This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 12775, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee information.

Mode trimming of suitable dispersion in a high-Q microresonator is of vital importance for lots of photonic applications ranging from Kerr soliton comb generation, single-frequency lasing to nonlinear frequency conversion. However, almost all the dispersion engineering and mode trimming cannot be tuned once the resonator structure is made. To overcome this difficulty, weak perturbation was introduced into a circular lithium niobate (LN) microdisk for the formation of polygon modes by a coupled tapered fiber. Various polygon modes with different spatial field distributions and star mode can be formed by tuning the pump wavelength and the coupling position. Thanks to the small spatial modal overlap between the polygon modes and the whispering gallery modes (WGMs), densely distributed WGM families were avoided to be excited under polygon-mode optical pump. Therefore, single-frequency/dual-wavelength microlasers have been demonstrated with narrow linewidths in weakly-perturbed erbium-doped LN microdisks, and Kerr soliton microcomb has been generated in the telecom band in a normal-dispersion LN microdisk by mode trimming through the excitation of the anomalous-dispersion polygon modes.

We present the theory of the power threshold of nonlinear effects in a cylindrical microresonator with a small effective radius variation. We demonstrate the fundamental dependence of decrements on the taper position along z. This feature makes it possible to achieve critical coupling without ultra-precise control of the distance between the microresonator and the taper. The power optimization performed in this way allows us to reduce the nonlinear threshold from tens of watts to hundreds of milliwatts.

Harmonic mode-locked fiber lasers provide generation of the ultrashort pulse train with high repetition rates up to gigahertz scale. However, setting appropriate parameters for the laser cavity to reach a harmonic mode-locked regime is often a non-trivial task. Depending on the dynamic of adjustment of the cavity elements one may reach unstable, multipulsing or harmonic mode-locked regimes at the same end-point parameters. Here, we demonstrate the state-of-theart fiber mode-locked laser assisted with reinforcement Soft Actor-Critic algorithm that is capable of learning a dynamic strategy of adjusting cavity parameters to maximize the order of harmonic mode-locked regime. Control of the pumping power and nonlinear transmission function of the state-of-the-art single walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber allows reaching a stable harmonic mode-locked regime.

We generate quantum correlated photon-pairs at 1550 nm telecom band via pulse-pumped spontaneous four-wave mixing in high-index doped silica glass (HDSG) waveguides. The input and output ports of the 30-cm-long on-chip HDSG spiral waveguide are coupled to standard polarization maintaining fibers, which brings convenience to mode excitation and photon-pair collection. The flattened group velocity dispersion of the TE mode in the spiral waveguide is about 39 ps/km/nm at 1550 nm. When pumping around 1550 nm, the wavelength range of the generated signal (idler) photons can be more than 20 nm. Experimental results show that, in room temperature, the measured coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) is about 200 when the photon-pair production rate is about 2×10^-5 pairs/pulse, and the main noise origin of the photon pair source is spontaneous Raman scattering. Our investigations show that the HDSG waveguide, which can be fabricated using CMOS compatible technologies, is a promising candidate for developing miniaturized quantum light sources.

We study nonlinear wave dynamics in coherently driven cavities with a parabolic potential. Different states including high-order solitons, high-order breathers, and chaoticons are characterized in terms of a phase diagram.

Linear and non-linear propagation of ultrashort pulses in a seven-core fiber was investigated experimentally and numerically in a normal dispersion regime. We observed non-uniform coupling conditions between different cores that may be the result of a random refractive index deviation. It was characterized by measurements of the power distribution and FROG traces at the output of a multicore fiber. The cores were excited by a spatial light modulator using the weighted Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm to generate phase masks. It allows us to switch-on any combination without manual alignment of the experimental setup. Finally, as the input power increased, a nonlinear coupling was observed between the selected cores, similar to a saturable absorber. So we believe that such a device could be useful for a development of high-power ultrashort fiber lasers and pulse shaping applications.

