This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 12457, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee list.

As an important length ratio measurement system, the indoor large length standard device has important scientific research value, and the laser interferometer measurement system is responsible for the data acquisition task of the indoor large length standard device. In this paper, the plane measurement and analysis of the static three-way laser interferometer measurement system are carried out. Through the Angle measurement of 100 groups of measuring planes, the results show that the plane Angle formed by the three-way laser interferometer on the surface is a wave shape, the maximum position of the Angle is 7500 mm, the Angle is 12.0204 ". It reflects that the composite guide system of indoor large length standard device is good and the cosine error of indoor large length standard device is small.

The information security of relay protection equipment is related to the safe and reliable operation of power grid. With the diversification of network security attacks, the existing security protection means of relay protection equipment cannot meet the security protection requirements of the new generation of substations. By analyzing the information security risk points of relay protection equipment in substation, the security protection requirements of relay protection equipment such as identity authentication, security audit, access control, data security, communication security, security reinforcement are studied, and targeted test methods are proposed to guide the development and testing of the new generation of relay protection equipment in the substation. It has effectively improved the information security protection level of relay protection equipment.

In this work, different kinds of detection methods of pipeline leakage were summarized based on the currently reported technology. In the case of different leakage situations, the detection method could be hardware-based or software-based. The working principle, advantages, and disadvantages of the methods were discussed and compared with each other in accuracy, sensitivity, cost, and so on.

In recent years, with the continuous increase of car ownership in China, the demand for car repair and maintenance is also increasing, and China's automotive aftermarket is also on the track of rapid development. The article focuses on the introduction of the test content of the engine hood, which is a typical after-market component, and briefly introduces the basic content and ideas of component testing in the certification of the Certified Automotive Parts Association(CAPA). With the continuous decline in production and sales in the domestic new car market, China will inevitably have higher requirements for the auto maintenance market in the next few years, and there are also huge opportunities for the development of parts certification in the aftermarket. Digesting and absorbing the mature American automotive aftermarket technical capabilities and providing a standard basis for the development of China's aftermarket should be the basic work to promote the development of this field at present.

At present, with the increasing complexity of oilfield exploitation, the limitations of traditional logging technology are further highlighted. In order to effectively overcome the limitations of traditional techniques and promote the high accuracy of oilfield logging, in this study, based on the actual situation of an oilfield, a qualified special isotope tracer technique was studied, and several typical oil wells were selected to carry out targeted oilfield logging with this technique. The experimental results show that the introduction of special isotope tracer technology can further improve the quality and accuracy of injection profile interpretation of oil wells and provide more favorable dynamic monitoring basis for the subsequent adjustment of oilfield development.

This conference paper, originally published on 31 October 2022 was withdrawn on 1 November 2022 per organizer request.

This paper introduces the composition and relevant test functions of comprehensive test bench for passive hydraulic brake caliper for subway. The comprehensive test bench for passive hydraulic brake caliper for subway has the functions of collecting and processing various types of data and can easily generate various data reports. The test bench can complete the action test, output force test, impact vibration test and action fatigue test of passive hydraulic brake clamp for subway. In this paper, according to the supply technical requirements of hydraulic brake clamp, the test scheme is developed, and the test bench is simulated and verified based on AMESim.

In order to ensure the welding quality of the butt weld of the supercritical unit pipeline, ultrasonic testing is often used as a nondestructive testing method for the quality evaluation of the butt weld.In this paper, phased array testing technology, Ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction(TOFD) testing technology and conventional A-type pulse ultrasonic testing technology were used to test the simulated test block. Experiments showed that the three methods can effectively detect slag inclusion, incomplete penetration and cracks. TOFD inspection technology had certain advantages in measuring the height of defects. Phased array ultrasonic testing technology had more intuitive test results. Combined with A-scan signal, it had certain advantages in defect characterization. Conventional A-type pulse ultrasonic testing technology has certain advantages in operability, and can effectively detect complex parts and workpieces.

With the continuous development of society and the continuous realization of people's better life, the elevator is more and more popular and increased, thus the energy loss brought by the elevator is also constantly increasing, causing a great degree of concern. In this paper, in order to research an effective computing analysis of elevator energy loss analysis of energy efficiency testing instruments, set its working environment and equipment related parameters, selection of typical brand model as the research object, using the elevator testing lightheaded for tons of km power consumption calculation principle, through to its power, power consumption, the change of the relevant data such as voltage, current curve analysis and calculation. The energy efficiency index grade of relevant stage electricity operation is obtained, which provides relevant technical reference data and theoretical analysis numerical basis for special equipment industry to formulate relevant energy saving and emission reduction.

Pulp level control and fine ore recovery in the flotation process both heavily rely on pulp level measurement. There is just a few measuring equipment that can do this operation due to the hostile environment of monitoring flotation pulp parameters and the strict standards for measuring instruments. As a result, a new type of flotation pulp level measuring instrument is created to meet the demands of the flotation environment. It can measure the pulp level and foam thickness parameters and provide real-time display and transmission. The experiment demonstrates that the instrument has strong reproducibility and stability, is simple to operate, and is ideal for measuring liquid level parameters in the flotation process.

Pointed north Qaidam Basin basement rock gas reservoir is poor reservoir physical property, strong heterogeneity, complex reservoir model, gas well early to see water exist in the process of gas reservoir development and produce the problem such as water source. In this paper, on the basis of geological research, combined with the feature of pointed north gas field production, output by qualitative and quantitative analysis of the pointed north gas field water sources. Further analysis of gas well dynamic characteristics, grasp the law of water production. By studying the water source of gas well in gas reservoir, it provides a certain theoretical basis for water control of each single well.

The processing quality of optical communication devices will affect the performance of the equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out strict inspection on optical communication devices, and they can only leave the factory after passing the test. Judging from the current detection methods, the detection of optical communication devices mainly adopts manual detection methods, resulting in low detection efficiency and subjective influence on the detection results. Aiming at the problems existing in the detection of optical communication devices, this paper studies the defect detection technology of optical communication devices based on machine vision. This paper analyzes the main inspection items and indicators of optical communication devices, the composition of the inspection system and the main module structure, studies different template pairing methods, and designs the corresponding defect detection algorithm according to the imaging characteristics of components and bases on the product. The experimental results show that the components can be successfully matched under different conditions. The detection technology studied in this paper has a low rate of missed detection and false detection and has good defect detection stability and accuracy.

