This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 12985, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Conference Committee and Introduction information.

The developed method of optimal design of flexible optical networks takes into account various factors and goals to ensure efficient use of resources, high performance, scalability, and adaptability. A mathematical model is developed to determine the key parameters of the fiber optic linear network route. The topology of the route of a fiber-optic linear network based on the proposed matrix model is proposed. An algorithm for using the matrix model of parameters based on the proposed variant of the fiber-optic linear network route is developed. The application of a systematic approach using the proposed method will allow network designers to achieve optimal design of flexible optical networks that efficiently use resources, provide high performance, as well as scalability and adaptability necessary for future growth and technological progress.

This paper describes an approach to solving the problem of fast pattern recognition with image co-ordinate detection and measurement under undefined noise and signal conditions. An analysis of the use of the W-transform method as a basis for image comparison algorithms was carried out. Image comparison algorithms with noise robustness were developed.

The article examines the analysis of the multistage process of correlation interactions in parallel-hierarchical structures for organization of neuro-like calculations. The process of formation of parallel-hierarchical network is considered in detail. The graph-scheme of PH transformation is given. The process of elements formation for five levels of the network is analyzed. It was determined which elements are correlated and decorrelated in time. Based on the analysis, a structural-functional model of correlation interactions of parallel-hierarchical network elements was developed.

An self-oscillating parametric optical transducer based on a quantum double-barrier heterostructure is proposed, the basic element of which is a tunnel-resonant diode, and it acts as a primary optical transducer and as an selfoscillating, which greatly simplifies the design of the optical transducer. Based on the consideration of physical processes in the tunnel-resonant diode, a mathematical model of the optical transducer was developed, on the basis of which the parametric dependence of the conversion and sensitivity functions was obtained. It is shown that the main contribution to the change of transformation functions and sensitivity is introduced by a change in optical power. This causes a change in the negative differential resistance of the oscillating system of the self-oscillating of the transducer, which, in turn, changes the output frequency of the device. At the same time, the internal capacitance and inductance also depend on the action of the optical power, but these changes do not affect the output frequency, since the external capacitance and inductance are four orders of magnitude greater than the internal capacitance and inductance of the tunnel-resonant diode. The sensitivity of the optical transducer varies from 15.27 kHz/μW/cm² to 16.37 kHz/μW/cm² in the measuring power range from 0 to 100 μW/cm².

This paper studies the feasibility of reciprocating motion of non-contact control implants (small permanent magnets) by simulating a magnetic stereotaxic system using COMSOL software. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. When the large permanent magnet (LPM) on one side is approached, it will attract the small permanent magnet (SPM) to move towards the barrel wall, and when it leaves, the small permanent magnet stays at the barrel wall. At this time, the large permanent magnet on the other side begins to approach. When a certain distance is reached, the small permanent magnet is attracted by it, moves from one side of the barrel wall to the other side, and stays on the barrel wall after arrival.

One of the interesting areas of optical-electronic instrument engineering is the design of coherent optical spectrum analyzers, the principle of operation of which is based on performing the Fourier transformation by a lens. When choosing components for designing the optical system of a coherent spectrum analyzer, it is important to find a compromise between the accuracy of measurements and the cost of the device. In some cases, for example, for research at universities, it is advisable to use inexpensive blocks from household appliances and computer peripherals to create laboratory models of spectrum analyzers. In the article, inexpensive designs of optical spectrum analyzers are proposed, which ensure the acquisition of spatial-frequency spectra of images in real time. One of the variants of such structures is a nozzle for a digital camera.

This article illustrates a system for stabilizing objects in space based on integral fiber elements. The proposed system showed results commensurate with similar systems with a length of tens of kilometers of SMF-28 optical fiber, while using PANDA type optical fiber is only 200 m. In the work, a model of the system was developed and experimental studies of the response and angular velocity of the gyroscope were carried out.

