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Human papillomavirus (HPV) belongs to the genus Papilloma vacuolar virus of the family Lactomaviridae, which is a circular double-stranded DNA that can cause proliferative lesions of human skin and mucous membranes. According to GLOBOCAN, cervical cancer has become a global public health problem, with the number of cervical cancer cases worldwide increasing to 604,000 in 2018 from about 569,000 in 2018 to 604,000 in 2020 and 342,000 deaths. Cervical cancer is the second most frequent tumor in women and has the fourth highest incidence and mortality rate of all cancers in females worldwide. Up to now, HPV vaccine is still the only vaccine recognized in the world to prevent cancer, and the prevention effect is significant and safe. The boil vaccine is used to treat chronic infection, prevent tumorigenesis, and treat to control tumor development or root tumor, and prevent recurrence. At present, there are no clinical measures to cure chronic infection of HPV, and the chemotherapy and surgical treatment for intermediate and advanced cervical cancer are not satisfactory, and the recurrence rate is high and the cost is high. Therefore, for these patients, immunotherapy may be a practical and potentially curative method. That is to say, the use of specific immunization, that is, vaccination methods to treat HPV persistent infection and the precancerous or malignant lesions caused by it, especially in developing countries, is a cost-effective way. This paper details the research status of HPV therapeutic vaccines.
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