This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 13068, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee information.

A composite film containing SiO₂ nanoparticles and polyelectrolyte multilayers was fabricated for oil-water separation employing a layer-by-layer technique. The films exhibited olephilicity in the air and oleophobicity underwater. Effects of microstructure and chemical compositions on the surface wettability of the films were also investigated. The findings suggest that the fabrication of the film comprises a highly effective, facile, and easily tailorable approach, thereby highlighting its potential use in applications requiring oil-water separation efficiently.

In this paper, the influence mechanism of the existing forms of N and H in low-nitrogen-doped a-CN: H films on the microstructure and thermal stability of the films were preliminarily investigated. It provides theoretical support for further understanding the structure of diamond-like carbon films and improving the thermal stability of the films.

Photoelectric-guided munition is the main combat object of photoelectric defense, in order to effectively play the combat effectiveness of photoelectric defense, the combat process of airborne photoelectric-guided weapon is studied. Laser-guided bombs were used as typical representatives to model and simulate the process of air-to-surface strike of photoelectric-guided munitions, and a simplified ballistics model of typical optoelectronic-guided munitions was obtained. The simulation results were more consistent with the actual situation respective to existed models, and the research conclusions can provide an auxiliary decision-making basis for optoelectronic defense operations.

In this study,Using Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O and Na₂WO₄·2H₂O as precursors, nano-flower-like Bi₂WO₆ was prepared by hydrothermal method, and the crystal structure, morphology, optical properties and electrochemical properties were characterized. The experiment was conducted on the photocatalytic oxidation of biomass derivatives (glycerol). The orthogonal experiment was designed to study the influence of light time, catalyst concentration, photocurrent and other factors on the photocatalytic reaction, and explore the reaction mechanism. Qualitative analysis of the product was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and quantitative analysis of the product was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that the prepared Bi₂WO₆ were all nano-flowered structures with a band gap of 2.78eV. The glycerol conversion rate was 97.92% when the catalyst concentration was 10mg, the photocurrent intensity was 4A, and the illumination time was 24h. Active group capture experiments showed that the main active species of Bi₂WO₆ under visible light was ·O₂-. In this study, a commercial P25 catalyst was used for the photocatalytic oxidation of glycerol under optimal conditions. The experimental results show that the catalytic oxidation performance of glycerol by P25 is lower than that of Bi2WO6 nanoflowers.

The present paper reports about the effect of nano-filler on the performance of insulating materials in high voltage cable system applications. The influence of the processing method and content of nano-filler was studied. It was demonstrated that the choice of the right processing method is crucial for obtaining end products with desired properties, because of better filler dispersion. Composites with MgO nanofiller modified by in-situ modification and dispersion by high-speed stirring has better mechanical and electrical performance for cable system.

Power relays are mainly used in television sets, computers, industrial control, starter motors, automobiles, and other fields, playing a role in automatically connecting and disconnecting circuits. A device that could generate a jump in one or more electrical output circuits when the input meets certain specified conditions. When used, power relays have the advantages of small size, low noise, and low power consumption. This article mainly studies the electrical parameters such as arc energy, arc time, welding force, and contact burning mechanism of different silver tin oxide electrical contact materials, providing reference for the development of electrical contact materials.

This paper discusses several metasurface structures for optimizing the performance of silicon-based SPAD single-photon detectors, enabling them to overcome the material bandgap limitation of silicon and achieve a significant enhancement in absorption efficiency in the wavelength range above 1100nm. The mentioned metasurface structures consist of periodic arrays and utilize Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and three-dimensional cavity effects to induce strong electric field enhancement at the metal-silicon interface through the excitation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs). This imparts the detector with a strong light-capturing capability. The performance differences in absorption efficiency among these metasurface structures are elaborated upon, and the feasibility of their integration with SPAD single-photon detectors is discussed.