In June 2020, the Beidou network was completed, and the satellite navigation and positioning work was further advanced. At present, Beidou CORS have been well applied in various engineering fields, and the railway engineering survey has gradually shifted from GPS to Beidou. This study based on chizhou - huangshan mountain railway engineering survey, the actual analyzes the measurement results based on beidou CORS, from the results of the data quality aspects of study, results show that the big dipper CORS measurement results can meet the related specifications of railway measurement, data accuracy meets the requirements, provide a reference for similar engineering applications.

In recent years, the electric vehicle market has been expanding rapidly. By the end of 2021, the number of new energy vehicles in the country will reach 7.84 million, accounting for 2.60% of the total number of vehicles, an increase of 59.25% over 2020. A small number of electric vehicles will not have an impact on the power grid. But in the future, with the electrification of all passenger cars, large-scale electric vehicles will emerge in the future. The access to large-scale electric vehicles and charging piles to the power grid will bring new challenges to the normal operation and control of the power grid. Therefore, charging load forecasting is essential. This paper proposes a load forecasting model based on a multilayer perceptron. It can predict the charging load of electric vehicles in a specific area and provide a reference for urban infrastructure planning and construction, optimal power flow of power systems, and economic dispatch of power grids.

To effectively establish the three-dimensional model of the pipe laying process, reduce the three-dimensional coordinate positioning error of pipe laying and realize pipe position remeasurement, the pipe position remeasurement method of power engineering based on tilt photography three-dimensional reconstruction technology is studied. The UAV is equipped with four tilt cameras and a vertical camera, combined with a GPS receiver and high-precision inertial sensor to collect the pipe laying image and more accurate position information. Tube images are normalized to uniform light and color. The aerial triangulation method extracts the accurate pipe laying position information in the more accurate position. According to the processed pipe laying image and accurate position information, the polygonal pipe laying three-dimensional model is reconstructed and the pipe position information is retested. Experiments show that this method can effectively establish the three-dimensional model of the pipe laying process and retest the pipe position. In different routes, this method can accurately extract the three-dimensional coordinates of the pipeline, and the maximum absolute coordinate error is only 18cm.

The axial force of high-strength bolts has always been the focus and inspection content of steel structure bridges during the operation period. However, the existing specifications do not give clear regulations on the inspection method. This paper discusses the applicability of the ultrasonic testing method in the detection of high-strength bolt axial force through a comprehensive comparison test between laboratory test and bridge structure field test. The results show that the ultrasonic testing method used in bolt axial force detection has the advantages of no damage to the bolt structure, retestability, high efficiency, etc., the test accuracy and stability are good, and it has a high promotion value.

With the advancement of actual combat training, a high-precision artillery barrel direction measurement method is required under actual combat conditions. The total station method is the best method among the various methods. During the measurement process, the barrel axis is not visible and cannot be measured directly. The commonly used axis visualization method introduces measurement errors. This paper analyzes the reasons for the error of the visualization method. Based on the rotation relationship between the coordinate systems, the implicit function relationship between the error and the measurement direction is derived by using the Euler-Rodrigues equation. Finally, an experiment is carried out with a particular type of artillery to verify the rationality of the functional relationship.

The measurement of buried defects is of great significance to the safety evaluation of pressure equipment. Ultrasonic shear wave testing is one of the most commonly used methods for defect size and location measurement. The test results are calculated from probe parameters, so errors in probe parameters will affect the measurement results. In order to study the influences of probe parameters errors on the results of ultrasonic shear wave testing of defect depth and height. First, the probability distributions of measured values were obtained through experiments. Secondly, Monte Carlo method was used to analyze the influence of probe parameter error on measurement results. Finally, the analysis results were verified by a test case. Studies have shown that the larger the refraction angle, the larger the probe parameter error, and the greater the impact on the depth and height defect measurement.

GO-PdNi composite nanozyme has been achieved in this work, which possessed the oxidase catalytic activity. This study shows that the molar mass ratio of Pd and Ni can regulate the catalytic activity of GO-PdNi composites. When the molar mass ratio of the two elements is 1:1, the catalytic activity is better. In addition, temperature, pH, ABTS and nanozyme concentration are also important factors affecting the catalytic activity of nanozymes. Based on the characteristics of the oxidase-PdNi-like characteristic and color detection method, we have designed a method with good selectivity and sensitivity to detect ascorbic acid (AA) in fruit juice. Through the analysis of the experimental results, we obtained the scope of AA detection and linear detection range of 0.2mM and 0.200 ~ 1.296mM, respectively. GO-PdNi has good catalytic performance and is expected to be widely used in the field of food safety.

Pipeline internal inspection gauge (PIG) can find out the internal defects of the pipeline and is one of the most effective pipeline inspection methods. However, the detection of small-diameter pipelines is currently a difficult problem facing by the oilfield integrity management, since the there is no suitable PIG for small-diameter pipeline. In response to this problem this study proposes a detection method for Φ168 small-diameter pipelines based on ultra-high-definition magnetic flux leakage technology. Based on the principle of magnetic flux leakage detection, a magnetic circuit model of ultra-high-definition magnetic flux leakage detection for Φ168 small-diameter pipelines is established, and a PIG for Φ168 small diameter pipelines is designed. It is verified that the PIG designed has good passability through the indoor pulling test. In addition, it has been applied in a pipeline in an oil field with good effect.

As an important component of geological work, rock and mineral appraisal plays an invisible role in the development of geological work. The detection means mainly rely on artificial and optical microscope to detect and analyze, because of the researcher's result level and knowledge level, the research results are affected greatly, and the workload is large, the research cycle is long. In order to further optimize the detection method of geological rock and mineral, this study mainly aims at the sample slice of geological prospecting sample, carries on the regional detection by using the electron scanning electron microscope, carries on the picture splicing by using the BPMA software, and realizes the measurement of the geological sample. By means of Sample Mosaic Images, the rock structure and structure, the degree of mineral crystallization, the relation between joints and crushing, the relation between inclusion and insertion, the sequence of mineral formation and the automatic naming of rocks and minerals are described, thus the automatic mineralogical detection of rock and mineral is realized.