In this work, possible options for constructing optical systems for analysing the dynamic signals of objects characteristic of the conditions of material processing are proposed. A feature of such systems is the use for automated process equipment. Thus, the use of analysers based on acousto-optical processes, as well as on the basis of fiber Bragg elements, has been proposed. The paper presents the main analytical dependencies for determining the current state of the object. Also, graphical dependences of the experimental results of the study using an acousto-optic system are shown, which show possible changes in the state of objects as a result of their operation.

The study aims to explore a method for identifying corresponding objects across multiple camera views, to improve the accuracy of object re-identification. We analyzed various techniques, including contour detection, region of interest extraction, and keypoint extraction. We also examined the challenges of finding object correspondences between multiple camera views. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we utilized two human attribute datasets, Market-1501 and DukeMTMC-reID, and performed extensive testing on these datasets.

Today, optical systems of subpixel measurements of geometric dimensions of objects, as well as 3D triangulation measurement systems, have gained wide application. This capability is achieved under the condition of obtaining sharp images of the investigated object. However, challenges arise when the object's image or a specific part of it becomes blurred or defocused, as some of its features lie outside the focal plane. The use of defocused images leads to significant measurement errors during their computer processing. The paper introduces a method based on the use of two defocused images of the research object. Through advanced computer processing, this approach enables obtaining a sharp image, extracting its contour, and acquiring its geometric parameters with subpixel precision.

In the article the combined reflectance model based on quadratic and cubic polynomials is discussed. The main characteristics of physically accurate Torrance-Sparrow, Löw models and empirical Blinn, Phong, Schlick models are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the cubic and quadratic Blinn-Phong model approximations are explored. The need in the development of new Blinn-Phong model approximation through combining the quadratic and cubic functions is justified. The cubic model is improved in order to improve the accuracy of Blinn-Phong model approximation in the attenuation zone. The formulas of the improved cubic model coefficients are simplified. The precise and approximated formulas for the calculation of connection point between quadratic and cubic functions are obtained. The productivity gain from the replacing the cubic function by the quadratic function in the glare’s epicenter zone is calculated. The absolute and relative errors of Blinn-Phong model approximation by the quadratic, cubic and the proposed model are compared. Through the visualization of the test figures “Teapot” and “Robot” the advantages of the proposed function usage for increasing the realism of glares formation are shown.

This article examines the structures of one of the types of pyramidal networks - parallel-hierarchical networks. The presented material has a dual purpose - applied and cognitive. The first one is of great importance in increasing the "intelligence" of specialized computer tools using a bionic approach. The second one opens completely new possibilities for a deeper understanding of the structure of the brain from the perspective of the cybernetic approach.

This work is the result of a study of the impact of photonic technologies on increasing productivity in agriculture. Mathematical models are presented that consider how external optical radiation affects the growth and productivity of crops. Analytical expressions are proposed for the distribution of the electromagnetic field inside a spherical grain. The model must take into account not only the characteristics of the incident field, but also the electrical and geometric characteristics of the cereal grains themselves. A model is considered when a light wave is incident on a spherical surface, the length of which is less than the size of the sphere by about three orders of magnitude. Also, based on the calculations, photonic matrices of the matrix for experiments were made. The main stages of system analysis of an automated control system for low-energy LED radiation are graphically presented.

In order to prevent surface adhesion processes between the two friction surfaces and to reduce static friction coefficients, it is proposed to treat them with laser irradiation and doping with graphene nanoplatelets. The effects of laser irradiation modes on the depth and structure of the modified surface layers were investigated. It was shown that by remelting the surface with laser radiation it is possible to obtain a metal layer with a fine microstructure and sufficiently high hardness. The doping with graphene nanoplatelets made it possible to block the uneven grain growth of the matrix phase of the coating and ensure its homogeneity. An examination of the parameters of the obtained coating after laser remelting shows their sensitivity to changes in the scanning speed of the laser beam on the surface. This makes it possible to control the properties of the surface layers.

Nowadays, speech-processing technologies with different language systems are successfully used in mobile and stationary devices. Kazakh is considered a low-resource language, which poses various challenges for conventional speech recognition methods. This paper presents a proposed model capable of multitasking and handling concurrent speech recognition, dialect identification, and speaker identification, all in an end-to-end framework. The developed multitask model enables training three different tasks within a single model. A multitask recognition system is created based on the WaveNet-CTC model. Experiments show that for the concrete task end-to-end multitask model has better performance than other models.

