneficial for achieving high-performance BHJ OSCs. It is crucial and considerable to fabricate highly efficient OSCs under the condition of suitable donors and acceptors which may qualify for competitive photovoltaic properties, such as charge-carrier mobility and complementary absorption spectrum. Therefore, it can pave the way for realizing superior OSCs.

In this paper, an arrayed liquid-crystal microlens driven by a high-precision multi-channel electronic signal is proposed, which can generate a set of alternating current (AC) voltage driving and controlling signal according to user input. The device is designed based on the basic microstructure of a liquid-crystal microlens array, which can be approximated as a set of capacitance. Through an electronic scanning and driving method, not only the volume of the driving and controlling device for liquid-crystal microlenses is reduced remarkably, but also the independent driving and controlling channel is also increased obviously. The frequency of the driving and controlling signal can be changed by a control software. The output voltage signal can be better connected with a large scale liquid-crystal microlens array through FPC soft line. Experiments demonstrate that the electronic device can generate 384 frequency-variable high-precision independent driving and controlling voltage signals, so as to demonstrate a good application prospect for the partition and block regulation of a large area liquid-crystal microlens arrays.

To a certain extent, the early warning mode of power operation and maintenance platform realizes unattended substation, reduces safety risks, reduces labor costs and improves operation and maintenance efficiency. But there is still room for improvement in the efficiency and accuracy of early warning. When processing image data, the unique "end-to-end" learning method of deep learning can avoid complex feature extraction. In this paper, based on the communication network operation and maintenance system of large data monitoring model, aiming at the limitation of a large number of parameters and network layers, the convolutional neural network is used to preprocess image data. The AlexNet model is studied and optimized. The optimized model is compared with the original AlexNet model. Finally, the optimized model is used to process and analyze the data. The functions of comprehensive monitoring of equipment quality, prediction of equipment fault trend and intelligent fault diagnosis are realized.

Broadband Micropower Network is a Distributed Self-Organizing Network. Networks are deployed in complex environments, and various interference factors may cause network failures. Aiming at the problems of low fault detection accuracy, high detection process complexity and low detection efficiency of broadband micropower network at this stage, this paper proposes a fault detection method based on network clustering. The method first uses the LEACH clustering algorithm to form the cluster head node, and through the reliability judgment of the cluster head node and the detection of the nodes in the cluster, the resource consumption is reduced while ensuring the reliability of node detection. In this paper, the optimal threshold for intra-cluster detection is obtained through theoretical derivation and simulation experiments. The experimental results show that under the optimal threshold, increasing the density of nodes in the cluster can improve the fault detection rate.

Common electronic imaging can be easily affected by some weather factors. In order to explore the influence of several main weather factors in Lab circumstance, it is necessary to develop a weather simulation system for evaluating imaging detection efficiency. In this paper, a design and manufacture of a relatively complex weather environment simulation system for evaluating imaging detection operation is introduced. The proposed system can be used to simulate several common weather conditions such as rain, fog, air flow, and temperature variance, in a small spatial size of 60×45×45cm, which covers a large spectral range from the visible to infrared wavelength bands of 0.38μm~14μm and can be utilized to conveniently explore the adverse effects of the weather factors mentioned above on imaging detection. Firstly, the feasibility for simulating different factors including rain, fog, air flow, and temperature variance, is demonstrated. The overall system is designed and realized based on the corresponding electrical and optical and mechanical parameters. The velocity distribution of air flow is simulated by Fluent. The components of the system are made and assembled by traditional processing methods such as Computer Numerical Control. Finally, the overall system is tested, and the results show that the design goals have been attained well. The system can be applied to simulate imaging detection experiments.

The beam generated by the conventional Frequency Diverse Array (FDA) transmitting antenna has range-angle coupling due to its "S" shape. Based on this, a FDA decoupling method weighted by window function is studied, and its array element distribution model is constructed, and compared with several other existing FDA decoupling schemes. The MATLAB simulation results show that, compared with other decoupling schemes, the window function weighted decoupling scheme can produce point-like beam with better performance, its energy can better gather at the target point, and its range-angle dimension sidelobe level is also lower, its performance is better than other existing schemes.

To solve the high energy consumption problem for heterogeneous multiprocessors, an energy efficient mixed task scheduling algorithm (EMA) for periodic and aperiodic tasks is presented. The algorithm assigns tasks to specified core according to their impact on system energy consumption and average worst-case execution time (WCET). At the same time, the sum of periodic task utilization and the bandwidth of the total bandwidth server on a single core less than 1 to ensure the scheduling scheme feasibility. In the core with only periodic tasks, let WCET close to the deadline, and reduce the execution frequency to decrease the energy consumption. On the core with mixed tasks, tasks were scheduled by the earlier deadline first and total bandwidth server. When aperiodic tasks are executed, the processor works at the maximum executable frequency to ensure timely response. Simulation results show that the energy consumption of EMA is 46.7%~69.0% lower than that of the typical heuristic, the execution time is much less than that of the algorithm based on Optimization theory, and the scheduling scheme is more feasible and practical.

With the iteration of smart grid architecture, the application of computing technology in power grid dispatching and other links is more and more popular. Through the use of in-depth learning, intelligent algorithms, data fusion and other technologies, the power terminal is managed quickly, timely and safely on the edge side to meet the real-time response of power grid equipment and the high interactive experience needs of user. It also provides technical support for advanced power grid services, such as intelligent technology overhaul, intelligent dispatching and intelligent power consumption. In this paper, an improved genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem of making technical overhaul plan. The shortcomings of traditional genetic algorithm are analyzed, and the advantages of the improved genetic algorithm compared with the traditional algorithm are illustrated by the test function. The improved genetic algorithm is applied to solve the problem of technical overhaul planning of power grid, and the objective function and constraints of the problem are dealt with. The performances of the traditional genetic algorithm and the improved genetic algorithm are compared through an example.

Solar energy has become the focus of new energy development and research because of its wide distribution, no pollution and sustainable use. In recent years, China's photovoltaic industry has achieved leapfrog development, but also encountered many development problems. This paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems of photovoltaic power generation technology, summarizes the typical application of photovoltaic power generation technology, combined with the importance of vigorously promoting and developing photovoltaic power generation, puts forward the development trend and prospect of photovoltaic power generation technology, to provide a reference for the sustainable development of China's solar photovoltaic industry.