At present, in the inspection of special equipment, the application of the measurement uncertainty of the equipment is not popular. The uncertainty of the inspection and testing data of special equipment must be obtained on the basis of the uncertainty of the equipment. This paper takes the uncertainty of the verification temperature test chamber as an example, and specifies the application of the measurement uncertainty in the inspection and testing equipment.

The structural diseases of the airport runway pavement seriously threaten the operation safety of aircraft. In order to accurately and timely detect the capacity of the pavement structure and identify the internal structural diseases, this paper relies on Harbin Airport to carry out nondestructive testing technology research on runway pavement structural conditions. The Heavy Weight Deflectometer (HWD) is used to comprehensively evaluate the bearing capacity of the airfield pavement, and the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technology is used to detect the internal diseases of the pavement structure layer. The results of nondestructive detection show that the bearing capacity of the runway pavement shows a downward trend, and the hidden disease is mainly the separation between the cement concrete layer and the base layer. Also, disease detection and treatment provide accurate and reliable technical basis.

This paper introduces the design principle of high-speed optical fiber grating demodulator based on scanning laser source, elaborated on high-speed fiber Bragg grating demodulation system principle. Structure, key technology, and system has high scanning speed of 1KHz and high precision, so very suitable for rapid monitoring of dam, water conservancy and electric power, transportation, petrochemical and other industries on the temperature, deformation and other physical quantities.

Based on practical application, this paper puts forward a design scheme of electric vehicle charger distributed communication system in the technical field of charging station. In this design, the periphery of the charging station body is equipped with a rain proof and anti-collision device. The rain proof and anti-collision device includes three protective plates arranged on the periphery of the charging station body and a rain proof plate arranged on the top of the charging station body. The rain proof plate and the protective plate are detachable connections. An anti-collision structure is arranged between the protective plate and the outer wall of the charging station body. The communication system has rain proof and anti-collision performance, avoiding damage, and has a certain practical significance.

Mechanical design and manufacture were the basic industry of modern production, which had experienced a relatively long development stage. With the integration of the internet and the internet of things, the development speed of modern industry had been gradually accelerated, which not only improved the actual production efficiency, but also ensured the production quality, as a result that the safety problems had been effectively controlled. With this development trend, the characteristics of mechanical design, manufacture and automation should be fully tapped, so that the final production level could be significantly improved after the production advantages being given full pay to. This paper mainly studied the application status of mechanical design, manufacture and automation, and explored the development trend of mechanical design and manufacture in the future, so as to provide power for the further development of modern industry and ensure the safety of actual production.

In order to reduce the damage rate of apples, the stress variation inside apples was studied when apples were grasped by end-effectors with different types of finger surfaces. The finite element model of each part of the apple was constructed by simulation tests with ANSYS. The process of grasping an apple with flat fingers and a three-point gripping method was simulated. Key point stress and deformation distribution maps were obtained for 3 parts of the apple peel, flesh and core. The results showed that the stress at the peel was the greatest during grasping and the peel was most vulnerable to be damaged. At the same time, when the loading forces were the same, the gripping of apples by the three-point gripping method caused less stress on all parts of the apples and less deformation on the apples. When the gripping force was 10, 25, 40 and 55N, the deformation caused by grasping with flat fingers is 32%, 51%, 56% and 54% larger than that of three-point gripping, respectively. Therefore, the probability of mechanical damage to the peel caused by the three-point gripping method was low. This result enabled a more accurate prediction and assessment of apple damage feasible. It also provided a reference for the optimal design of the end-effector of the picking robot in terms of fruit damage reduction.

In order to solve the problem of unreasonable distribution of maintenance resources under current power distribution equipment maintenance modes, an optimization model for power distribution equipment maintenance planning considering maintenance risks and failure risks is proposed in this paper. We take the minimum sum of maintenance risk and failure risk as the objective function to optimize the maintenance mode and the maintenance frequency. The maintenance risks include maintenance costs and maintenance plan losses. In addition, we consider the constraints of maintenance capability, coordinated maintenance, mutually exclusive maintenance and grid radial operation to make the optimization plan closer to the actual state of the power grid and equipment. The particle swarm intelligent algorithm is used to solve the model. Finally, the proposed model and algorithm are verified by the IEEE-RBTS BUS5 power distribution system.

Hydraulic devices are electromechanical hydraulic composite systems, and the fault causes and phenomena are coupled and correlated in multiple systems, so the effective fault diagnosis needs to master the necessary system performance parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out performance judgment, fault diagnosis, replacement and debugging of hydraulic devices and components of heavy vehicles effectively by modern means such as convenient and effective hydraulic device testing instruments and equipment. This paper introduces the hydraulic device technical condition evaluation system, which can detect the pressure of hydraulic device and evaluate, providing effective means for vehicle preventive maintenance.

Carry out research on calibration technology for cement mortar strength flexural and compressive testing machine. On the basis of clarifying the test force as the main calibration parameter, the measurement performance requirements of the relevant parameters are put forward, the calibration method is designed, the measurement standard instrument is developed, and the uncertainty evaluation method is formed. The research results lay a foundation for the calibration of the test force of the cement mortar strength flexural and compression testing machine and improve the reliability of the cement mortar strength test results.

At present, tunnel drilling inclination correction mostly uses the traditional method of inclination prediction and correction of tunnel drilling with worker experience and special inclination and measurement equipment. This method has low efficiency, high working intensity and low equipment utilization rate. On this basis, some other methods have been proposed to use 3D image technology to calculate the position inclination of tunnel punching points with industrial-grade 3D cameras. However, the accuracy of the above methods is not high. In order to solve the above two problems and realize the high precision vertical drilling of the computer fully automatic control punching robot, this paper proposes a tunnel drilling inclination correction method based on three-laser rangefinder. First, the computer communicates with the laser rangefinder to obtain the measurement results of three-laser rangefinder; second, calculating the distance between three points to determine whether the section between the drill and the punched point can be offset; finally, calculating the inclination correction and adjusting the execution end attitude. Experiments show that compared with the existing artificial drilling technology or calculating the tunnel hole position inclination with the help of industrial 3D camera using 3D image technology, this method has higher accuracy and drilling efficiency, good breakthrough has been made in reducing cost and improving efficiency. It can also meet the requirements of equipment stability in the harsh tunnel environment.