The incident direction is one of the essential input degrees of freedom in the design of multifunctional optical components. Taking the incident direction of electromagnetic waves as an example, in this work, we propose a highly efficient, broadband, ultra-compact, and easily integrable multifunctional optical device integrating the functionalities of half-wave plates, quarter-wave plates, and polarizers. This research provides a new idea for the design and development of multifunctional and integrated optical components.

The (1-x)K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃-xBi(Ni_0.5Zr_0.5)O₃[(1-x)KNN-xBNZ] ceramics with 0 ≤ x ≤0.2 were prepared by the solid-state method. The (1-x)KNN-xBNZ samples with 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.2 formed solid solutions with a stable perovskite structure and exhibited a cubic phase at room temperature. The sample with x=0.2 shown outstanding thermal robustness within the range of -35°C to 260°C, suggesting substantial promise for utilization in high-temperature multilayer ceramic capacitors. A systematic study of impedance spectra and modulus spectra plotted in various forms indicates the dominant grain effect in the single non-Debye thermally activated relaxation process for the BNZ-doped samples except the composition with x = 0.1. The grain and grain boundary effects may make the contribution to the relaxation process of the composition with x = 0.1. The frequency-related normalized impedance spectra and the calculated activation energy suggest that the conductive behavior and the relaxation process within the system of (1-x)KNN-xBNZ may be associated with the short-range movement of doubly ionized oxygen vacancies.

Co-continuous TiN/Al composites have been fabricated by the squeeze-casting process. The porous TiN ceramic preforms were fabricated through carbothermal reduction. There is no chemical reaction between TiN and aluminum alloy that avoids the adverse effect of excessive interface reaction on the mechanical properties of composite materials. With the increase of the casting temperature and the casting pressure in the squeeze-casting process, the flexural strength and the fracture toughness increased. The casting quality and the density of the composites after squeeze-casting process was improved.

In this paper, we investigated the SBS suppression potential in a fiber amplifier with both cylindrical vector beam output and nonlinear spectral compression method applied. By applying different kinds of modes output and different spectral management schemes, the SBS threshold of a same fiber amplifier was measured to be 67 W, 95 W and 104 W. These schemes correspond to LP₀₁ mode output with spectrum maintained, TM₀₁ mode output with spectrum maintained and TM01 mode output with spectrum narrowed, respectively. Experimental results indicated that the SBS threshold of our fiber amplifier with cylindrical vector beam output and spectrum compressed can be enhanced by 1.56 times, comparing to the traditional Gaussian beam one. The combination of the two techniques can pave the way for mitigating the SBS effect in high-power narrow-linewidth fiber amplifiers.

Polyaniline nanotubes (PANI-NTs) have been prepared by a self-assembly method under acid condition and loaded with LiCl in various solvent. The structure and property of loaded polyaniline nanotubes were characterized by IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM. The studies of the humidity-sensitive properties for polyaniline nanotubes indicate that its property remarkably enhanced by loading with LiCl. The concentration of LiCl solution as well as the type of solvent has influence on the humidity-sensitive property of the LiCl/PANI-NT composites materials.

Nanometre coating is the combination and comprehensive application of nanomaterial’s and surface engineering technology. It has been always regarded as a special application field by foreign militaries. Ships, aircraft and land equipment are facing extreme service conditions, including corrosion, wear, high temperature and other effects, as well as the resulting equipment operation failure and life expectancy decline. Nano-coating can solve the above problems more effectively. It is increasingly used in the military. Compared with other technologies, thermal spraying has the advantages of simple process, wide selection range of coating and substrate, wide variation range of coating thickness, high deposition efficiency and easy formation of composite coating. A new type of Nano-composite ceramic coating material was sprayed on the pipeline of fresh water cooler in submarine by spraying technology. The corrosion resistance of the material was verified by salt spray test. It is proved that this material technology can also be applied to equipment components in submarines to enhance their service life and improve overall performance.

