This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 12444, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee information.

Polarization holography has gained traction with the development of tensor theory. It primarily focuses on the interaction between polarization waves and photosensitive materials. By introducing the polarization characteristics of light into conventional holography, more degrees of freedom can be provided to control optical information. Based on the polarization modulation of polarization hologram, we propose a method to realize bifocal-polarization holographic lens in volume hologram. Two foci can be generated simultaneously or separately by changing the polarization state of the reading wave. The material used is a PQ/PMMA polarization sensitive medium, the thickness is 1.5mm. The bifocal-polarization holographic lens has 112 mm clear aperture and 446mm focal length.

The phase retrieval method based on deep learning can be used to solve the iterative problem in holographic data storage. The key of the deep learning method is to build the relationship between the phase data pages and the corresponding near-field diffraction intensity patterns. However, to build the correct relationship, thousands of samples of the training dataset are usually required. In this paper, according to the coding characteristics of phase data pages, we proposed an image segmentation method to greatly reduce the number of original training dataset. The innovation proposed by this new method lies in the special segmentation of the original samples to expand the number of samples.

Compared with traditional iterative methods, deep learning phase reconstruction has lower bit error rate and higher data transfer rate. We found the efficiency of training mainly was from the edges of the phase patterns due to their stronger intensity changes between adjacent phase distribution. According to this characteristic, we proposed a method to only record and use the high frequency component of the phase patterns and to do the deep learning training. This method can improve the storage density due to reducing the material consumption.

Objective measurements of the morphology and dynamics of label-free cells and tissues can be achieved by quantitative phase. Modern quantitative optical imaging possesses a huge information capacity. But the bandwidth of quantitative phase imaging is technically limited in an interferometric setup, thereby constraining the throughput in label-free phase imaging. Firstly, we demonstrate a high-bandwidth holographic microscopy which exploits high-throughput label-free quantitative phase image. We introduce Kramers–Kronig relations to the off-axis multiplexing technology. Based the analyticity of band-limited signal under diffraction-limited system, the maximum space bandwidth utilization in single multiplexing hologram is increased to 78.5%. Secondly, by assisting with off-axis optimized initial phase in the phase retrieval, high-resolution and full-field reconstruction by exploiting the full bandwidth are demonstrated for complex-amplitude reconstruction. Off-axis optimization phase provides an effective initial guess to avoid stagnation and minimize the required measurements of multi-plane phase retrieval. Different tumor types and a variety of precursor lesions and pathologies can be visualized with label-free specimens.

Modern display appliances have increased picture quality by taking advantage of high-pixel resolution and High Dynamic Range (HDR) in new-age OLED-based products. This trend will become pervasive with the continued proliferation of underlying technologies. This paper helps point researchers to modeling those accounts for the increase in picture quality. The TV market has a growing number of HDR products, as listed by the popular consumer review website, RTINGS.com. They include many ultra-high definition (UHD), HDR televisions that exceed 1000 candela-per-meter-squared (cd/m²) peak luminance as reported by Babcock (2023). Also, the monitor and notebook HDR market is growing evident by the number of HDR display products certified by the VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) DisplayHDR logo compliance program. Relying only on wattage to increase luminous intensity, however, is neither subtle nor cost effective. Sheer brightness in a typical ‘UHD/HDR’ television may be desirable but isn’t the only tool available to display makers. This talk reviews models that assess ‘UHD/HDR' displays for their clarity, brightness and most importantly their vividness. Quantum dot pixel-rendering technology has driven image vividness to new levels when matched with an OLED-emissive pixel (QD-OLED) according to supporting researched cited herein. Quantum dot advances that are in fact necessary for advancing the state-of-the-art in UHD imaging for televisions and computer monitors. This presentation will emphasize the importance of an augmented color appearance model for HDR technology that can reach beyond the DCI-P3 color space.

Since the end of 2021, Omicron, the new variant of SARS-CoV-2, has continued to spread as the predominant strain of COVID-19. Compared to previous variants, Omicron causes milder symptoms, which are similar to symptoms of other common respiratory infections, such as flu. In this work, we develop a silicon photonic chip-based biosensor for COVID-19 and flu detection using subwavelength grating micro-ring resonator. The biosensor realizes the detection of two pathogens with high sensitivity (1.31 fg/mL) and specificity. Besides, the microfluidic channel offers a promising solution for point-of-care detection.