As more and more photovoltaic power generation systems are connected to the grid, the intermittency and fluctuation of their output power have placed a great burden on the grid. Solar irradiance forecasts are critical for planning and managing photovoltaic system power generation. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of solar irradiance, this paper introduces an hourly solar irradiance prediction method. The enhanced incremental extreme learning machine algorithm is used to establish a solar irradiance prediction model. Only the historical irradiance data is used as the Input features, and output the hourly average solar irradiance at the time to be predicted. The experimental results of this paper show that, compared with the original incremental extreme learning machine, the solar irradiance prediction model established by the enhanced incremental extreme learning machine algorithm can obtain smaller prediction errors. At the same time, the enhanced incremental extreme learning machine can obtain more stable and accurate prediction results with fewer nodes.

Fishing-solar complementary photovoltaic power station does not occupy land, it is economic, clean，energy saving, low carbon and environmental protection. In this paper, the 115.2KWp Fishing-solar complementary photovoltaic power station in Dongguan Joy Ecological Agriculture Development is designed, It contains AI Boost 6.0 kit, and can realize AI diagnosis and one-screen management at all sites. The total investment of the project is CNY 445240, and the average investment is about CNY 3.85/W. The average annual income is 83197 CNY, The total return for 25 years is 2079939 CNY, and the average annual investment return rate is 20.7%. The cost per kilowatt hour (LCOE) is 0.18 CNY/KWh. The social benefits of various energy saving and emission reduction in 25 years is 1239343 CNY. The analysis shows that the construction of photovoltaic power generation in modern ecological agricultural park is green and low-carbon, with good economic and social benefits and good feasibility.

NOX emitted by diesel vehicles is an important source of atmospheric pollution. Accurate detection of diesel vehicle emissions is crucial for law enforcement agencies to formulate effective emission reduction measures. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of NOX, the main gaseous pollutant in the exhaust system of heavy-duty diesel vehicles under the national V standard, based on the non-dispersive ultraviolet absorption method (NDUV), a portable on-board emission analysis system (PEMS) was used to do the actual on-road emissions testing of the heavy-duty diesel vehicles in the national V emission stage. At the same time, the electrochemical method was used to carry out comparative experiments. The results showed that, although the temperature changed in a large range during vehicle operation, it did not affect the sensor's measurement of NOX concentration, and the change in humidity would affect the NO measurement result to a certain extent.

Study on the relationship of fluorescent between excitation wavelengths, density, temperature, PH and source area used by RF-5301PC fluorescence photometer (Shimadzu). It showed that fluorescence and excitation wavelengths of the aqueous solution of platycodon grandiflorus in Chinese herbal are closely related. It product fluorescent within the limits of wavelengths was 270~440nm,the best when the wavelengths was λex/λem = 320nm/410nm;fluorescence intensity will be stronger because the increase of density, under the best wavelengths, the aqueous solution of platycodon and the fluorescent linear equation was y=74554x+20017, the correlation coefficient was R2=09817; with the different temperature,the intensity of fluorescent will be reduced if the temperature were stronger, the PL peak position were uncharged, temperature and fluorescent linear equation was y=49371x+58559, the correlation coefficient was R2=09878; with the increase of PH(1.7~12.0),the intensity of fluorescence was increase first and then decrease, when the density of PH was 6.0, the aqueous solution of platycodon grandiflorus had the most powerful strength; the aqueous solution of platycodon grandiflorus of different position ,the PL peak is similar, but fluorescent intensity had significant difference, in order were I_Hebei>I_Sichuan>I_Anhui >;IS_huanxi>I_Daqing. The study provides a basis for qualitative detection and pharmacological study of platycodon.

The treatment of organic pollutants has always been the most concerned problem all over the world. The rational use of various adsorption materials to treat organic pollutants has become the focus of attention. This paper studies inorganic, organic and composite adsorption, analyzes the performance of adsorption materials from the current situation and progress of organic pollutant treatment, hoping to help promote environmental protection in China.

Nine leaks in ten tunnels in our country. The loess geological widely distributed Shanxi Province, which are more likelyto form a tunnel leakage water. Polyurethane composite grouting materials is a great materials for repairing the tunnel leakage water. In order to reduce the cost of grouting materials, fly ash, bottom ash, and carbide slag were addedintothegrouting materials and the mechanical properties and morphology of polyurethane composite grouting materials werefocused studied. The compressive strength of polyurethane composite grouting materials can reach up to 14MPa. Theresults showed that solid waste (fly ash, bottom ash, or carbide slag) can increase the mechanical properties andchangethe morphology of polyurethane composite grouting materials. Moreover, the water permeability coefficient ofpolyurethane composite grouting materials can meet the engineering application requirements.

Silicon carbide (SiC) has a large band gap width, high breakdown electric field, high thermal conductivity, high electron saturation rate, and high radiation resistance. The SiC-based devices not only work stably at high temperatures but also have good reliability at high voltages and high frequencies. SiC has been used in aerospace, optical mirrors, and Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). This paper introduced the growth of SiC single crystals and substrate epitaxy as well as applied research and discusses its application range.

The isobutenol polyoxyethylene ether (HPEG) is polyether macromonomer, and acrylic acid (AA) is small comonomer. The high water-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) is synthesized by free radical polymerization and the influence of different acid-ether ratio, type and dosage of chain transfer agent on the dispersion of PCE was studied and the optimal synthesis process was explored. The structure and properties of PCE are tested by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and other characterization. The results showed that the optimal synthesis process was as follows: acid ether ratio was 4.50, Vitamin C, H2O2 and 2-Hydroxy-1-ethanethiol accounted for 0.80%, 0.20% and 0.56% of the mass percentage of large monomer, respectively. The type of chain transfer agent was sodium hypophosphate and 2-Hydroxy-1-ethanethiol, the comprehensive performances (dispersion, retention, mechanical properties) were better.

Isopentenyl polyglycol ether (TPEG-3000), acrylic acid (AA), and slow-release functional monomers (polyacrylates) are the main synthetic monomers, under the sodium hypophosphite-ammonium persulfate redox initiation system, A slowrelease polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent can be synthesized at a reaction temperature of 63°C. This article discusses the effect of the slow-release functional monomer (polyacrylate) on the molecular weight of the slow-release polycarboxylate water-reducer, the fluidity of the paste, and the performance of concrete. The results show that the addition of a slow-release functional monomer will reduce the initial dispersibility of the polycarboxylic acid waterreducing agent, but it will improve the slump retention of the polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent. Among them, M-3 concrete has almost no loss in slump and expansion within 1h.