The article discusses the challenges of real-time data processing and analyzes various methods used to solve them, with a focus on image processing. It points out the limitations of existing methods and argues for the need to use more effective and modern technologies, proposing parallel-hierarchical networks as a promising solution. The article provides a detailed description of the structural-functional model of this type of network, which involves cyclically transforming the input data matrix using a "common part" criterion and an array evolution operator until a set of individual elements is formed. The proposed model is expected to improve real-time image recognition and can potentially be applied to other fields by using the "common part" criterion.

The object of the study is the procedure for modeling adaptive strategies for the functioning of the protective coloration of a frog (Pelophylax esculentus) using Altshuller’s innovation algorithm. Verbal modeling by means of the Altshuller’s innovation algorithm using natural language was duplicated by the use of artificial intelligence tools. The systemic aspects of the functioning of the protective coloration of animals are extremely complex. This complexity sometimes creates obstacles of a fundamental nature for their formalized description. We are talking about a formalized description by means of mathematics and computer science. This problem can be solved by using verbal modeling by means of natural language. In particular, the means that are used in the Altshuller’s innovation algorithm. With the use of these means were formulated: the ideal goal of the functioning of the leaking coloration of the animal, the contradiction that impedes the achievement of this goal, the way to resolve this contradiction. As a goal, an adaptive strategy for the functioning of the protective coloration of the animal, which ensures its camouflage and prevents its unmasking, was adopted. The achievement of this goal is hampered by the contradiction in the requirements for the diversity of the protective coloration of the animal. The approach presented in this paper to the study of adaptive strategies for the functioning of the protective coloration of animals is interesting for the development of remote (aerospace) methods for recording aquatic animals.

Diabetes can lead to a number of serious complications, in particular, diabetic retinopathy, which occurs in patients with diabetes and can lead to vision loss. In this regard, the development of an information system for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy is an important task in the medical field. Such a system can greatly facilitate the diagnostic process and help doctors detect and treat diabetic retinopathy in time. As a result of the conducted research, the urgent task of increasing the accuracy of diagnosis of fundus diseases was solved by using methods of pre-processing images to improve their informative characteristics, statistical analysis and differentiation of pathologies with the help of a decision support system based on neural network technologies. A comparative analysis of the existing methods of diagnosing diabetic retinopathy and other eye diseases was carried out, according to which it is clear that intellectual analysis and pre-processing of the received images of the fundus can significantly improve the results of diagnostics, especially early screening, which is important for preventing severe stages of the disease.

The evaluation of blood flow indicators in the elimination of nosebleeds by ligation of the external carotid artery according to angiography data is considered. It has been shown that due to the ligation of one main vessel, which leads to an increase in the perfusion rate, respectively, with a subsequent decrease in pressure on the walls of the vessels, hypotension is observed. This reduction in pressure additionally leads to easier relief of nosebleeds in the presence of relatively small erosive or destructive changes in the vessels of the nasal cavity, which are also supplied by the internal carotid artery, and not just the external one. The result obtained means that when the external carotid artery is ligated (temporarily excluded from the circulatory system), the static blood pressure on the walls in the internal carotid artery (due to a decrease in the diameter of its cross section and an increase in the linear velocity of blood flow in it at a constant blood volume flow) decreases within 3÷15%. Accurate personalized values of blood flow parameters for the model can be obtained using additional research methods, such as Doppler imaging. It is also possible to refine the model by taking into account the current pressure in the norm with parallel blood flow in two (external and internal) carotid arteries, although this refinement will be insignificant. This allows, on the basis of a simple model, to carry out planning for stopping nosebleeds, based on the data of biophysical modeling of the mechanics of blood circulation. The perspective of the work is the refinement of the model by CFD methods and the use of telemedicine services for remote consultation and planning for the relief of profuse nosebleeds. Based on the foregoing, it can be concluded that ligation of the external carotid artery in recurrent profuse nosebleeds, regardless of the systemic blood supply, has not lost its significance to date and remains relevant as a method of effectively eliminating this formidable pathological process. Key words: optical visualization blood pressure, human health, arteries, nosebleeds, model.