The generation of counter-propagating photon pairs via out-of-plane pumping is demonstrated in InGaP waveguides molecularly bonded to wet thermal oxide. A generation rate of (5.1 ± 1.2) 10² pairs/s is measured with 2.6mW of pump power inside a 1mm long and 250nm thick InGaP waveguide. The pump configuration allows compensation of the momentum mismatch between orthogonally polarized photons propagating in opposite direction. Degenerated counter-propagating spontaneous photon pair generation is demonstrated in a 2mm long and 235nm thick InGaP waveguide within the 1400 to 1600nm window via photon-correlation measurements. A red(blue)-shift of 190(160)nm in the counter-propagating TE(TM)-like modes is measured when tilting the pump 19.5º to achieve degenerated generation of photon pairs at 1600nm. An increase of the pair generation rate to (1.7 ± 0.4) 10³ pairs/s at 1550nm, attributed to a larger overlap between the interacting fields has been observed when tilting the pump 18.9º. The fabrication process including heterogeneous integration of 200 to 250nm thick and 1 to 2mm long doubly inverse tapered waveguides on SiO2 and thermally oxidized Silicon substrates via native oxide molecular bonding is presented.

Wavelength-tunable femtosecond light sources are essential in various research fields and technologies, including medical diagnostics, biophotonics, and metrology. Although fiber lasers have emerged as leaders in the development of such sources, achieving wide spectral tunability for femtosecond pulses remains a significant challenge. To address this challenge, dispersive wave generation offers a powerful solution. In this study, we exploit the concept of quasi-phase matching to enable multi-order dispersive wave formation with unprecedented spectral tunability and femtosecond durations. Here, liquid-core fibers (LCFs) with periodically controlled dispersion of a higher-order mode along the fiber are applied, achieved by axial modulation of the liquid core diameter, relying on the strong dependence of dispersion on the core diameter. Nonlinear optical experiments and simulations, as well as phase-mismatching considerations based on an effective dispersion, confirm the conversion process and reveal unique emission features This resonance-empowered approach provides a versatile photonic platform with unique dispersion control capabilities for efficient, coherent femtosecond multi-frequency conversion.

Wide bandgap semiconductors are widely used in photonic technologies due to their important features, such as large optical windows, fewer energy losses, and fast operational capacity. Next-generation devices require extensive investigation to achieve the desired stability and scalability. Silicon carbide (SiC) is a wide bandgap semiconductor with high optical nonlinearities, large electron transport, and a high breakdown threshold. Integration of SiC in nonlinear photonics requires a systematic analysis of the multiphoton contribution to the device functionality. Here, multiphoton absorption in SiC photodetector is investigated using phase-modulated femtosecond pulses. Quantification of multiphoton absorption is achieved by using a 1030nm phase-modulated pulsed laser. Our measurements show that although the bandgap is less than the energy of three photons combined, four-photon absorption (4PA) contributes to the photocurrent. We interpret 4PA as a phonon-assisted indirect transition from the valance band Γ point to the L point in the conduction band. Moreover, it is found that SiC withstands high excitation intensities, which is suitable for high-power applications.

Light propagation in media with absorption and amplification of optical radiation is in the focus of numerous studies. In such active periodic structures with quadratic nonlinearity, under certain conditions, the formation of two-color solitons is possible. Recently, based on four coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, we numerically investigated the impact of the incident beam width on reflection/propagation properties of active periodic structures under strong Bragg coupling at the fundamental frequency and the weak one at the doubled frequency. We demonstrated the solitons trapping only for wide beams. In the present report, we focus on Bragg coupling at doubled frequency. We study the reflection properties of active PT-symmetry periodic structures with quadratic nonlinearity and the formation of trapped soliton in such structures, taking into account the strong Bragg coupling at both the fundamental and the second harmonics.

We study a possibility spatiotemporal optical vortices propagating in a structure consisting of two connected waveguides with quadratic nonlinearity. The system under study is a planar nonlinear crystal whose refractive index in cross-section has two maxima corresponding to two waveguides. In this case, the electromagnetic field can penetrate between the waveguides, and due to that a communication between waveguides is realized. We focus on the study of the propagation dynamics of spatiotemporal optical vortices in such a system varying the distance between waveguides, the initial time shift between beams, and the initial phase shift between them.