Nondestructive testing technology plays a vital role in ensuring the safe and effective operation of industrial production. Aiming at the problem of quantitative detection of defects in metal materials, based on studying the existing eddy current detection technology and based on the principle of finite element, this study designs a quantitative detection scheme of detecting defects in metal materials using neural network, uses eddy current probe to obtain the detection signal of defects, makes quantitative judgment on the location and size of defects in parts, and simulates and studies the frequency, size The influence of exciting current and coil arrangement on the detection signal.

The state of the bridge directly affects the service status of the high-speed railroad, and the beam seam variation over the limit will bring safety hazards to the high-speed running trains. Based on this, this paper proposes the design of the processing circuit of the beam seam monitoring scheme based on grating sensors. The method of the processing circuit mainly includes the instrumentation amplifier circuit with high common-mode rejection ratio, the second-order active gain low-pass filter to filter out the high-frequency noise caused by unstable factors such as high-speed train impact, the shaping circuit consisting of a double-limit comparator with 50% output duty cycle, and the most important one, which can The design of the discriminative circuit to identify the direction of movement.Finally, through Multisim 13.0 simulations, we conclude that the amplifier circuit is similar to the theoretical calculation but with a phase shift; the filter circuit can effectively filter out the noise of high-speed train shocks, and the output waveform is similar to a sinusoidal signal; the shaping circuit is the same as the theoretical one, with only a very weak phase shift; and the discriminator circuit proves that it can effectively output pulse waveform.

Water is an essential factor affecting the use function of the subgrade, and excessive moisture content of the subgrade itself may cause potential diseases such as subgrade bed subsidence and mud pumping. As a dynamic acceptance project of a high-speed railway with a speed of 200 km/h and above in China, the lack of evaluation index of subgrade moisture content not only affects the dynamic acceptance evaluation, but also brings great difficulties to the disposal of abnormal sections of subgrade moisture content. To solve the problem of grading evaluation of moisture content in subgrade bed of railway, based on the previous ground penetrating radar detection of high-speed railway subgrade, the grading evaluation index of moisture content in subgrade bed of high-speed railway is proposed by collecting, processing, evaluating and analyzing the data of water content in subgrade bed, and tracking the occurrence of diseases in abnormal water content section of subgrade, which provides the basis for dynamic acceptance of high-speed railway in China and important guidance for maintaining the abnormal section of the subgrade with moisture content.

Both NB/T47013.2 and DL/T 821 are widely used in radiographic nondestructive testing of power plant boilers. This paper analyzes and compares the main differences between the two standards from three aspects: evaluation range, quality classification and radiographic process, and points out the improvement measures of DL/T 821 standard for boiler radiographic nondestructive testing.

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to calibrate the demodulation loss parameter for high code rate integrated base band device (HDR) in a Gaussian White Noise environment, a method based on vector signal analyzer is proposed to measure the parameters of error vector magnitude(EVM)and signal-to- noise ratio(SNR).By studying the relationship among EVM, SNR and bit error rate (BER),the BER can be monitored by the vector signal analyzer(VSA).In combination with coherence integration theory, a calibration scheme is given to measure demodulation loss parameter by using spectrum analyzer. It can solve the problem of traceability for HDR which is extremely important for the satellite testing system on the ground. The result of the experiment demonstrates that this method has good performance and can solve the problem of traceability for digital modulation system effectively.

Water mixing in oil gathering system is a kind of oil well gathering and transportation technology widely used in high pour point and high viscosity crude oil fields. At present, the water mixing control valve cannot automatically adjust the water mixing volume according to the actual working conditions, resulting in high water consumption and serious waste of heat energy. This paper designs a constant pressure water mixing control device, which is an automatic actuator that changes the regulating valve according to the pressure behind the valve. The water mixing control device is developed, which integrates the valve core, valve seat, valve stem, actuator, temperature and pressure transmitter, and realizes automatic adjustment of valve opening according to the pressure behind the valve. The field test shows that the device can automatically adjust the mixing water amount according to the change of the oil well back pressure, greatly reduce the mixing water amount of the water mixing system, save the water mixing electricity cost, quickly recover the investment of the transformation project, reduce the labor intensity of the on-site during the well inspection, and facilitate the production management.

In order to understand the main diseases of ERS steel bridge deck pavement system and further optimize the maintenance decision of ERS steel bridge deck pavement system, this paper judged the technical statuses of the EBCL layer, RA05 layer, and SMA layer of ERS steel bridge deck pavement system by means of the thermal imager, small-scale milling, and other technologies based on the bridge deck pavement maintenance project of Jiashao Bridge over the years. It was determined that the bridge deck pavement damage is mainly located in the SMA layer. Based on this, the rutting depth standard for maintenance and screening was clarified as 10mm. Two maintenance schemes were compared for the rutted section, and a better maintenance scheme was selected.

The cutterhead is the most important part of a shield tunneling machine. The bracket part commonly generates cracks on the surface due to the harsh working environment. The laser-generated surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) detection method is a promising non-destructive method for detecting such cracks. In this paper, we present a method of locating the defect by analyzing the interaction between laser-generated SAWs and cracks in the bracket structure with the finite element model. Complicated propagation phenomena are observed from displacement fields at different times. The SAWs interact with the junction first, and generate transmission, reflection, and mode-conversion waves. Then, the newly generated SAWs interact with the crack and undergo the same phenomena. Detailed analysis on out-of-plane displacement waveforms is discussed to identify the wave mode. The results show that the newly generated trtR wave in the out-of-plane displacement at the receiving point on the horizontal plate can be used to locate a crack with an error of only 1.5%.