To enhance the adsorption and removal performance of the biochar, a late-model HNO₃ modified almond shell biochar for methylene blue (MB) removal was prepared. The biochar before and after modification was characterized by BET, SEM, FTIR, and XRD, and the adsorption properties of MASB for MB were studied by adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption experiments. The results showed that the specific surface, pore-volume, and oxygen-containing functional groups increased after nitric acid modification. Orthogonal experimental results have shown that the optimal MASB was prepared under HNO3 concentration of 0.02mol/L, the ratio of solid to liquid of 1:30 and modification time of 2h, with a BET surface area of 262.47m² /g; under the conditions of 25°C, initial MB mass concentration of 50mg/L, initial pH of 10 and MASB dosage of 4g/L, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of MB sorption onto MASB was 72.62mg/g; The obtained results showed that the adsorption of MB by MASB followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model.

In order to study the combustion characteristics of automobile waste tire and coal mixed fuel, the combustion characteristics of automobile tire rubber powder at 750°C / 800°C / 850 °C and pulverized coal at different mixing ratios under the combustion atmosphere of 20% O₂ / 80% N₂ were studied by isothermal thermogravimetric analysis experiment. The results show that when each component is burned alone, the weight loss of pulverized coal is mainly caused by fixed carbon combustion, the weight loss of automobile waste tire rubber powder is mainly caused by volatile combustion, and the burnout time of rubber powder is significantly less than that of pulverized coal; under different mixing ratios, with the increase of rubber powder, the calorific value of fuel increases, the burnout time shortens and the ash quality decreases; To sum up, the addition of waste automobile tire rubber powder improves the combustion characteristics of pulverized coals.

Aiming at the problem that the mechanical performance of the FRP connector in the prefabricated sandwich thermal insulation wall directly affects the safety of the wall, the shear performance of the designed new connector is studied through on-site shear tests and numerical simulation methods. , the results show that: (1) The stress and deformation law obtained by numerical simulation and the law obtained by experiment have a high unity, and the stress and deformation of connectors in the overall wall panel unit increase with the increase of external load. (2) The design shear bearing capacity of the connector is 36.11 kN when the relative displacement of the inner and outer wall panels is 2 mm, which can be approximately regarded as the bearing capacity of each connector is 9.1 KN. The shear bearing capacity data is close to 10 times the standard value, and the specimen has good shear resistance.

In order to discuss the pull-out mechanical properties of the new connectors of GFRP thermal insulation exterior wall panels, the research was carried out by means of field tests and numerical model calculations. The specific conclusions are as follows: (1) The experimental results and numerical analysis results show that the tensile bearing capacity of the new connector of GFRP fiber composites is 2~3 times of the standard value. (2) The position of the maximum deformation and the maximum tensile force of the connecting piece obtained through the analysis in the numerical simulation are both located at the connecting end of the connecting piece. (3) The maximum tensile strength obtained from the experimental results of this performance study and the numerical simulation results are similar, and the deformation laws basically match.

In order to study the effect of different explosive suppressive materials on explosive characteristics of pesticide dust. A 20L spherical explosion test device and a minimum ignition energy test device were used to analyze the explosive characteristics of flutriafol dust, tebuconazole dust and tricyclazole dust. The effects of different content of inhibiting materials on the explosive inhibiting properties of flutriazole dust with different particle sizes were studied. The results show that the maximum explosion pressure of flutriafol dust is the largest, and NH₄H₂PO₄, KCl and CaCO₃ all have inhibitory effects on flutriazole dust explosion. Among them, NH₄H₂PO₄ has a better suppression effect. When the content of NH₄H₂PO₄ is more than 30%, the inhibition effect is most obvious. The particle size of explosive suppression material has no obvious effect on dust suppression effect. With the increase of ignition delay time, the minimum ignition energy of pesticide dust decreases first and then increases.

This paper gives a brief review on characterization technologies for physical features of activated carbon(AC). Among these technologies and methods, N2 adsorption method, SEM and TEM are the most commonly used. They give important information about pore structures，crystal structures and morphology of AC.

Impact and abrasion are the two main grinding mechanisms of ball mill and most of the studies on the co-existence of impact and abrasion were carried out by predecessors, but the single lapping action state has rarely been studied. Therefore, the pure natural calcite is taken as the research object in this paper, and the batch grinding, laser particle size analysis, statistics and Matlab programming techniques were applied to study the particle size distribution and law of calcite grinding products, the characteristics and law of single-grain grinding speed and the minimum particle size of grinding products under different feeding size fractions. The results show that the grinding force of material is more sufficient with the prolongation of grinding time and the trend of change is more significant with the fineness of feed size. The grinding speed decreases with the increase of grinding time, and the finer the feed size fraction is, the smaller the grinding speed is, but the grinding characteristics change with a certain feed particle size, which also indicates that the grinding mechanism under the grinding state is more complex with the decrease of the feed size fraction. The minimum particle size of grinding products under grinding condition is maintained in the range of 3.386~5.146μm by statistical method. The results can not only provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent research on the characteristics and rules of grinding in the cascading motion state, but also provide a new idea for the subsequent data processing in the grinding process.

As the key equipment for grading and evaluating the non-combustibility performance of building materials, noncombustibility test device of building materials is widely used in construction industry for performance experiment and quality inspection of building materials. In order to prevent fire effectively, the requirements for the non-combustibility performance of building materials is higher and higher, hence more and more attention is paid to the noncombustibility performance test of building materials. In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test results of non-combustibility test device of building materials, it is necessary to establish its metrological traceability system. However, till now, no national or local calibration specification for non-combustibility test device of building materials has been issued in China. This article presents a calibration method of “temperature indication error”, “furnace wall temperature” and “furnace temperature” for non-combustibility test device of building materials, and the feasibility has been proven by uncertainty analysis results.

