Enhanced design of pure phase greyscale diffractive optical elements by phase-retrieval-assisted multiplexing of complex functions

Shivasubramanian Gopinath; Andrei Bleahu; Tauno Kahro; Aravind Simon John Francis Rajeswary; Ravi Kumar; Kaupo Kukli; Aile Tamm; Joseph Rosen; Vijayakumar Anand

doi:10.1117/12.2665170

31 May 2023 Enhanced design of pure phase greyscale diffractive optical elements by phase-retrieval-assisted multiplexing of complex functions

Shivasubramanian Gopinath, Andrei Bleahu, Tauno Kahro, Aravind Simon John Francis Rajeswary, Ravi Kumar, Kaupo Kukli, Aile Tamm, Joseph Rosen, Vijayakumar Anand

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 12574, Holography: Advances and Modern Trends VIII; 1257404 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2665170
Event: SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, 2023, Prague, Czech Republic

Abstract

Designing a pure phase multifunctional diffractive optical element (M-DOE) is a challenging task, as the regular summation of multiple pure phase functions results in a complex function. One of the widely used multiplexing methods to design a pure phase M-DOE is the random multiplexing method. In this method, different pure phase functions are multiplied to mutually exclusive binary random functions before summation. However, M-DOEs designed using the random multiplexing method are prone to scattering noise. In this study, a novel approach based on a modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm (GSA) has been proposed and demonstrated for the design of pure-phase multifunctional DOEs. In this approach, the complex M-DOE obtained by regular summation is used as a reference, and with suitable constraints, the amplitude component of the complex M-DOE is transported into the phase component, resulting in a pure phase MDOE. This modified algorithm is called Transport of Amplitude into Phase based on GSA (TAP-GSA). This method has been demonstrated on a well-established incoherent digital holography technique called Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH). In FINCH, it is necessary to multiplex two-phase masks, which can be achieved using random multiplexing or polarization multiplexing, resulting in reconstruction noise and low light throughput, respectively. Under low-light conditions, random multiplexing is a better choice than the polarization multiplexing method. The M-DOE designed using TAP-GSA for FINCH improved the light throughput and exhibited a higher SNR in comparison to the random multiplexing method.

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Shivasubramanian Gopinath, Andrei Bleahu, Tauno Kahro, Aravind Simon John Francis Rajeswary, Ravi Kumar, Kaupo Kukli, Aile Tamm, Joseph Rosen, and Vijayakumar Anand "Enhanced design of pure phase greyscale diffractive optical elements by phase-retrieval-assisted multiplexing of complex functions", Proc. SPIE 12574, Holography: Advances and Modern Trends VIII, 1257404 (31 May 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2665170

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KEYWORDS

Multiplexing

Holograms

3D image reconstruction

Diffractive optical elements

Sensors

Spatial light modulators

Phase shifts

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