In order to reduce the operating cost of automated storage and the power consumption of the three-dimensional warehouse system, a nonlinear scheduling method for combined navigation of ships considering the water flow speed of the curved channel is studied in this paper. An energy conversion module is arranged between the grid of the stacker and the horizontal drive inverter and the lift drive inverter. In this paper, a potential energy recovery device for stacker cranes is studied, which recovers the energy generated during the braking process and stores it in the internal energy storage device of the equipment. This technology satisfies the internal use of the equipment and has the conditions to feed energy back to the grid through active inverter. The experimental results show that the potential energy recovery technology is 154 kWh, which can save 66 kWh of electricity in one day. Save about 170,000 yuan a year.

In this paper, the line test and vibration analysis of a straddle-type monorail vehicle are carried out. Firstly, the basic situation of the field tracking test is introduced, and then the vibration evaluation method is determined. Finally, the vibration response of the car body, the vibration response of the bogie and the Sperling index of the passenger compartment are studied through the data analysis of the line test. The research results show that the main frequency of the center frequency of 2.6Hz is the main reason for the large vertical Sperling index of the car body floor. And there are two main frequencies below 40Hz at the frame measuring points. The lateral and vertical Sperling indexes of the vehicle are quite different, and the maximum values of all vehicles vertical Sperling indexes are greater than 3.3, while the maximum values of vehicle lateral Sperling indexes are generally less than 2.5.

Stroke, also known as cerebrovascular disease, is a disease in which cerebral vessels are ruptured or blocked, resulting in ischemia, hypoxia or necrosis of brain tissue. After the onset of the disease, most patients are accompanied by symptoms such as hemiplegia, which will affect the function of the hands. Through investigation and study, the existing hand rehabilitation exoskeleton is mainly aimed at inward contraction and abduction (finger expansion and contraction), which is a rehabilitation movement lack of regional abduction (finger swing) rehabilitation exercise. Therefore, this design is aimed at stroke patients who have no autonomous grasping ability in the rehabilitation stage. Based on the rehabilitation theory, the passive rehabilitation training scheme is put forward, and two kinds of movements, namely, regional stretching and inward contraction and outward abduction. A novel finger exoskeleton is proposed. The exoskeleton has series elastic drive based on Bowden cable, which allows bidirectional torque control of fingers (except thumb) alone. According to the degree of freedom of finger joints, three series elastic drives of Bowden cables are designed at corresponding positions to complete and combine the two rehabilitation movements. After that, PROE modeling and simulation, MATLAB robot model building, DH method solving forward kinematics solution, Laplace transform solving open-loop and closed-loop transfer function of moment and speed of MCP joint are used for design verification. Finally, the forward kinematics results, transfer function results and 5-degree polynomial fitting curve results prove that the idea conforms to the original design intention, and finally shows that the exoskeleton hand rehabilitation robot designed covers the two rehabilitation plans proposed.

Hand rehabilitation is essential for people with upper limb disabilities to restore their independence in daily living activities. There is preliminary evidence that robot equipment based on a force control strategy can help effective human limb rehabilitation. However, according to recent research, the existing hand exoskeleton cannot allow joints' special force or torque control. In this paper, a new index finger exoskeleton is proposed, which is based on the series of elastic driving of the Bowden line. It can help disabled patients to grasp, adduct and abduct the hand index finger exoskeleton because they typically have difficulty moving and cannot perform simple daily activities. Secondly, in this paper, the degrees of freedom and closed-loop kinematic chain of each joint of the index finger are analyzed and calculated. Through modelling based on solid works and kinematics simulation based on Matlab, the optimal posture path of mechanical mechanism to assist the index finger movement when grasping and stretching the index finger is put forward. Finally, based on the bidirectional torque drive, the Bowden line is introduced to realize the movement control of PIP and MCP joints by flexible drive (SEA), and the DIP track slot is innovatively added to help the DIP joint coupled with PIP to complete the appropriate bending angle, thus maintaining the natural movement characteristics of fingers.

The security of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV) or frogmen operating underwater is increasingly significant. Hence, the movement and real-time locations of divers and underwater vehicles need to become timely and traceable. This paper proposes a small transponder type underwater positioning acoustic beacon with a distress call function for the fast and accurate measurement and positioning needs of Unmanned Underwater Vehicle, divers, and other underwater operations. Specifically, the circuit composition and detection mechanism of acoustic beacons are described. The design method and structural layout of the acoustic beacon body and interior are detailed. Furthermore, the data and effects of on-lake tests such as maximum positioning distance verification, range error test, directional error test, and underwater maneuvering trajectory measurement are analyzed.

At present, the protective net cover of the apple suit mainly relies on manual fitting, and there is no machinery for automatically fitting the shockproof net cover for apple. In order to solve the existing mechanical defects and the demand of fruit farmers for the apple automatic set machine, combined with the actual situation, an automatic apple shockproof net set machine with a diameter of 8cm is designed. The machine is based on the PLC of Siemens series PLC-S7-200 SMART ST20 model, including bagging device, net storage device, cutting device, photoelectric sensor acquisition, electrical control, etc., and completes the function of automatically fitting apple shockproof net sleeves. After the sensor detects that the apple has reached the designated position, the bagging device operates to fit the anti-collision net sleeve, and then the electric heating wire cutting device cuts off the excess anti-collision net sleeve. This equipment can effectively save labor, reduce the burden for the aging society, and reduce production costs.

The hospital room is the first line of assistance to patients, to ensure the comfort of doctors and patients at the same time, but also to ensure the protection of the personal safety of doctors and patients. For this reason, a good airflow organization helps to reduce the concentration of respiratory particles in the whole space and also creates a comfortable environment. Based on the CFD theory of computational fluid dynamics, ANSYS Fluent software is used to simulate the clinic environment, and four airflow organizations are used as the research objects, and the temperature cloud map, air age, and draft rate (DR) are used as the evaluation indexes, while the particulate matter concentration in the clinic is analyzed, and the 10 main indexes for evaluating the clinic environment are subjected to the principal component analysis algorithm (PCA), the four airflow organizations are comprehensive ranking. Since the traditional questionnaire has a lot of human subjectivity, using the algorithm can effectively compensate for the shortcomings of the questionnaire, and comparing the conclusions derived from the PCA algorithm with the results of the questionnaire can make the conclusions more scientific. The final conclusion is that the airflow organization of the replacement air supply can meet human comfort and air freshness while reducing the concentration of respiratory particulate matter in the clinic environment under the evaluation of various indexes, for which the replacement air supply scheme can provide a theoretical basis and reference for future construction implementation.