In order to solve the problem of automobile exhaust pollution, using asphalt pavement as the carrier, the application mode of photocatalytic material nano TiO₂ in asphalt pavement was discussed, and the degradation performance of different types of photocatalytic material nano-TiO₂ asphalt mixture on automobile exhaust was studied.The results show that: The cumulative degradation rate of NO and CO harmful gases by nano-TiO₂ asphalt mixture can reach 20-30%. The cumulative decomposition rate of automobile tail gas by nano-TiO₂ surface coating asphalt mixture can reach 30- 40%, while the cumulative decomposition rate of tail gas road surface by nano-TiO₂ micro-surface asphalt mixture is about 20%.The degradation of road surface by tail gas of nano TiO₂ microsurface has obvious popularization advantage.

CDs nanoparticles have received a lot of attentions recently as a type of highly important photoelectric material. Because of its potential applications, a variety of methods have been developed. In this paper, it introduces various methods to synthesize CdS（cadmium sulfide）nanocrystal, specifies templates method by using Copolymer and Microemulsion. By comparing with other methods, it discusses the limitations and advantages. The paper finds that using templates method by controlling the size of CdS, the nanoparticles had a great crystallinity, phase purity, but industrial mass production has yet to be discovered.

The thermal characteristics influence the application of epoxy adhesives exposed to the thermal environment in different spaces. In this paper, the thermal stability, thermal conductivity, dimensional stability, degassing characteristics of epoxy adhesive at different temperatures and its tolerance under high- and low-temperature alternating environment were studied. It was revealed that the thermal decomposition temperature was 378°,C the glass transition temperature was 159°,C and the coefficient of thermal expansion was (15~24) ×10-6 ℃-1. The results showed that the adhesives were structurally and dimensionally stable in the temperature range of -65°C to 150°C. The thermal conductivities of epoxy adhesive stabilized at（0.55~0.70）W/(mꞏK). Treated by 100 cycles at alternating temperature, the adhesives were optimized due to that the residual thermal stress was released. The research results can be used as an important reference for selecting and applying potting adhesives in thermal conditions.

The paper carries out the study of iron tailing sand concrete from the perspective of fracture mechanics. The three-point bending beam method was used to conduct fracture tests on iron tailing sand concrete and river sand concrete, and the P-CMOD curve and P-ε curve of each group of specimens were measured to determine the initial cracking load, unstable cracking load, initial cracking toughness and unstable cracking toughness. Comparing the test processes and fracture parameters of each group of specimens, it was found that there was no significant difference between the fracture processes of the two concretes, and the initial cracking load, unstable cracking load, initial cracking toughness and unstable cracking toughness of the iron tailing sand concrete were higher than those of the river sand concrete, among which the initial cracking load and initial cracking toughness increased significantly.

In order to meet people's increasing demand for water, it is urgent to transform undrinkable water resources such as seawater and brackish water into water suitable for human use. Membrane distillation has become a water treatment technology with great development potential due to its advantages of high desalination rate, good water quality, high water recovery and low operating cost. It can effectively solve the problem of desalination of seawater and brackish water, and has broad application prospects in solving the shortage of fresh water resources. However, membrane fouling and polarization effect limit the performance of membrane distillation in seawater desalination. This paper briefly describes the working principle of membrane distillation technology, analyzes the formation mechanism of polarization effect and membrane fouling, and introduces the technical methods for enhancing the performance of membrane distillation. In addition, the future research direction of membrane distillation is prospected.

Based on the experiment of porous phenolic engineering materials, based on the phenomenological theory and using the finite element analysis software, this paper numerically simulates the impact experiment of porous phenolic materials, gives some basic mechanical parameters of the impact experiment of porous phenolic materials, provides a full series of pictures for the impact experiment process, and vividly describes the whole process of the experiment. On the basis of the experiment, we give the particle velocity time history curve of the free surface behind the target plate, and compare it with the experimental curve. The results show that the two agree well. At the same time, the axial stress is compared with the experimental data. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experiment, which shows that the established model and constitutive relationship are reasonable, It can provide some reference support for the practical application of this material in protection engineering.

New energy battery is one of the main research directions of electrochemistry at present. The battery made of graphene has good charging performance. The unique internal structure of graphene improves the energy utilization efficiency and can effectively save energy consumption. The battery made of lithium has higher specific capacity, better energy saving and environmental protection with fewer costs. Therefore, this paper aims to find out the physical and chemical properties of chemical betteries made of new energy materials and their characteristics, such as hydrogen xiygen fuel cell, micro fuel cell and microbial fuel cell. It found that graphene battery which has good charging property and environment friendly mercury free alkalin which brings better envrionmental benefit have many advantages and will be used widely in the future.

As a new family of 2D material, MXene has shown a huge potential in the application of supercapacitor because of their superior conductivity, abundant active sites and the stable layered structure. However, the electrochemical performance of MXene-based electrodes is limited by the stacking of the nanosheets. Herein, the flexible carbon nanotube (CNT) modified Ti₃C₂ (CNT@ Ti₃C₂-300) film was obtained via facile filtration of the MXene and CNT suspension mixture followed by annealing. The CNT could effectively pillar the interlayer space of the nanosheets to avoid the layeraggregation and create a cross-linked conductive network in the film. The hybrid film exhibits high capacitance of 366.7 F g^-1 at a current density 1 A g^-1, excellent rate performance up to 75.1% at 20 A g^-1 and long cycling life (98.7 % capacitance retention after 8000 cycles at 20 A g^-1). The above results indicate its huge potential application as flexible supercapacitors electrode.

Water supply sludge has good adsorption performance, has great potential in water purification, to prepare adsorbent is an important direction of water supply sludge resource utilization. This paper introduces the composition and properties of water plant sludge, summarizes the adsorption materials prepared by it, points out the difficulties of current research and makes prospects for the research.

The main components of low density hollow glass microsphere drilling fluid are polymer elastic microsphere, ultra low permeability agent, fluid loss reducing agent, viscosity increasing and water loss reducing agent, Surfactant etc. Hollow Glass microsphere drilling fluid system mainly uses hollow structure of glass microsphere to reduce drilling fluid density and macromolecular fluid loss reducer to reduce drilling fluid loss in formation.

The driving characteristics of SMA actuators mainly include the range, force and speed of the actuator, and these driving characteristics are determined by the alloy composition and use conditions. The alloy composition and service conditions affect the stress, strain and phase transformation speed of the SMA wire during the phase transformation, and affect the driving characteristics of the SMA wire. Using the shape memory alloy seat drive element with one-way shape memory effect, two-way drive can be realized under the action of bias force. The driving characteristics of alloy wires under the action of different constant loads and bias springs with different stiffness, including the influence laws of driving displacement, driving force and response time.