The throughput of error correction is one of the main bottlenecks of high-speed continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) post-processing, which directly restricts the practical secret key rates (SKR). Implementing the decoder of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes based on FPGA in limited precision can improve the decoding throughput significantly. In this paper, a high-throughput decoder architecture with limited precision for quasi-cyclic LDPC (QC-LDPC) codes is proposed. In particular, decoding of two typical LDPC codes, with code rates 0.2 and 0.1, for CV-QKD have been implemented on a commercial FPGA. The clock operates at 100 MHZ and the throughput of 1.44 Gbps and 0.78 Gbps is achieved, respectively, which can support 71.89 Mbps and 9.97 Mbps real-time SKR under transmission distance of 25 km and 50 km, respectively. The proposed architecture paves the way for high-rate real-time CV-QKD deployment in secure metropolitan area network.

For a high-speed and secure continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system, privacy amplification (PA) plays an important role. To reduce the finite size effect, the input length of PA should be at least on the order of 10^8, 10^9, 10^10 when the transmission distance is about 50km, 80km, 100km, respectively. This leads to high computation complexity and large storage demand of the data, which is unfriendly to field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation for its limited resource. In addition, the limited IO speed of Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDR SDRAM) restricts the implementation performance of PA. In this paper, we propose an effective way to access data based on DDR to improve the performance of PA. As a result, the reading time from DDR can be reduced, and it can eliminate the effect of the limited IO speed of DDR, so that PA can perform with multiple code-words. This can make full use of the resource of FPGA and increase the execution speed of PA. Besides, combining with the proposed method, an easier algorithm is used to decrease the complexity of calculations. Based on these methods, we realize PA with Toeplitz matrix based on FPGA and the experimental throughput is about 288Mbps when the input length is about 100Mbits.

The source noise in plug-and-play continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system plays a crucial role in determining the secret key rate and transmission distance. In general, the source noise is considered untrusted and fully controlled by Eve, which is because the laser travels through the unsecure channel before being modulated. However, this may overestimate the key information stolen by Eve leading to an underestimation of the key rate share between the legal communication parties. Here, we use a beam-splitter with signal attenuation to model the source noise combined with source monitoring scheme to characterize the source imperfection in the plug-and-play CV-QKD system. We show that the performance of the plug-and-play CV-QKD can be significantly improved under the above scheme compared to the untrusted source model. Our numerical simulation results also show that the plug-and-play CV-QKD with source monitoring has a key generation rate close to that of a trusted source under the same simulation parameters.

In this article, we propose a pilot alternately assisted scheme of orthogonal dual-polarization and time multiplexing for the local local oscillator continuous-variable quantum key distribution (LLO CV-QKD). Our scheme utilizes time multiplexing and dual-polarization multiplexing techniques to dramatically isolate the quantum signal from the pilot light. To analyze the influence mechanism of time-domain diffusion and polarization perturbation on the key parameters, such as the channel transmittance and excess noise, of the studied system, a general LLO excess noise model based on polarization extinction ratio (PER) and time-domain pulse extinction ratio (TER) is established. We mainly focus on the photon-leakage noise from the reference path to the quantum signal path, which is first analyzed in the dual polarization LLO regime. Furthermore, we conduct a series of simulations to verify the proposed dual polarization and time multiplexing model. Results show that it maintains a low level of excess noise and a secure key rate (SKR) of 10.25 Mbps@25km can be obtained under the finite-size effect. We achieved 0.93Mbps@25km SKR under a relatively low PER of 17 dB in the nanosecond level pulse width. Our work greatly extends the application scenarios of the dual-polarization division multiplexing CV-QKD system and provides a theoretical and representative framework for the study of improving the performance of the dual-polarization CV-QKD system.

In order to study the sensing performance of tellurite fiber based on FWM, a new tellurite photonic crystal fiber was designed a refractive index (RI) sensor. The simulation results show that the RI sensitivity of the sensor can be as high as 1826.8nm /RIU at a pumping wavelength of 1500 nm, and the linearity is as high as 99.9%.

In this paper, a multi-carrier Gaussian modulated continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) scheme has been proposed based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for distributing multiplexing independent secret keys encoded on N subcarriers within a single fiber channel. However, the performance of the system will be significantly influenced by the extra modulation noise in the multi-carrier quantum state preparation. Therefore, a modulation noise model is analyzed in more compact for multi-carrier Gaussian modulated CV-QKD system. Specifically, the gain imbalance and quadrature skew in IQ modulation and the third-order intermodulation effect in N subcarrier modulation are systematically analyzed in the OFDM-based multi-carrier CV-QKD with Gaussian modulation. That is, the IQ imbalance noise and the intermodulation noise are modeled as the modulation noise of the multi-carrier Gaussian modulated CV-QKD system. Moreover, the secure performances of the multi-carrier Gaussian modulated CVQKD are evaluated based on the proposed modulation noise model. Besides, the simulation results show the SKRs are greatly increased by N independent quantum state preparation, which indicates that the multi-carrier CV-QKD system gets rid of the asymptotic SKR limit of single-carrier CV-QKD system for future high-rate CV-QKD deployment in broadband access network.