Permanent magnet direct-drive subway vehicles are the development direction of urban rail transit and have broad application prospects in the increasingly tense urban traffic. In this paper, a subway bogie with permanent magnet direct drive technology is designed, which has the advantages of reducing energy consumption and improving the ability of the bogie to pass through small radius curves. Through the strength analysis and fatigue test of the bogie frame, it is shown that the maximum stress and fatigue limit of the frame under each working condition meet the standard requirements, and the first-order natural frequency of the frame is 49.2 Hz, and there is no crack in the frame after the fatigue test. Through the energy consumption comparison test and dynamic line test of the subway vehicle equipped with the bogie, it is found that the permanent magnet direct drive train is relatively energy-saving by 20% to 30%, and its dynamic performance is significantly better than that of the asynchronous traction system train, which can adapt to smaller curves. It has a certain reference value for the research and design of the permanent magnet direct drive bogie of subway vehicles.

Acoustic emission (AE) technology is widely used in corrosion inspection of atmospheric tank bottom. However, in view of the problems of missed inspection and inaccurate location in the process of bottom plate leakage detection, combined with out-of-service inspection, an AE detection and verification method suitable for atmospheric tank bottom leakage is proposed, and the specific process flow is specified. Taking the oil spill from the leak detection hole of a petrochemical company's storage tank foundation as an example, AE detection was carried out on the storage tank, and the suspected leakage position of the storage tank bottom was determined. After the tank was opened, magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection was carried out on the base material of the storage tank bottom in this area, and field gradient and high intensity magnetic scanning technology (FGI) was carried out on the welding seam, so as to determine the leakage position. According to the corrosion situation in the tank and the settlement inspection results, it is analyzed that the leakage is caused by corrosion perforation of the tank bottom under the action of sedimentary water.

In order to solve the problem of safe and efficient picking up of table tennis teaching and training in the post-epidemic era, a sterilization and disinfection rapid sorting table tennis device was designed. The device uses a new visual camera to capture and locate the table tennis ball on the ground and moves to the position of the military tennis ball under the action of a universal moving wheel. The military tennis ball is sucked into the storage tank of the device under the action of a pumping fan, disinfected by a UV disinfection lamp tube, and dedusted by vibration motor vibration, and then quickly collected, cleaned and disinfected by the device, so as to reduce the artificial labor force and improve the efficiency of cleaning and disinfection. The design was patented by the State Intellectual Property Office for utility model (patent number: ZL 20212 1990036.0), and the author refined the identification and positioning system and control system of the device, providing a necessary reference for the research and development and promotion of the device in the future.

The problem of automotive cyber security is becoming increasingly serious. In 2020, UN / WP 29 released the world's first mandatory regulation on automotive cyber security R155, which involves the entire life cycle of vehicle design and development. As an important means to discover cyber security problems, R155 and its important supporting standard ISO / SAE 21434 have put forward relevant requirements for testing. This paper interprets the requirements of R155 regulation and ISO / SAE 21434 standard on vehicle cyber security test, analyze the testing in the R & D process and the testing in the approval stage, and studies the test process and method that meet the requirements of the regulation.

In the current information age, digital technology is applicable to the elevator inspection process. The intelligent elevator detection technology can improve the authenticity and accuracy of the detection data, so as to respond to the actual operation of the elevator more comprehensively. This paper explores the development of elevator intelligent inspection and detection, studies the main problems in elevator intelligent inspection and detection, and puts forward targeted suggestions.

A multifunctional travel tool based on Arduino for visually impaired people is designed in this paper. It consists of a camera, ultrasonic ranging modules, GPS+GSM, voice broadcast, vibration motors. In the process of navigation, vehicles, pedestrians, intersections, and traffic lights, the camera is responsible for data collection and image recognition, and output is by voice and vibration; combined with ultrasonic waves, small-scale obstacles, road depressions, and small objects are detected to ensure users security. route information provided by GPS positioning module is aimed to actively locate the target. The GPS location information is uploaded to the WeChat applet by the 4G network, and the user's family can view the user's current location through the applet. This design ensures the safety of the visually impaired people travel, reassures the family members when the visually impaired people are traveling.

Using the Grimm small particle monitor equipped with the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the atmospheric particulates at different altitudes in Wuqing District of Tianjin were monitored. The flight tests were carried out under three kinds of weather conditions including severe pollution, moderate pollution, and good. And then the concentration and the vertical variation characteristics of the atmospheric particulates were analyzed separately. The result showed that from the ground to the height of 180m, the concentration of the atmospheric particulates did not change significantly with the altitude. The concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, PM1.0, and the particulates below 1µm showed a high correlation. And their change trends are consistent with the altitude and the time. Under static and stable weather conditions, the atmospheric particulates change rapidly between the height of 180m and 250m. There was a small peak at the height of 400m where the atmospheric particulates fell more than 80 percent. At the same height, the mass concentration and number concentration change trends of different atmospheric particulates are consistent with the time. Under the severe pollution weather condition, the mass concentration and number concentration of the atmospheric particulates were more than twice of those under the moderate pollution weather condition. Under the severe and moderate pollution weather conditions, the mass concentration and number concentration of the atmospheric particulates were one order of magnitude bigger than those under the good weather condition. Under the different weather conditions, the atmospheric particulates are mainly concentrated near the ground (0-200m). The concentrations of the atmospheric particulates were all decreasing and stayed at a low level between the height of 300m and 900m.

Dairy products are rich in nutrients, contain protein, fat, minerals (inorganic salts), vitamins and other nutrients that are beneficial to human growth and development, and are loved by consumers. Nowadays, the market is flooded with adulterated/counterfeit dairy products, which are adulterated by various means. In this chapter, four different milk powder brands were identified by Vis-NIR spectroscopy combined with relevant chemometric methods. Based on the "one-to-one residual method", four "binary classification" models are established, and the SDPC-PLS-DA method is proposed to extract the characteristic wavelengths of each model and optimize the models. For the samples not involved in modeling, the "integrated scoring method" was used to assign scores and examine the four preferred "binary classification" models in turn. It has obvious advantages for the identification of samples with similar composition and content. Near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectral qualitative discriminant analysis, using similarity and dissimilarity for spectral pattern recognition, has the advantages of direct, rapid and efficient, and the application of this technique to the identification of adulteration/counterfeiting of dairy products has potential applications.