Based on the prior modified free volume model, the user’s material subprogram written in the model is merged into the finite element software in this document. For the sake of depicting the evolution of the shear zone, the variation of the free volume concentration, which is an interior status variable of SDV1 in ABAQUS , is adopted. The two-dimensional plane strain finite element model is adopted to analyze the stress and strain distribution of amorphous composites during the impact process. Unlike the morphology of dendrites in the material, two orthogonal ellipses with λ = a/b = 4 are employed to denote the dendritic toughening phase in the finite element model. The Johnson-Cook ductile constitutive equation and damage constitutive equation are adopted to describe the ductile deformation and fracture behavior of Tibased MGMC during the impact process. On this basis, this paper conducts the finite element simulation of Charpy impact test with Ti-based MGMC (Ti₄₈Zr₂₀V₁₂Cu₅Be₁₅) regarded as the research object. Then, we compare the simulated results with the experimental results to find the difference. The conclusions show that the J-C model can accurately calculate the impact energy and impact toughness of Ti-based MGMC. These results provide ideas for studying the impact toughness of metal matrix composites with dendritic toughening phases.

In order to correct the Johnson-Cook (J-C) model strain rate strengthening coefficient of Ti-based metallic glass composites (MGMC), three Ti-based metallic glass composites: Ti₆₀Zr₁₄V₁₂Cu₄Be₁₀, Ti₅₈Zr₁₂Ni₆Ta₁₃Be₁₁ and Ti₄₈Zr₁₈V₁₂Cu₅Be₁₇, referred to as Ti₆₀, Ti₅₈ and Ti₄₈, were selected in this paper. Under the condition of high strain rate, the temperature inside the sample often rises due to adiabatic strain in the split Hopkinson compression bar test. Taking this phenomenon as the research object, the first-order differential equation of temperature and strain is established and solved by the Runge-Kutta method. The multivariate fitting was performed by the square method to correct the strain rate intensification coefficient of the J-C model. The results show that the corrected J-C model can better describe the variation law of flow stress.

Coal tar pitch is the residual black substance after the distillation of tar, which has low value; It mainly contains anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene and other components that are difficult to volatilize. It has stable performance and rich carbon content. The proportion of carbon is more than 90% in coal tar pitch. It is theoretically feasible to use the coal tar pitch as carbon source to prepare graphene. At the same time, the preparation of expensive graphene from low-cost coal tar pitch has great advantages in economic benefits.

In view of the limitations of the existing monitoring methods for dimensional stability of the vacuum-encapsulated insulation panel under high and low temperature environment, based on digital image correlation (DIC) measurement technology and high and low temperature environment test technology, this paper proposes a multi-face dimensional stability measurement method under temperature change environment through the research of multi-face synchronous noncontact measurement design and low temperature measurement method for anti-condensation frost. This method aims to achieve accurate monitoring of dimensional stability of the vacuum-encapsulated insulation panel under high and low temperature environment. The non-contact deformation measurement system for multi-faces at high temperature and low temperature was designed, and a high-precision thermal deformation test platform was built. The measurement accuracy verification test was carried out, and the test results showed that the measurement accuracy of the system was better than 2×10^-6/°C in the temperature change environment. The measurement of dimensional stability of the vacuum-encapsulated insulation panel is successfully realized by using the test platform.

Recently, rare-earth doped phosphors have been newly developed and applied in phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs). A Tm³⁺-activated tungstate Ca₃La₂W₂O₁₂ blue-emitting phosphor was synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state reaction. The phase purity, crystallinity, and surface morphology of the Ca₃La₂W₂O₁₂: xTm³⁺ (x = 0.2%-15% mol) phosphors were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. Under 358 nm excitation, the phosphor can exhibit narrow blue-light emission at 460 nm due to the transition ¹G₄ →3 H₆ of Tm³⁺. The critical energy transfer distance and optimal doping concentration of Tm³⁺ ions are 16.92 Å and 0.10 mol, respectively. The Commission International del’Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of Ca₃La₂W₂O₁₂:0.10Tm³⁺ are (0.1447, 0.0492) with a high color purity 95.8%. The results suggested Ca₃La₂W₂O₁₂:Tm³⁺ phosphors can be promising blue-emitting components for LED applications.

Due to the influence of external environment and the limitations of Photovoltaic / thermal (PV/T) technology, the utilization efficiency of solar energy is low. How to convert the solar radiation dissipated in the process of photovoltaic power generation into electric energy and further improve the efficiency of solar photoelectric conversion is an important technical problem of solar energy utilization. Hydrogen energy has the advantages of renewability and environmental friendliness. Converting the electric energy generated in the PV/T into hydrogen energy can effectively solve the problems of "abandoning light" and "abandoning electricity" in solar power generation. The research concept of PV/T coupling power generation and photolysis hydrogen production mechanism was put forward in this paper, and the research status of PV/T coupling and electrolytic water was summarized, and the development trend of hydrogen energy was put forward in the future.

Conjugated polymers have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their great potentials in flexible electronics. Herein, a new furan-only conjugated polymer based on bifuran-imide building unit is synthesized and studied. With electron-withdrawing group on furan backbone, the new donor-acceptor conjugated polymer exhibits excellent stability under ambient conditions compared with alkyl-substituted polyfurans. The polymer was found to show strong fluorescence and small stokes shift. It indicates the furan backbone owns excellent rigidity which is beneficial to achieve tight molecular stacking and high charge mobility. These properties suggest that furan-only donor-acceptor polymer could be promising candidates for the application of organic electronics.

In H₂SO₄ medium, phosphorus molybdenum heteropoly acid formed from H₂PO₄ - reacts with Mo₇O₂₄^6- can be reduced by hydrosulfuryl(-SH) in cysteine hydrochloride to from phosphomolybdic blue which its maximum absorption wavelength is 717.2 nm. Beer's law is obeyed between the mass concentration of cysteine hydrochloride and the absorbance of phosphomolybdic blue, and the content of cysteine hydrochloride can be determined based on the measuring of the absorbance of phosphomolybdic blue. A novel method for the spectrophotometric determination of cysteine hydrochloride by phosphomolybdic blue has been established. A good linear relationship is obtained between absorbance and the concentration of cysteine hydrochloride in the range of 0.008160～0.1469 mg/mL, the equation of the linear regression is A=0.0305+9.9918C(mg/mL), and the linear correlation coefficient is 0.9995. This proposed method had been successfully applied to determinate cysteine hydrochloride, and the result agreed well with those by pharmacopoeial method.