C5 is a hydrogen sulfide containing media. Corrosion behavior of liquid level gauge pipe was investigated with cross section morphology observation and element analysis in this study. The material of the pipe is 20# steel with massive ferrite and lamellar pearlite. The Vickers hardness of the pipe cross section is 130-150HV. The corrosion product is loose and polyporous with many cracks. The boundary between corrosion layer and metal is generally straight. The corrosion type belongs to uniform corrosion. O and Fe have opposite distribution in the corrosion products layers. Iron-sulfur compounds were observed with SEM-EDS analysis, and S content is up to 2.87%. S mainly distributed at the corrosion products layer, especially at the boundary between the corrosion layer and the matrix metal.

In recent years, MXene materials have found great applications in fields such as photonics and nonlinear optics due to their special physical properties. Here, the non-linear absorption properties of vanadium carbide/silver (V₂C/Ag) nanoparticle composites at different wavelengths (450-600 nm) are investigated using Z-scan techniques. Experimental and computational results show that the material has strong saturable absorption (SA) properties, and the SA intensity increases with decreasing wavelength. This research provides new applicable materials for laser technology.

The increasing demand for Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), characterized by high power consumption and the need for high speed, has rendered conventional silicon-based Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) incompetent for spiking applications. Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors (CNTFETs) have emerged as a promising alternative to replace MOSFETs and achieve significant energy efficiency benefits without compromising the speed performance compared to silicon-based FETs. This research paper begins by addressing the limitations of MOSFETs in the context of SNNs, highlighting their inefficiency in addressing the specific demands of neuromorphic hardware. The investigates then proceeds to examinate the advantageous attributes of CNTFETs over MOSFETs. The examination delves into the device electrical properties, mechanism, power and speed performance, power-delay product (PDP), and bandwidth capabilities. Recent findings in power and delay characteristics of CNTFET circuit designs are also reviewed and compared to those of MOSFET-based in this article. The study demonstrates the practicality, potentials, and scaling challenges of CNTFETs as a viable solution for fulfilling the stringent requirements of spiking applications, showcasing their ability in providing the optimal speed and power performances. The insights gathered from this research hold great significance implications for the future development of SNN-specific hardware beyond complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) electronics.

Rapid monitoring of dissolved gas content in transformer oil can effectively provide early warning diagnoses for potential faults. Acetylene is the most diagnostically significant fault gas. Given the inability to simultaneously perform rapid and accurate detection for all fault gases, developing a device specifically for rapid detection of acetylene holds unique value. This study constructed a rapid online chromatography monitoring system for dissolved acetylene in oil using a highly permeable Teflon-AF2400/ceramic composite membrane component for degassing, paired with a high-sensitivity NTC resistor as the sensor. Under a column temperature of 60°C, the HY-02 and HY-03 chromatography columns could fully separate acetylene from other co mponents, with retention times of 1.7 and 1.3 min, respectively. Under these conditions, the lowest detection limits for acetylene gas were 0.13 mL·L^-1 and 0.09 mL·L^-1. The permeation equilibrium curve of acetylene in the composite membrane component was measured. At room temperature, a degassing time of 25 min can achieve an oil-gas equilibrium of 82%. After correction using the Oswald coefficient, the prototype's minimum detection limit for acetylene in oil was determined to be 0.12 mL·L^-1. This device is easy to install and adjust, doesn't require many electromagnetic valves, is compact in size, and is suitable for multi-channel parallel integration. Its detection cycle is less than 30 minutes. In the event of a sudden change in acetylene concentration in the oil, it can respond with over 90% accuracy within 30 minutes.

This paper uses isopentenyl polyethylene glycol ether (TPEG), acrylic acid and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate as raw materials. Polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) with different main chain polymerization degrees were prepared by adjusting the chain transfer agent. The molecular structure, dispersion and rheological properties of PCE with different main chain polymerization degrees were studied by rheometer, infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The results show that the rheological parameters and thixotropic ring area showed a decreasing trend first and then an increasing trend with the increase of the main chain polymerization degrees, and the fluidity of the slurry as a whole showed a decreasing trend; When the sample is PCE-T2.1, the thixotropic ring area of the paste is small, the plastic viscosity and yield stress are minimal, and the dispersion and rheological properties of the sample are relatively excellent.