This study aimed at evaluating the uncertainty of the determination method of semi-volatile organic compounds by solid-phase extraction / GC-MS in flexible hose immersion solution with acetophenone as model. The determination method was set up according to GB/T 23448-2019 and GB/T 5750.8-2006. The various factors influencing the detection were comprehensively and systematically analyzed. The mathematical model of each component was established in the determination process. The influence of each uncertain component was evaluated to confirm the region of the detection consequence. The experimental results illustrated that in the sample which the content of acetophenone in flexible hose immersion solution was 5.01 mg/L, the uncertainty of the determination of U was 0.50 mg/L (k = 2, p = 95%). The standard solution preparation, instrument sampling, and immersion solution solid-phased extraction process were the primary factors influencing the uncertainty of the test.

Mobility assistance for the elderly has become a key issue of social concern. At present, mobility assistance exoskeletons have been invented to assist the elderly to walk. However, there is still a key point at issue about how to make them more lightweight, portable, stable, and controllable. This paper is intended to assist walking in the elderly, and the lower limb assist exoskeleton is designed from the structure and the control is optimized. Structurally, the Bowden cable remote transmission series spring pre-tensioner is used to make it lighter and more flexible. In terms of control, a PID closed-loop control model based on genetic algorithm optimization is established, and the force output curve after PID optimization is compared with the force output curve under the conventional PID tuning mode. The characteristics of system control accuracy, response speed, and stability under different PID parameters are analyzed, as well as the superiority of PID control based on genetic algorithm optimization is verified. This lower limb exoskeleton control method optimized by a genetic algorithm improves the overall control accuracy of the control system. In addition, the whole skeleton is lightweight, portable, comfortable, and controllable, which finally achieves the purpose of assisting the elderly to walk in a safer and more convenient way.

With the vigorous development of the solar photovoltaic industry, the operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power stations has ushered in huge challenges. To solve the problems of low efficiency, poor accuracy, and high cost of traditional manual inspection of photovoltaic power stations, the UAV inspection system for photovoltaic has become a new solution to solve the pain points of the industry, which can improve the inspection efficiency greatly. In photovoltaic inspection systems, defect detection is the most important goal. In this paper, a defect detection algorithm based on improved yolov5 for photovoltaic modules is proposed. The convolution block attention module (CBAM) is introduced to extract the attention area, and the weighted non-maximum suppression (NMS) is replaced by DIOU_NMS to improve the recognition accuracy of the model. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively identify the hot spots and diode defects of photovoltaic modules, which lays a solid foundation for the fully autonomous inspection of photovoltaic power stations.

A real-time and accurate monitoring and identification method for explosion-proof instruments is proposed for industrial practical projects, and a monitoring and identification system for explosion-proof instruments based on machine vision is developed. Firstly, according to the location of the monitored explosion-proof instrument, the original image of the explosion-proof instrument is obtained, and the instrument dial is obtained by using machine vision technologies such as Gaussian filter, OTSU, weighted average method, etc. Grasp the position of the pointer through the ring ROI area, and finally correct the pointer angle by using the geometric relationship to identify the reading of ammeter and voltmeter on the instrument panel and identify the status of the indicator light by using the gray value difference. The experimental results show that this method can recognize the reading of the pointer in different instrument panels and different pointer positions, and the recognition rate is 98%. The status of the indicator is accurately identified. The system meets the needs of real-time online monitoring and identification.

For the problem of monitoring the operating working status of tungsten oxide rotary furnace, combined with the actual needs of enterprise managers, this paper designs a monitoring system based on narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology and WeChat applet development. The collected data are then forwarded and saved to MySQL database. In this paper, a WeChat applet is developed to access and obtain the equipment status data in the database according to the actual needs, and users will be able to understand the operation status of the equipment remotely in real time. The tungsten oxide rotary furnace inspection system developed in this paper provides a realistic and feasible industrial IoT transformation solution for tungsten metal preparation-related enterprises, which helps them to monitor the equipment remotely and call the historical data of the equipment at any time to make decisions on deployment.

As a widely used sensing device, the optical imaging system mainly includes products used in outdoor and indoor scenarios. However, there are few studies on the effect of environmental aging test on the imaging performance of the two types of products. In this paper, typical products used in two different scenarios, outdoor and indoor, are selected to investigate the quantitative impact of the damp heat test on their imaging quality. The investigated parameters used include imaging resolution, color revent and gray scale value. The study found that after about 10 cycles of damp heat test, the imaging quality of optical imaging products used indoors decreased significantly, with a decrease of more than 20% in key parameter. Outdoor use products have good tolerance to environmental testing, and there is basically no big difference. This paper will provide some reference for the rational use of optical imaging systems and the compilation of test standards.

To obtain the accurate terrain position information of the power grid infrastructure project, a corresponding terrain telemetry method based on RTK carrier phase difference technology is proposed, which is dedicated to solving the problems of low-definition telemetry images and large positioning error. The GPS positioning technology is adopted to detect detail points, adaptively adjust the prior estimation process of the Kalman filter state, and monitor the prior estimation covariance of parameter variables, then the posterior estimation vector of carrier phase difference is used to calculate the relative measurement value and integer ambiguity; after that, the large deviation of telemetry data is eliminated to obtain the most accurate telemetry result. The simulation showed that the proposed method has a small error and high accuracy in terrain position and distance of the power grid infrastructure project.