Optical microscopes can observe living organisms under natural conditions. However, they have diffraction limit to use visible light, so it cannot also observe nano-level living organisms. We improved a super-resolution digital holographic microscopy to solve this problem. To fabricate this microscope, we used a spherical wave Volume Holographic Optical Element (VHOE). VHOE exhibits a function that light waves from two-point sources with a distance shorter than the wavelength are diffracted as plane waves with different wave vectors. This element was made of a two-chemistry photopolymer with a thickness of 10 mm. In our previous study, the diffractive waves from two points with an interval of 100 nm and a wavelength of 405 nm were individually observed by using the VHOE. That means that the resolution less than wavelength was achieved. In experiment, a test target was illuminated by a diode laser with a wavelength of 405 nm. The transmitted wave was diffracted, and the diffracted wave was combined with a reference wave by the VHOE. The interference pattern between the diffracted wave and the reference wave was captured by using an image sensor. Then, four-step phase shifting method was used by using a PZT mirror for phase imaging. The phase pattern is reconstructed by 2D Fourier transform because the wave vector is corresponding to the position.

Phenanthraquinone-doped polymethyl methacrylate (PQ/PMMA) photopolymers with excellent characteristics of simplicity for manufacture, negligible photo-induced volume shrinkage, low cost, and high resolution for holographic data storage. In this paper, we explored the phenomenon of different PQ concentrations of PQ/PMMA photopolymers on collinear holography system. By designing a set of control experiments with different PQ doping ratios of 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9%, 1% and 1.1% (1% means the ratio of monomer, thermal-initiator and photo-initiator are Methyl methacrylate:2,2'- Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile): PQ=100:1:1). And the Bit Error Rate (BER) of the reconstructed image using different PQ/PMMA photopolymers were measured, and we found that, at the value of the BER of 0.05, the material of 1% PQ/PMMA can last a longer time than other different PQ concentrations from 0.5% to 0.9% of PQ/PMMA at a recording beam intensity exposure. The 1.1% PQ/PMMA and the 1% PQ/PMMA can achieve the BER of 0.05 at the same time, but the 1.1% PQ/PMMA only last half time of the 1% PQ/PMMA. Furthermore, the diffraction efficiency has an obvious increase with the increase of the PQ concentrations from 0.5% to 1.0% of PQ/PMMA (from 10% to 60%), while it tends to decrease as the PQ concentration continues to increase to 1.1% due to the poor solubility. In summary, from the BER and holographic grating diffraction efficiency result, we got the optimal concentration of PQ in the PQ/PMMA photopolymer is 1%, and the current study is very meaningful for the use of PQ/PMMA in collinear holography data storage.

Currently, the need for telemedicine is increasing all over the world. At the same time, the resolution of various medical images has become higher than before, and resolution of surgical endoscopes in particular have reached 8K Ultra-High-Definition (UHD). We conducted demonstration experiments of 8K-UHD medical image remote transmission with low-latency encoding and decoding between two sites (Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital and Tokushima Prefectural Miyoshi Hospital) 68km apart. The two sites were connected by a 10-Gbps cable TV network, and on the transmitting side (Tokushima Prefectural Miyoshi Hospital), 8K-UHD endoscope image was compressed from 48 Gbps to 300 Mbps for the local cable TV network by ELL 8K HEVC Encoder. On the receiving side, the compressed image was decoded in real time into 8K-UHD uncompressed 48-Gbps image by ELL 8K HEVC Decoder and displayed on a 70-inch 8K-UHD monitor. The latency between the two sites (from 8K-UHD camera to 8K-UHD monitor) was shortened to about 0.15 second, and we and hospital doctors were able to have a two-way conversation on the 4K video conference system (Vidyo) while watching 8K-UHD medical image without any discomfort. In the future, we will improve latency not only in 8K-UHD encoders/decoders but also in peripheral systems such as various interface conversions on the system and monitors.

In this paper, we present a novel approach for projecting a light field using multi-layer images and integral imaging technology. Here, the multi-layer images are used to enable the generation of natural parallax and view-dependent effects, and integral imaging is used to project the resulting light field on a large screen. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method through a prototype and experimental results, and also discuss its potential advantages.

Gi-POF (Graded-index Polymer Optical Fiber) has seen increased application and adaptation in the ultra-high-speed data communications and all-optical networks. Connecting and terminating of Gi-POF have always been very important and challenging at the same time. These have been demonstrated times and again at fibering situations involving Gi-POF. Fibering (a present participle and gerund of the newly proposed English verb “fiber”), indicates a situation where laying down or distributing Gi-POFs happens, much like laying down copper wires in the “wiring” situation. It has been especially challenging when fibering Gi-POF and connecting with Glass Optical Fibers (GOFs). Un-balanced attenuation happens all the time and sometimes downright no light passage if coarsely butting the two fibers together. To solve the problems, several technologies have been developed, including special polymeric lens, refractive-index-matching technologies. Here we are introducing one of them and examine the pros and cons. Material synthesis and optics involved will also be demonstrated and examined.