A water reducing and slump retaining polycarboxylic acid water reducer (P-T) was prepared by using isopentenyl polyoxyethylene ether (TPEG) as the macromonomer and acrylic acid as the small monomer, introducing a new type of small slump retaining monomer (MT) , and free radical solution polymerization. The structure of slump retaining monomer (MT) was characterized by IR, gel permeation chromatography and liquid chromatography. The concrete test results show that the water reduction rate of P-T is high, and its slump retaining performance is equivalent to that of the slump retaining polycarboxylate water reducer (P-C). In addition, the amount of water reducing mother liquor can be reduced during the mixing process, and the workability of the mixed concrete is improved, without bleeding and slight bleeding.

In this work, Al-doped Ga₂O₃ thin films were prepared on quartz substrates using radio frequency magnetron co-sputtering, and the influence of Al₂O₃ sputtering power on properties of the films was investigated. It was found that the Al content in the films increased with the increase in sputtering power, reaching 30.63 at.% at a sputtering power of 100 W. All the films prepared exhibited highly transparent in the visible and near-ultraviolet regions (>85%). In comparison to undoped Ga₂O₃ films, Al-doped Ga₂O₃ films exhibit a pronounced blue shift in their absorption edges, with the degree of blue shift increasing as the sputtering power is raised.

In this paper, the nano-Al₂O₃ powder with particle size of 30 nm and pure aluminium powder with particle size of 40 μm were employed as raw materials in the hot-press powder metallurgy sintering process to fabricate the alumina reinforced aluminium matrix composites. By using mechanical ball grinding and ultrasonic dispersion, the raw material powders were mixed uniformly. The relative density, hardness and other properties of the sample were tested and the effects of nano-Al₂O₃ content on the properties and microstructure of alumina reinforced aluminium matrix composites were investigated. The result showed that when nano-Al₂O₃ content was increased from 0% to 5%, the relative density of the aluminium matrix composites keeps decrease from 0.986 to 0.971 meanwhile the hardness of the composites was increased in the initial stage (nano-Al₂O₃ content from 0% to 2%) and reached its maximum value 31.7 HV when the nano-Al₂O₃ content was 2%. The SEM observation showed the composites had no porosity and the white nano-Al₂O₃ particles were evenly dispersed throughout the silver-white aluminium matrix with perfect interface.

The carbon foam/Fe₃O₄ electromagnetic wave absorbers with three-dimensional (3D) reticulated structure were fabricated by a two-pot method, carbonization of melamine foam and hydrothermal treatment of FeSO₄·7H₂O. Phase analysis was performed by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. SEM and TEM were used to visualize the morphology and structure of electromagnetic wave absorbers. Besides, the electromagnetic parameters of absorbers were characterized by vector network analyzer. The results showed that carbon foam/Fe₃O₄ composite obtained on the basis of carbon foam with a carbonization temperature of 800 °C was able to exhibit an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.2 GHz covering 10.8–18 GHz at a thickness of 2.5 mm. The superior electromagnetic wave absorption performance cab be attributed to the combination of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and carbon foam that not only achieved a synergistic enhancement of polarization loss and conductivity loss, but also induced an inverse dispersion effect of permeability through the 3D reticulated structure, resulting in stronger magnetic loss at high frequency.