To effectively produce solar hydrogen through the two step water decomposition cycle, a CeO₂-NiO (Ce: Ni = 9:1) solid solution was synthesized by the coprecipitation method. CeO₂-NiO was coated on ceramic (Al₂O₃) substrate and sintered at 90-150°C inorganic adhesive. In order to quickly increase the reaction surface area emitted by O₂, laser material treatment was used, and the delicate laser texture pattern was confirmed by laser treatment on CeO2-NiO. In the periodic two step water decomposition process at 1200 – 800°C, the O₂ gas produced in the O₂ emission reaction with CeO₂-NiO substrate with suitable laser treatment is almost twice that of the untreated substrate.

Photonic crystal (PC) is a popular optical material used in various fields, especially in the field of anti-counterfeiting. Multiple approaches for PC fabrication including top-down and bottom-up methods with different advantages were investigated in past decades, but several problems still remain to be solved. In this paper, a newly developed methodfor3D PC fabrication called room temperature bending-induced oscillatory shearing (RT-BIOS) technique is introduced with outstanding advantages, and comparisons between RT-BIOS and several other typical methods have been done. The newly investigated RT-BIOS approach shows outstanding advantages like industrial-level fabrication and low energy cost and has nearly unlimited prospects.

Commercial down-conversion phosphors rely on rare-earth elements, which can lead to serious resources availability and environmental concerns. Recently, organic-inorganic hybrid lead halides feature broadband emissions and structural tunability are an emerging class of phosphors for solid-state lighting (SSL). However, low photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) and heavy metal lead atoms hinder hybrid lead halides application. In this work, we reported highly efficient zero-dimensional (0D) eco-friendly antimony chloride, (TPA)₂SbCl₅ (TPA = tetrapropylammonium), in which the pyramid-shaped [SbCl₅] ²⁻ species are periodically mosaic in the matrix of organic molecules TPA+ to form a hostguest structure. Under 400 nm excitation, the yellow-emitting (TPA)2SbCl5 shows a PLQE of 86.7% at room temperature. Interestingly, a small high-energy spectrum will appear upon 300 nm excitation. According to the photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation (PLE) spectra, and PL decay dynamics, the high-energy emission spectrum is originated from the singlet, the low-energy broadband emission is derived from triplet self-trapped excitons (STEs). The eco-friendly (TPA)₂SbCl₅ with high stability can be a potential candidate as lighting phosphors.

Perovskite materials receive much attention due to their promising applications and have been a hot research topic in the field of optoelectronics. The advantages of two-dimensional CsPbBr₃ perovskite nanosheets are easy film formation, anisotropy, and better in-plane carrier transport channels. Different methods are used in experiments to modulate their morphological dimensions and modulate in terms of luminescence, photoelectric effect and carrier transport behavior to obtain enhanced optoelectronic properties. Two-dimensional CsPbBr₃ perovskite nanosheets were synthesized by using the thermal injection method, maintaining the experimental conditions of no water and no oxygen, and continuously passing nitrogen gas at a high temperature of 180°C. The analysis revealed narrow absorption and emission peaks, small Stokes shifts and half-height widths, and a fluorescence lifetime of 60.5 ns. It is shown that the two-dimensional CsPbBr₃ perovskite nanosheets fabricated by this method have easily tunable fluorescence spectral properties and have important application prospects in the field of future optoelectronic devices.

In this experiment, based on the traditional production process of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether modified polycarboxylate superplasticizer was used to prepare mud-resistant polycarboxylate superplasticizer ZNJ1. The effects of ZNJ-1 and polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer on the on the changes of slump, fluidity and Emptying time after 1 h of concrete mixed with manufactured sand and washed manufactured sand were studied. The experimental results show that the use of 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether modified polycarboxylate superplasticizer significantly improves the adverse effects of mud powder in manufactured sand.

Industrial enterprises produce a large number of dye wastewater every year.Traditional water treatment method is difficult to achieve the effective treatment of dye wastewater The sewage excess sludge was considered as catalyst raw material in this experiment, it was carbonized and supported iron to catalyze persulfate and ozone. The technology was used to treat the dye wastewater, the influencing factors and mechanism of the reaction were studied, the results showed that when the dosage of the persulfate was 2 g, the mass fraction of iron was 1 %, the dosage of the sludge carbon supported iron was 0.5 g, the dye of orange II removal rate reached 95 % at 4 min. With the increase of the pH of dye wastewater, the removal effect of orange II was getting better. The introduction of ozone further improved the treatment effect, and the removal efficiency reached 97 % at 2 min. The absorbent, the persulfate, ozone react by radical oxidation, and persulfate reacted ozone each other, the dye wastewater decolored by these four ways. The technology not only treated the dye wastewater, but also realized the resource utilization of the excess sludge.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a promising energy-convert technology. However, the preparation, storage, and transportation of the main fuel, hydrogen, have technical difficulties that hinder the commercialization of fuel cells. Organic liquid at room temperature with high energy density is preferred as the ideal fuel, such as gasoline. Herein, we propose a proof-of-concept PEMFC system that first oxidizes gasoline and generates power at room temperature. In this system, phosphotungstic acid (PTA) serves as the medium energy carrier, obtaining energy from gasoline and releasing it in fuel cells. A peak power density of 5.04 mW cm-2 is reached after optimization. The reaction mechanism is further investigated by using two main compositions of gasoline, toluene, and methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) to react with PTA. The results further highlight the advantage of PTA in avoiding impurities doping. The newly designed system gives an innovative idea for the use of gasoline.

Using FeMnO₃ as the main filling material, it is compounded with tetrabutyl titanate and zinc acetate to form corresponding ferromanganese complexes, so as to prepare magnetic semiconductors and catalysts with better performance. Nano FeMnO₃ was prepared by sol-gel method. Microwave assisted method was used to compounded FeMnO₃ with four butyl titanate and zinc acetate solution to form sol. Then, drying and calcining were carried out to obtain the change of TiO₂-FeMnO₃ and ZnO-FeMnO₃ properties at high temperature.

