This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 12883, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee information.

Transition metal complexes are utilized in a broad array of applications such as photoredox catalysis, photodynamic therapy, biological sensing, and as phosphors for organic light-emitting diodes. Furthermore, many transition metals complexes demonstrate two photon absorption and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) characteristics increasing their applications as non-linear optical materials. Iridium is of particular interest to our work because of its strong spin-orbit coupling, which allows for multiple excited states, thereby increasing the compound’s ability to absorb light over a broad spectrum. This work describes the synthesis of a series of triphenylamine and methoxy functionalized 2-phenylbenzo[d]thiazole (pbt) ligands to explore the effects on the photophysical properties of the synthesized Ir(III) cyclometalated chromophores and evaluate their potential application as RSA materials.

This research focuses on integrating supramolecular chemistry and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) principles, focusing on combining pillar[5]arene frameworks with metal-complexed ligands. By delving into these systems' theoretical underpinnings and potential applications, we shed light on the synergistic effects that may arise from this innovative approach. We envision promising advancements in photonic and electronic materials by combining the unique structural properties of pillar[5]arenes with the RSA properties of metal-complexed ligands. Although specific proprietary details are not discussed, this work may pave the way for further exploration in this exciting and interdisciplinary field.

This exploratory work will present a novel approach to rationally control the properties and reactivity of Lanthanide Enriched Arrays of Brochosomes series complexes via the utilization of a multidentate β-diketonate chelating ligand scaffold. Detailed synthesis and characterization of these multidentate β-diketonate-lanthanide metal complexes will be discussed, including multi-modal spectral analysis (absorbance/emission), Scanning electron microscopy based-and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) based-studies to gain vital information on their electronic and molecular-based structural properties. The improved thermal stability, emission intensities, and other photophysical properties of spectral bands due to the grafted antenna effect will be explored. In addition, radiometric measurements and remote sensing capabilities will be evaluated and discussed. This research will provide a strong foundation for a wide range of applications in bioimaging, medicine, material development, asset tagging, signaling, communications, and future smart materials for altering electromagnetic signatures to protect critical Army assets.

Coaxial- and counter-optical setups for laser ultrasonics using a photorefractive liquid crystal were fabricated. In laser ultrasonics, an object is irradiated with a laser pulse to create an ultrasonic vibration, and then another laser beam is used to detect the vibration. The phase of the laser beam reflected from the object is shifted by the ultrasonic vibration. By using liquid crystals with photorefractive properties, the resulting phase shift of the laser beam reflected from the material can be detected. Compared to traditional laser ultrasonic methods, this system offers a simpler optical setup and allows for more accurate measurements that are not affected by environmental vibrations.

Micro-LED, known for its excellent performance in terms of color, contrast, resolution, response time, lifespan, and energy consumption, is considered the indispensable display technology for the next generation, particularly in the field of augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) displays. However, the further development of AR/VR still faces challenges in maintaining high image quality and relying excessively on the mass transfer technique to manufacture micro-LED screens, which results in increased costs and time consumption. To address these two significant challenges, we propose the following solutions. Firstly, we employ well-developed photolithography techniques to fabricate color conversion microarrays. This method allows for the simultaneous fabrication of millions or even tens of millions of pixels in a single process with a high yield. Under blue light illumination, it can accurately display the three primary colors. Importantly, this approach enables the creation of any desired pixel geometry simply by modifying the photomask design. Secondly, for pixel miniaturization, we simultaneously reduce the aspect ratio of the pixels. This approach realizes a more robust pixel structure, minimizing color crosstalk and improving the scalability of the display. To further optimize the effect of reducing the aspect ratio of the pixels, we introduce a nanomaterial, zinc oxide (ZnO), which exhibits a thermal conductivity four times higher than that of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles. By incorporating ZnO, we can increase the efficiency of color conversion, enhance the emitted light brightness, reduce blue light leakage, and improve the heat resistance of the color conversion microarrays, ultimately achieving exceptionally high display quality.

This study is dedicated to prolonging the lifetime of OLEDs, and discussing the factors that affect the lifetime of OLEDs, including: the ITO surface roughness, the cleanliness of the ITO substrate, and the cleanliness inside the vacuum chamber. According to the AFM measurement, it is found that there are some spikes on the ITO surface on glass substrate, which will cause the burnt phenomenon of the encapsulated OLED, resulting in the failure of good reproducibility and lifetime. Therefore, a PEDOT:PSS layer is employed and first spin-coated on ITO, where the surface roughness Ra value is reduced from 3.31 to 1.58 nm. Then the OLED is fabricated on PEDOT:PSS layer to solve the problem of burning when lighting up. Thus its lifetime was prolonged. The ozone gas can effectively decompose the lipids harmful to organic materials released by the heat-resistant tape and vacuum glue inside the vacuum chamber for thermal evaporation. Therefore, this study uses ozone to clean the vacuum chamber, and then proceed to fabricate OLED devices to improve the efficiency and lifetime of OLEDs. Compared with the processes without using ozone to clean the chamber, it is found that the OLEDs fabricated in ozone-cleaned chamber, whether encapsulated with glass or not, had a relatively longer lifetime. The lifetime of OLED without glass encapsulation is extended from 9.9 to 34.3 min, and that of OLED with encapsulation is extended from 34.4 to 404.7 min. With ozone cleaned chamber, the OLED lifetime obtains much improvement.

In this study, we report on the optical properties of a photochromic thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-embedded in polymer in the visible and near infrared spectral range determined using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The dielectric functions for the yellow (TTz²⁺) and blue (TTz⁰) states were extracted from a numerical wavelength-by-wavelength inversion of the experimental data. The extracted dielectric functions are in good agreement with a Kramers-Kronig consistent B-spline-based model analysis of the experimental data. The thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-embedded polymer exhibits several strong absorption bands from the visible to the near infrared spectral range depending upon their redox states.

Perovskite materials hold promise for photovoltaic use due to their high efficiency, low cost, and versatility. However, challenges remain, including stability and environmental impact, but their potential to transform solar energy is significant. Lead-based perovskites have significantly boosted power conversion efficiency in photovoltaics, going from 3.8% to 33.3% in recent years. Lead-based perovskite materials have toxicity and stability issues, including sensitivity to light, heat, and moisture. Researchers are working on addressing these concerns, but they remain challenges for the technology. Therefore, the ongoing research focused on synthesizing lead-free perovskite materials for solar cells applications. We have synthesized MA₂NaBiCl₆ lead-free halide double perovskites material using one step cost effective hydrothermal method showing suitable tolerance and octahedral factors which signifies the stability of the material. We have fabricated the solar cell device based on as synthesized MA2NaBiCl6 as absorbing layer and Cu₂O and ZnO as electron and hole transport layer respectively in the fabricated device. We have made contact of gold for good adhesion and characterize the solar cell device. The short circuit current density (J_SC), open circuit voltage (V_OC), fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell device is found to be 4.01 mA/cm², 0.97 V, 58 and 2.08% respectively. The calculated solar cell performance parameters are excellent in comparison to the reported solar cell device based on double perovskites materials which offers us a promising window for improving the sustainability of photovoltaic technology by addressing environmental and health concerns associated with lead.