Immunotherapy has become a research hotspot in the field of tumor therapy due to its significant therapeutic effects. Since the discovery of PD-1/PD-L1, this pair of immune cell receptors and ligands has rapidly become an important area of research in tumor immunity and even immunology in general. Targeted drugs against PD-1/PD-L1 have also become an essential part of immunotherapy and provided new life opportunities for countless cancer patients. This article will review the background and significance of the discovery of PD-1/PD-L1, and systematically introduce their applications and related inhibitor drugs. On the other hand, although PD-1 and PD-L1 discoveries have had a groundbreaking impact on immunology, there are still some shortcomings and uncharted territories for their related targeted drugs. This article will show some of the drawbacks of the functions of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor drugs and future views of PD-1/PD-L1 related immune suppression treatments, in order to further understand its mechanism and provide new ideas for clinical treatment of malignant tumors.
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