The non-combustibility test furnace of building materials is the key equipment for grading and evaluating the flame retardant performance of building materials. It is widely used in the performance test and quality inspection of building materials. With the rapid development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, urban construction is booming nowadays. In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of fire accidents, the requirements of flame retardant performance of building materials are higher and higher. In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test results of the noncombustibility test furnace of building materials, it is necessary to evaluate the metrological traceability of the device. Therefore, basing on preparing the national calibration Specification Calibration Specification for Non-Combustible Test Device of Building Materials as well as by studying the related national and foreign standards, the author of this article has developed a set of calibration device for non-combustibility test furnace of building materials by analyzing the main metrological technical parameters of the furnace. The test results and application feedback have proved that the calibration device can dynamically calibrate the key metrological technical parameters of the furnace, such as temperature indication error, furnace wall temperature, furnace temperature, furnace temperature rise and furnace stabilization. The temperature measurement range of the calibration device for non-combustibility test furnace is (650 ~ 850)°C with the maximum permissive error of ±2.8°C.

Lithium iron phosphate is currently one of the main anode materials for electric vehicles in China. It is widely produced and used because of its excellent stability, higher service life and relatively low material costs. However, its relatively lower energy density and charge/discharge efficiency are also major limiting factors for its development. This paper analyzes the current production process including solid-state process and solution-based process. Both methods have received process improvements from vendor’s patents, where carbon coating and decreasing particle size are proved more effective and commonly used in China.

The review paper aims to outline comprehensive aspects of Molten Salt Storage (MSS) technology. We start with reviewing the history and modern status of MSS technology and then applying qualitative and quantitative analysis to clarify the technology from the technical and economic prospects and a brief comparison with superconducting magnetic energy storage technology. Based on the results discussed, we deem that molten salt storage is currently with restrictions but with potential for future development to the globe if overcoming barriers.

The interlayer bonding treatment technique has an important effect on the performance of double-layer drainage asphalt pavement. Based on the layer-by-layer paving technology, this paper studies the interlayer bonding treatment technology of double-layer drainage asphalt pavement. By changing the specimen preparation technology to simulate different paving processes, the bending tensile test of the joint surface, the bending tensile test of the double-layer mixture, the structure calculation of the double-layer pavement and permeable function were conducted to determine the effects of different treatment techniques for interfacial bonding layers. The main conclusions are: it is suitable to use high viscosity modified asphalt in the construction process. In the absence of double-layer paver in the domestic construction environment, it is feasible to use 'cold+hot' to construct double-layer drainage asphalt pavement. Spraying 0.1kg/m² modified emulsified asphalt adhesive layer between the layers can significantly enhance the pavement deformation resistance, while maintaining excellent water permeability.

In a strapdown inertial navigation system, the sensors are directly connected to the carrier, therefore the error of the inertial sensors will affect the accuracy of the inertial navigation system. To reduce this effect the calibration of the parameter errors is a commonly used method. However, this calibration normally does not take into account the error change caused by the temperature fluctuation in the practical application. In this paper, we propose to calibrate the parameter errors with periodic change in a day. It is shown that the calibration results and the preset value are matched very well, and it lays a good foundation for the error calibration at actual temperature environment.

In this paper, the mechanical properties, microstructure and defects of joints are mainly discussed through experiments, and the related requirements of joint quality control and product trial production are put forward, so as to strengthen the research on friction stir welding technology of aluminum alloy tanks of space vehicles, fully understand the influence of friction stir welding technology on the quality of aluminum alloy tanks of space vehicles, and aim to continuously optimize the process parameters of friction stir welding, ensure the manufacturing quality of aluminum alloy tanks of space vehicles and provide important technical support for the development of space industry.

The worldwide industries and scientific communities have raised various research works to develop surfaces with special wettability for a variety of applications. Fluorinated synthesis materials as currently widespread liquid repellent products proved to adversely affect human health and environment. As eco-friendly and non-toxic alternatives, artificial superhydrophobic surfaces inspired by nature non-wettable biological structures have received both academic and practical attention. The recent development on fluorine-free superhydrophobic surface design and the state-of-the-art techniques have widely applied in marine, medical, textiles and other fields. The manufacture and negative environmental impact of fluorinated materials have been discussed, as well as the classical natural superhydrophobic surfaces and theoretical models.

The molecular structure of water-reducing mother liquor of C6 polycarboxylate was redesigned by oxidation-reduction reaction. A water-reducing mother liquor of C6 polycarboxylate was synthesized at room temperature with vinyl-terminated polyoxyethylene ether (EPEG), acrylic acid (AA) and self-made phosphate ester (KAP) as main raw materials under the action of initiator. The structural characteristics and molecular weight of C6 polycarboxylate mother liquor were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The influence of C6 normal temperature water-reducing mother liquor prepared at different temperature, polyether molecular weight and acid-ether ratio on the fluidity of cement paste was studied, and the concrete performance was tested. The results show that: The reaction temperature is 30℃, the mass ratio of acid to ether is 8.9%, and the fluidity, concrete dispersibility and dispersion retention of the cement paste with vinyl-terminated polyoxyethylene ether (EPEG) of 3000 weight average molecular weight are the best.

By the portions given in this documentby carrying out the research on the mechanical properties and fire resistanceofaerogel thermal insulation materials by the addition of three aluminum oxide and two aluminum content, the amount ofnano three oxidized two aluminum can be obtained at 15%. The mechanical properties and high temperature stabilityofthe material are the best. Through the 4H test of the fire resistance limit, it can be used for the fire fighting improvement of the valve hall of converter station.

Water pollution is a global problem. The research on the remediation technology of polluted water has always been a hot research direction. The use of adsorption materials for pollutant adsorption treatment of environmental protection and convenient water treatment. Biochar material has a good adsorption effect on pollutants as adsorbent due to its unique surface structure and rich surface properties. This paper reviews the characteristics, preparation, modification and application of biochar. The weak point of biochar research at present is put forward, and it is expected to play a guiding role in future research.