This section contains the results of studying the relationship between 3D distributions of the optical anisotropy parameters of self-assembled soft matter films - polycrystalline blood film networks and layer-by-layer phase maps of the module and phase of the parameters of the "two-point" (correlation) Stokes vector of a microscopic image. The values and ranges of changes in the statistical moments of the 1st to 4th orders, which characterize the layered maps of the module and phase of the Stokes vector parameters of microscopic images of blood films taken from patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate, were determined. Physically substantiated and experimentally determined the effectiveness of 3D Stokes-correlation mapping of blood film preparations in differentiating malignant conditions of prostate tissue with varying severity.

The perspective of using the photoplethysmographic method for evaluating microcirculatory changes in tissue microcirculation to study the processes that occur during photon physiotherapeutic influence in the maxillofacial region is considered. Also, this research method is relevant for determining microcirculation disorders in patients with various degrees of severity of field injuries. 2. Photon radiation has been shown to increase the elasticity of blood vessel walls, elasticity of erythrocytes, oxygen transport function of blood, activity of cell membranes, acceleration of tissue regeneration processes, reduction of lipid oxidation, normalization of blood rheological parameters, stimulation of ATP formation in mitochondria, which increases the bioenergetic potential of cells.

The results of layer-by-layer measurements of the coordinate distributions of the polarization ellipticity of laser radiation transformed by self-assembled polycrystalline soft matter films - bile films are presented. The efficiency of the method of 3D polarization mapping of polycrystalline networks in differentiating optically anisotropic films of bile from healthy donors and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-calculous cholecystitis is considered. High accuracy (90.3% ≤ Ac ≤ 93.1%) of differentiation of normal and pathological conditions was achieved.

Modern 3D scanning technologies have revolutionized various industries, including healthcare and biomedical engineering. This research explores the application of 3D scanning in the field of medicine, focusing on the representation of 3D hand data using the SIREN (Sinusoidal Representation Network) approach. 3D scanning plays a vital role in hand prosthetics, enabling the development of personalized models that accurately replicate the shape and size of real hands. This allows for the production of prostheses tailored to the specific needs of patients, facilitating their reintegration into active life. RealSense 3D cameras, developed by Intel, are among the leading technologies for 3D scanning. However, the effective utilization of implicit representation of 3D data, such as SIREN, presents challenges in ensuring compatibility with the features and limitations of existing 3D scanning technologies. This study analyses the potential of SIREN for 3D hand data representation, addressing the existing constraints and limitations. By leveraging the capabilities of RealSense cameras and the flexibility of SIREN, we aim to enhance the analysis and processing of 3D data, opening new avenues for prosthesis design.

Paper presents the possibilities of the polarization-singular approaches to increase the efficiency of differential Muellermatrix polarimetry diagnosis of histological sections of biopsy of adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the prostate with excellent balanced accuracy. Physically substantiated and experimentally determined the effectiveness of the method of 3D layered Jones-matrix mapping of preparations of polycrystalline films of blood plasma and saliva in the diagnosis of malignant conditions of prostate tissue. Physically substantiated and experimentally determined the effectiveness of the 3D method of direct and with spatial-frequency filtering of layer-by-layer polarization mapping of preparations of polycrystalline films of blood in differentiating malignant conditions of prostate tissue.

This article illustrates the method and system of polarization mapping of two-dimensional length distributions of individual Mueller-matrix images of biological layers, which are azimuthally independent with respect to the direction of their laser irradiation. The intellectual analysis of the named distributions involves the determination of their informative features as statistical and correlation moments of the 1st to 4th order, according to which their further classification is implemented on the basis of binomial logistic regression. The improved system with expanded functionality allowed to obtain an assessment of the reliability of the diagnosis of the pathology of the cervix at the level of 90% to 97.8%.