In this work, we demonstrate a single-walled carbon nanotubes-based wavelength multiplexed fiber laser, which generates dual-comb pulse in the train of soliton rain. The fiber laser cavity is manipulated in repetition frequency of 16.58 MHz, 3 dB spectral bandwidth of 8.4 nm. Two asynchronous pulses constitute the soliton rain pulse sequences, which the intensity difference is about 5.72 dB between the dual frequencies. A piece of graded-index multi-mode fiber as a filter based on the multi-mode interference effect is introduced into cavity to improving the signal to noise ratio to ~62 dB, and locate the central wavelength of the dual-comb at 1556.7 nm and 1561.5 nm. The repetition rate difference of the dual-frequency is about 169 Hz with the resolution bandwidth of 1 Hz. The time delay of the dual-frequency pulse detected by cross-correlation method is 5.78 ms, which is well matched with the results in radio frequency spectrum. Different from the stable period of the general cross-correlation signal, our experimental results show several different sub-periods due to the existence of the drifting solitons in the soliton rain sequences. Meanwhile, the number of different sub-periods in the correlation decreases from six to three as the pump power reduced from 100 mA to 97.3 mA. Our work provides a new sight into the quasi-steady multi-soliton dynamics process in fiber lasers, and will be promising solutions for interference ranging, and synchronization and timing.

The Gaussian Error, represented by random numbers with a Gaussian distribution, plays a critical role in the security of modern lattice-based cryptography. Lattice-based cryptography is the most important category of post-quantum cryptography capable of resisting attacks from both classical and quantum.While current schemes of generating Gaussian Error used in lattice cryptography face severe challenges. On the one hand, the current scheme produces an approximate Gaussian distribution rather than the rigorously proven Gaussian distribution required in lattice cryptography, posing a security risk. Meanwhile, the Gaussian Error of current schemes is obtained by using algorithms to compute uniformly distributed random numbers, which lack provable randomness and also pose security risks. On the other hand, the generation rate of Gaussian Error is not high enough for many applications of cryptographic systems in current schemes. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel scheme that uses a quantum random number generator(QRNG) to generate the Gaussian Error, which follows a theoretically proven Gaussian distribution and satisfies rigorous security justification in lattice cryptography. Furthermore, based on the quantum mechanical process of measuring vacuum fluctuations and the principle of minimum entropy under classical noise conditions, the Gaussian Error obtained by our scheme is theoretically unpredictable, further enhancing the security of lattice cryptography compared to the current schemes. Finally, an experiment for generating Gaussian Error was constructed, and our experimental results demonstrate that the Gaussian Error generation rate is 1 G/s, which achieves higher speed among existing works.

To overcome the limitation of low spectral broadening efficiency in the normal group-velocity dispersion (GVD) regime, utilizing a multi-pulse pump source induces nonlinear effects between pulses, leading to the generation of new frequency components at extended wavelength, thus expanding the spectral range. In the process of single-pulse pumped supercontinuum generating, the evolution of non-frequency shift components of pulse tail plays a crucial role. In the case of multi-pulse pumping, the overlap of pulses makes the interaction between non-frequency shift and frequency shift components more complex. In this work, a numerical model for multi-pulse pump supercontinuum generation based on the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (GNLSE) is established. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta in the interaction picture method (RK4IP) is employed to analyze the evolution of inter-pulse non-frequency shift components of multiple pulses during their transmission in the normal GVD regime. The results demonstrate that as the transmission distance increases, the non-frequency shift components at the edges of the pulse group exhibit an asymmetric evolution trend; the ones between the pulses undergo a transition from asymmetric to symmetric evolution, and this transition is significantly accelerated when the time interval between incident pulses shortens. The frequency components at the front and rear edges of the pulse group are primarily influenced by Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM) and Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), but the asymmetric evolution is mainly caused by SRS. While third-order dispersion (TOD) can lead to asymmetrical spectral broadening, its impact on the tail non-frequency shift components is relatively minor.