Nowadays, researching and developing new wet adhesives have been a worldwide issue to be discussed since traditional adhesives lose their efficacy in wet environments due to a layer of water film on the surface and for which the demand for adhesives in the wet environment has increased dramatically. Among the researches, the mussel bionic adhesives are in a stage of rapid progress, giving a breakthrough direction from the perspective of bionics. In this article, wet adhesives are divided into two categories by chemical composition, i.e. catechol-based wet adhesives and non-catechol-based wet adhesives. Then researchers on which are reviewed, including their adhesive mechanism due to covalent bonds or noncovalent interactions, preparation as well as the biomedical application as tissues. This paper is aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of wet adhesives, beginning with the fundamental problems of underwater adherence, along with synthetic approaches and bio-applications. These insights will provide rational directions for developing wet adhesive materials with improved adhesives performance and uncompromised adhesive qualities using nature's blueprints.

Nowadays many researches are carried out to find renewable natural resources because of the depletion of oil resources and pollution from waste plastics. There are many advantages of green plastic exploration. The production of bio-based plastic, which does not rely on petroleum anymore, can alleviate the shortage of oil resources. Many bioplastic products can be degraded and reused, creating less pollution and less cost than traditional petroleum-based plastics. This article provides an overview of three bio-based resources and the evaluation of their products: lignin, limonene and cardanol. Lignin has a strong intermolecular force which can lead to many kinds of functionally enhanced composites with PE, PP, PVC and so on. Limonene as inexpensive raw material, can replace some kinds of monomers from petroleum and copolymerize with CO2 to produce poly-carbonate. Cardanol, as a natural compound, can be added to some plastics and improve its flexural strength. And the applications of those bio-based plastics are discussed emphatically.

Radioactivity is one of the important indexes to measure whether ceramic tile causes serious indoor pollution or not. As some testers did not grasp the influencing factors well, the test results of some laboratories deviated.This paper mainly expounds the influence of the radioactive detection results of ceramic tile from four aspects: wet sample, cross contamination ,sealing balance time and temperature.

A phosphate mine is located in Baokang County, Xiangyang County, Hubei Province. It is mined by roof cutting room pillar method with trackless equipment. After mining in recent years, the stoping of the mine room has been completed. At present, the roof and pillar of the mine room are unstable and joint fissures are developed. With the continuous destruction of the pillar, if no measures are taken, it will eventually lead to the caving of the goaf and the collapse of the surface, and the collapsed part will cut the upper fault, resulting in large-scale landslide and serious disaster. Therefore, the treatment of goaf should be carried out immediately. Based on the actual situation of the mine, the goaf will be treated with gravel tailings cemented filling, and determines the main proportioning parameters of gravel tailings cemented filling through analysis, calculation and proportioning test. The filling slurry with 78 % concentration, 2 sandcement ratio and 4 : 6 sand-stone ratio can meet the requirements from the aspects of viscosity, pumping and 28 d compressive strength.

In comparison with traditional bubbles, micro-nano bubbles (MNBs) could generate hydroxyl radical(·OH) and owned advantages of large specific surface area, high gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, high zeta potential at the bubble interface, easy self-pressurization and collapse, and they have been widely used in environmental engineering. This paper summarized the formation mechanisms of the ·OH generated by MNBs and its influencing factors. The application of the produced ·OH in water and wastewater treatment was briefly introduced. In addition, the development direction and application of MNBs are prospected, which are promising to provide reference for the theoretical research and practical application of micro nano bubble technology.

Typical mechanisms of external filed applied during TRC of aluminium alloys were summarized and discussed. Static magnetic field changed the trajectory of charged particles and formed a spiral around the magnetic force line. The tendency of the solute elements during solidification to segregate in the central area of strip was decreases, leading to the reduced large-area macro-segregation and formation of less micro-segregation defects. The shock wave effect caused by pulsed current field that led to the fragmentation of atomic clusters and the nucleation sites number increased, besides, dendrites could be cracked and the nucleation site could be further raised. Compound field generated electromagnetic force acts on charged particles, the trajectory of charged particles became an ellipse, moving in the direction of the dendrite arm and diminished the central-line segregation. From the perspective of the magnetic energy, a new interpretation direction was proposed, which proved that magnetic energy can promote / inhibit the growth of atomic clusters by matching / exceeding the energy difference between atomic clusters and magnetic energy itself.

Owing to the high theoretical specific energy, lithium-O₂ batteries have been considered as promising new energy sources beyond conventional Li-ion batteries. One of the challenges of a Li-O₂ battery is that the desired discharge product Li₂O₂ forms as a thin and insulating film on the electrode surface, which leads to large overpotential, low discharge capacity, and early cell death. Here, I summarize the strategies of promoting the solution growth of toroidal Li₂O₂ particles: high donor number electrolyte solvents and electrolyte salts have been shown to ensure the growth of toroidal Li₂O₂ particles in solution; additives such as derivatives based on anthraquinones with electron-withdrawing groups and water have also been suggested. Each strategy has its benefits and drawbacks, which needs a further understanding of the individual system. Until now, the methods of promoting solution growth of Li₂O₂ toroids in Li-O₂ batteries are still in research.

The production and composition of sludge during the technological process of urban water supply plant is introduced in this paper. From 4 aspects of building materials utilization, soil utilization, recycling and adsorption utilization, the resource utilization of sludge is illustrated and its’ utilization difficulties is summarized. It is believed to be the mainstream direction of sludge disposal in the future.

To solve the problem of high-temperature metal corrosion on the heating surface of coal-fired boilers and biomass boilers, this paper analyzes and studies the high-temperature corrosion mechanism and protection technology of coalfired boilers and biomass boilers. It mainly discusses the corrosion mechanism of sulfate-type corrosion, chloride-type corrosion, and sulfide-type corrosion of coal-fired boilers. The research and application status of the two major protective coating technologies of high-temperature nano-ceramic coating technology and metal-based composite coating are further discussed. Aiming at the corrosion mechanism of biomass boilers with high-temperature chlorine corrosion as the mainstay, the inhibitory effect and effect of additives on high-temperature metal corrosion are emphasized.

In order to evaluate the influence of bulk metallic glass size on its impact toughness, a typical Zr-based bulk metallic glass is selected for numerical simulation research in this paper. The study uses the JH-2 constitutive model to describe its mechanical response under impact loading, and the impact toughness values are obtained for different cross-sectional areas, heights and spans using the FEM-SPH method. The results show that an increase in cross-sectional area and span leads to an increase in impact toughness, while an increase in height leads to an increase and then a decrease in impact toughness, with the highest value for the impact toughness at the square cross-section. These results provide ideas for improving the impact toughness of large metallic glasses.