Optical imaging systems are widely used in various video surveillance sites, which may endure various harsh environmental aging conditions such as salt mist, change of temperature. However, there are few studies on the impact of various environmental tests on the overall imaging performance of the system. In this paper, several common environmental tests are selected to analyze their quantitative impact on the imaging quality of typical imaging systems. The imaging resolution, color revent and gray scale value are selected as the main imaging parameters. The study found that the salt mist test, gas corrosion, damp heat test, high and low temperature shock, and ultraviolet test have a great impact on the optical imaging system. Long-term exposure will cause the imaging quality of the imaging system to decrease significantly, with typical parameters attenuated by more than 10%. High temperature test, low temperature test, vibration test, waterproof test, low air pressure, shock and dust test have little effect on its image quality, the system has good tolerance to it, and the typical parameter attenuation is below 5%. This paper will provide some reference for the rational use of optical imaging systems and the compilation of test standards.

A machine vision-based automatic inspection system for satellite honeycomb sandwich panel assembly compliance is designed through image segmentation technology based on 3D reconstruction and registration and contour extraction technology based on the grayscale image for the rapid measurement of the assembly compliance of inserts of the satellite honeycomb sandwich structural panels before the cover is closed. Matching and calculating the inspection data with the read CAD model to determine the wrong and missed installed embedded parts and styrofoam and calculate their position accuracy. The effectiveness of the method has been proven through validation tests on actual satellite honeycomb sandwich structural panel products, with over 300% improvement in efficiency compared with the traditional manual visual method.

In order to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the transformer, a method for estimating the healthy operation state of the 110kV power grid transformer based on key characteristic quantities is proposed. The key characteristic quantities of 110kV power grid transformer operation are analyzed. According to the analysis results, from the perspective of harmonic loss, transformer insulation and oil and gas analysis, a method for estimating the healthy operation state of 110kV power grid transformers is designed. The experimental results show that the estimation results of the method in this paper are consistent with the actual operating conditions, and the estimation results have a high accuracy rate, indicating that the research results of this method are more reliable.

This paper takes the monitoring of steel corridor upgrading in Weihai Innovation Center as an example. We used Midas software to simulate various construction conditions of the steel corridor and the main structure, according to the simulation results, the key parts of the steel corridor and the main structure are obtained. Based on these results, we developed a monitoring plan. The upper and lower limits of stress and deformation of key structures are calculated according to relevant codes and design standards as the basis for judging structural safety. The results show that the monitoring system can meet the requirements of steel corridor construction monitoring, and the monitoring results can fully reflect the safety of the structure which provide a reference for the monitoring of similar projects in the future.

With the continuous development of economy and society, under the double pressure of energy shortage and environmental pollution, the comprehensive energy system combining wind energy, solar energy, sewage and other energy sources has developed rapidly and been widely used. In order to alleviate water pollution and energy shortage, this paper studies the planning and optimization of comprehensive energy system considering sewage reuse. Firstly, based on the potential of urban sewage reuse, the typical structure of energy system for sewage reuse is constructed. Secondly, aiming at minimizing the economic cost of the system, taking the lowest purchased energy cost and operating cost of the urban comprehensive energy system into consideration, and considering the power balance constraints of the comprehensive energy system, an optimization model of urban comprehensive energy system planning with wastewater reuse is established. Finally, the energy and sewage data of a city are selected for verification in a multi-energy system coupled by an improved IEEE24- node distribution system and an eight-point heat pipe network. The results show that the total planning cost of the urban comprehensive energy system planning optimization model with sewage reuse is reduced by 27.23% in the planning period, and the capital recovery period is increased by 1.2 years compared with that before use.

With the rapid development of computer technology and artificial intelligence, intelligent water taps bring a lot of convenience to people’s lives, but the intelligent water taps in the current market cannot meet the needs of food safety in catering institutions. The sink and tap system designed in this paper has infrared control function. The video image frames are extracted from the real-time video data collected by the video monitoring equipment, and the obtained image data are processed and analyzed. Machine vision technology can accurately identify objects and make accurate judgments. When objects are close to the faucet, they will be automatically identified. According to the classification of cleaning items and food, flow instructions will be issued. If the cleaning items are put in the wrong sink, the faucet will not flow, and the alarm will be started. At the same time, the temperature of the sink increases to open the disinfection and sterilization mode, which is simple and convenient to use. The artificial intelligence sink of catering institutions can effectively prevent the mixing of non-edible cleaning items with food, avoid the confusing use of vegetable cleaning sinks and meat cleaning sinks, effectively prevent the spread of various contact infectious diseases, and ensure food safety.

There are special dangers in the construction of hydropower projects. Therefore, strengthening the early warning of safety accidents in the construction of hydropower projects, and doing a good job in the safety management and prevention of the construction site are important guarantees for the smooth progress of the construction of hydropower projects. Based on this, based on the SVM model, this paper establishes an early warning index system for hydropower engineering construction safety accidents, builds a hydropower engineering construction safety accident early warning model based on SVM, and discusses the practical application of the SVM-based hydropower engineering construction safety accident early warning model. Finally, it proposes the safety precautions for the construction of hydropower projects aim to provide some useful references and improve the safety management level of hydropower project construction.

Civil aircraft is an aircraft product for customers (i.e. airliners), so in the process of aircraft design and manufacturing, the customer should be the center for the whole life-cycle of the aircraft design and manufacturing process. And aircraft maintainability is one of the most focuses of customers, whereas already paid attention during the design process, and less mentioned during the manufacturing process. Therefore, this paper especially put the focuses on the methodology and necessity of assessing the maintainability impact of deviations in disposal.

The number of stroke patients with senior conditions is rising steadily, which is a result of the major problem of population aging in China. Stroke is a condition that damages nerve tissue by preventing enough blood from reaching the brain because to blood vessel infarction in the brain. Stroke patients frequently experience sequelae like hemiplegia even after receiving emergency care, which has a significant negative influence on their ability to go about their regular lives. This study builds a three-degrees-of-freedom shoulder rehabilitation exoskeleton robot to aid in the treatment of motor nerve injury and offer more secure rehabilitation therapy equipment. This research examines the design of the ball hinge mechanism around the human obosmus humerus joint in conjunction with the concept of human anatomy in order to achieve greater compatibility for the robot shoulder construction. The motion of the robot system is then examined in this work, and a mathematical model built using the conventional D-H approach is established based on the features of the shoulder exoskeleton's design. MATLAB software is then used to evaluate the kinematic data in order to confirm the viability of the concept.