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In order to explore the location and sizing problem of electric vehicle charging stations, this paper comprehensively considers the impact of different land types on user travel and charging station construction costs, and establishes an electric vehicle charging station location and sizing model based on charging demand forecasting. This paper first analyzes the travel behavior characteristics of electric vehicles, including travel time, travel destination, parking time, and travel times, and builds an electric vehicle travel chain based on this. Second, we use the Monte Carlo method to calculate the electric vehicle's position and state of charge. At the same time, considering the user's power anxiety coefficient, we judge the charging behavior of electric vehicles and obtain the spatial and temporal distribution of electric vehicle charging demand. Then we consider the impact of land type on the construction cost of electric vehicle charging stations and use the queuing theory to analyze the queuing system of charging stations. We establish an electric vehicle charging station location and capacity model with the goal of minimizing social costs, using the genetic algorithm to solve. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed planning method through case analysis. The results show that construction and operation costs will continue to rise with the increase in the number of charging stations. In contrast, the time cost of electric vehicle users will continue to decline. The charging station location and capacity determination method proposed in this paper can effectively balance the interests of both charging station construction operators and electric vehicle users. In the planning process of charging stations, it is worth considering the impact of land types on user travel and construction costs. Building charging stations in residential and industrial areas close to commercial or leisure areas is valid to reduce total costs.
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