This study explores a Rb CPT atomic clock using two counter-propagating waves with orthogonal circular polarisation. By suppressing the optical pumping effect, the clock demonstrates substantial (several times) improvement in CPT contrast compared to the conventional single circularly polarised wave configuration. The use of two counter-propagating beams also allows for positive interference between two photon transitions excited by anti-parallel waves. A double-pass optical layout improves short-term stability by 1.5 times, achieving a result of 4.5×10^–11 over 1 second using a 5-mm long optical cell.

The efficient unidirectional routing of photonic qubits is significant in the fields of both classical and quantum information processing. However, the photonic qubit router is still elusive due to the simultaneous requirements for high fidelity, precise directionality, and high isolation ratio. Here, we introduce a method to achieve non-Hermitian unidirectional routing of photonic qubits. Our method leverages tunable incoherent dissipative channels connecting traveling photonic qubits with localized atomic systems. Through dynamic control of both coherent and incoherent channels via manipulation of the control field’s helicity, we clarify the transition from nondirectional to unidirectional routing. The experimental results showcase the qubit fidelity exceeding 97.49% and the isolation ratio surpassing 14dB. This method not only enables the establishment of extensive quantum networks but also serves as a pivotal component in chiral topological photonics, chiral networks, and unidirectional quantum information transfer.

In present paper we employ numerical simulation, based on solution of system of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, for demonstration of the possibility of ultra-narrow spectral generation in a Raman fiber laser with randomly distributed feedback. Line spectrum formation is caused by weak optical feedback due to Rayleigh backscattering if its impact overweighs the effects of nonlinear interactions. This can be observed either near the generation threshold, where generation power is low, or well above the threshold in case of artificially lowered nonlinear coefficient. Our simulation agrees well with previous experimental observations of ultra-narrow spectral modes in random fiber laser.

We present a new design of a random Raman fiber laser that allows to generate narrow spectral peaks with a high rate, based on a multimode gradient fiber as a media composing the cavity. The proposed scheme is simple for implementation and analysis. We carry out spectral measurements using optical heterodyning technique by projecting multimode radiation onto the fundamental mode of a standard single-mode fiber. The measurements confirmed the presence of localized ultra-narrow short-lived modes. Compared with single-mode fiber based random Raman lasers, the number of localized modes observed per unit time in a given spectral range is significantly higher.

In the momentum space of bound states in the continuum (BIC), vortex configurations around the Γ-point are generated by the selection rules. The electric field distribution close to the BIC satisfies twofold rotational symmetry (C₂). Since the periodic structure of 2D photonic crystals (PhCs) supports the generation of odd harmonics, this characteristic provides an attractive approach for generating high-harmonic optical vortex (OV) beams with both left and right handedness. Also, the topological charge of OV beams generated by C_4v-symmetric PhCs can be further improved by an increase of structural symmetry. Moreover, since the nonlinear conversion efficiency of directly used PhCs is low, their practicability is limited. Here, a hexagonal arrangement of C_6v-symmetric 2D PhCs slab is selected. Through energy band selection, higher order fundamental and nonlinear OV beams can be generated, which can not only cover the topological charge of the C_4v-symmetric structure, but also generate more abundant topological charge. In addition, we improve the third-order nonlinear conversion efficiency by the mirror approach, which is 22 times greater than with the direct use of PhCs. This method can improve the channel capacity of OV generators based on BICs and make them more practical.

Random numbers play an important role in many fields, such as computation, simulation and cryptography. The randomness inherent in quantum mechanics is a perfect source of entropy for a true random number generator. Nevertheless, many QRNG schemes require post-processing work to ensure randomness. On the other hand, the bit number of the QRNG is limited, which hamper its further applications. Here, we demonstrate a novel 5-bit all free space optical quantum random number generator based on a time-division-multiplexed degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO), which does not need a complicated experimental environment and tedious post-processing work. By inserting a multi-pass cell into the optical parametric oscillator, the equivalent cavity length is calculated to be as long as 15 m, which corresponds to fifth of the separation times of pump pulses. As a result, 5 identical DOPO pulses are generated simultaneously. The randomness comes from phase responses of degenerate OPOs. Under threshold, the photons produced by optical parametric down conversion have random initial phase, while above threshold, stable oscillations occurs in one of the two possible phase states. Random number is reliably verified by measuring the relative phase states between DOPO output pulses and the original pump pulse using a fast response photodiode. All spatial structures have the advantages of higher stability and are less sensitive to temperature fluctuation. The bit number can be readily multiplied by increasing the cavity length of DOPO or the repetition rate of the pump laser source.

Recently saturation effects in nonlinear processes have attracted attention of scientific community for both fundamental research and application. However, accurate determination of the emergence of saturation is still challenging, especially when multiple orders of absorption get involved. Here we present a simple method to characterize saturation absorption using phase-modulated femtosecond lasers. Second harmonic generation and photocurrents are measured for GaP photodetector. For high incident intensity, higher order modulation signals emerge and exhibit much stronger intensity dependence. We found that the higher order modulation signal could serve as a sensitive probe for saturation absorption. The investigation could be useful in fabricating ultrafast switches and multiphoton microscopy.

Cavity quantum electrodynamics is the intersection of quantum physics and microcavity optics research. In this paper, we presented a two-mode cavity coupled to a classical field driven by N three-level atoms to prepare entangled coherent states based on cavity QED. In this scheme, we adopt the interaction between the three-level atoms and the two-mode optical cavity, The initial state of one optical field is an odd-even coherent state, while the initial state of another optical field is a coherent state. After considering the time evolution of the initial states with the system, we obtained the specific form of the time evolution of the quantum states and prepared the entangled coherent state successfully. We discussed and analysed some of the nonclassical properties of the optical field and quantum states, including the second-order correlation function and the Wigner function. The results show that when calculating the second-order correlation function, the photons are found to exhibit a sub-Poisson distribution at some points in time. In addition, when observing the Wigner function of the quantum states evolving with time, it is found that there is a negative part of the Wigner distribution at some moments, which implies that the quantum state exhibits nonclassical properties at these certain moments.

We demonstrate monolithically integrated on-chip single-frequency micro-disk lasers coupled with bus-waveguides fabricated on active lithium niobate platform by photolithography assisted chemo-mechanical etching. Benefiting from the high-Q factors, long cavity lengths of 1 mm for high absorption of pump light, and the elegant control on the modes formed within the large microdisk by breaking the centrosymmetry of the microdisk cavities, a microdisk laser with a narrow linewidth of 0.11MHz and a maximum output power of 62.1uW has been achieved at room temperature. Moreover, soliton optical frequency generation has been observed from square modes in weakly perturbed pure lithium niobate microdisks with a diameter of ~125um, a thickness of about 860nm and a wedge angle of 21 degrees. The solition optical frequency comb covered a bandwidth from 1450nm to 1650nm when pumped at 1542nm wavelength, suffering from the mode crossing of the dense whispering gallery modes.

We propose a method based on vortex beams, which carries optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) to achieve spatial separation of coherent signal light and incoherent noise light and conducted experiments to evaluate the effect. Based on the experimental results, we established the relationship between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and topological charge number, signal channel size, and then optimized the relevant parameters. We built a LIDAR system for underwater detection to verify the practical effectiveness of the method. The experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in the SNR for underwater detection.

Previous research demonstrated that two-soliton interactions can lead to nonreciprocal soliton amplification, a mechanism that can accumulate energy for rogue wave formation as soliton interactions increase. The question arises whether three or more soliton collisions can lead to amplification or chaotic behavior, akin to the three-body problem in particle physics. Through experiments and simulations using a photorefractive potassium-lithium-tantalate-niobate (KTN:Li) crystal, our study explores multiple soliton collisions with strong nonreciprocal energy exchange. Chaotic dynamics and intense wave formation are observed after a collinear three-soliton collision. However, when an additional dimension without broken inversion symmetry is introduced, the solitons consistently fuse into an intense wave instead of exhibiting chaos. This insight highlights the role of dimensionality and nonreciprocal energy exchange in determining soliton behavior and rogue wave formation. The study underscores the analogy between solitons and particles, linking chaotic behavior in three-body physics to the emergence of rogue waves.