As a driving unit and core component of the acquisition, pointing and tracking (APT) system's fiber actuator, the fatigue mechanism and fatigue life analysis of the piezoelectric ceramic tube (PCT) nutator in a high-frequency dynamic state have become one of the urgent research issues in the reliability field of interstellar laser communicating key devices. This article commences by elucidating the principles of deflection and nutation of the PCT nutator. Subsequently, employing finite element simulation methodologies, an exhaustive analysis is conducted to discern the stress and strain energy density distribution within a single operational cycle under specific working parameters. The findings illuminate the principal fatigue failure mechanism of the dynamic piezoelectric ceramic tube, characterized by crack propagation and eventual rupture resulting from localized stress accumulation during dynamic processes. Furthermore, the coordinates of the "most dangerous element" are ascertained, and a fatigue life model for the PCT nutator in transient nutation is proposed based on the theory of material fatigue damage accumulation. Based on model calculations, the theoretical fatigue life of the PCT nutator can reach 2.31×10⁶ cycles under the environmental conditions with a 500Hz bandwidth and maximum nutation radius.

Microwave absorption materials have been increasingly attracting our attention as an effective method of mitigating electromagnetic pollution. Among these materials, molybdenum carbide/carbon (Mo₂C/C) composites have gradually emerged as a prominent candidate in the field of microwave absorption materials, owing to their lightweight characteristics, chemical stability, and exceptional dielectric properties. In this study, the significant advancements in research on Mo₂C/C composites are reviewed, encompassing binary Mo₂C/C composites and multi-component Mo₂C/Ccomposites, as well as exploring the auxiliary attenuation effect of core-shell structures, hollow structures, and three-dimensional porous structures. The microwave absorption mechanism was discussed, and the absorption mechanism of Mo₂C/C composites was analyzed and summarized. Ultimately, the current status of Mo₂C/C composites has been provided in this study, which will serve as a valuable reference for comprehending the properties and potential applications of this Mo₂C/C composites.

CdZnTe thick films were prepared by using close-spaced sublimation (CSS) method. The effects of metal catalytic layer on the performance of CdZnTe thick film was examined. The findings demonstrate that the Au catalytic buffer layer, in comparison to the Al metal layer, significantly affects the growth rate, grain size, and surface morphology of the CdZnTe thick film. The properties of the CdZnTe thick film is considerably impacted by the thickness of the Au layer.

Polyaniline (PANI) is a conductive polymer with simple synthesis, low cost, environmental friendliness and high electrochemical activity. It is widely used as an electrode material in supercapacitors. However, during the charge-discharge cycle, the expansion and contraction of the volume of PANI caused by doping and de-doping of anions often leads to a decline of rate performance and cycle stability. In this paper, four kinds of acid doped PANI electrodes were prepared by electrochemical deposition on the surface of carbon cloth. The type of acids has a significant impact on the final electrochemical performance of PANI. Phytic acid (PA) doped PANI exhibits the best electrochemical performance with a high specific capacitance of 363.6 F g^-1 at 1 A g^-1, and the retention rate of at 20 A g^-1 is 91.3%. In addition, the introduction of 0.1wt% polyvinyl alcohol into electrolyte can greatly increase the load of electrochemical active substances without affecting the electrochemical performance of electrode materials.

In this study, we modify melamine adsorption phase change materials (PCM) and investigate the impact of different material thicknesses and thermal conductivities on the battery thermal management system (BTMS). Our analysis involves the use of SolidWorks and COMSOL Multiphysics. Results show that the addition of the PCM leads to a considerable decrease in the maximum temperature of single battery and module. Moreover, increasing the thickness and thermal conductivity of the PCM leads to a decrease in the temperature difference of module. Our findings suggest that the optimal performance of BTMS is achieved when the PCM thickness and thermal conductivity reach 12.5 mm and 2.5 W·m^-1·K^-1, respectively.

Silicon carbide, as a third-generation semiconductor, has numerous advantages, such as high-pressure resistance, high-temperature resistance, high-frequency and high-power capabilities, radiation resistance, etc. Due to these properties, it is widely used in the fields of high-power transmission devices and new energy. However, the problem of microtubules needs urgent attention. During the crystal growth process, thermal stress generates microtubules, which results in the formation of hollow screw dislocations with a large Burgess vector, leading to a particular hollow structure. Microtubules greatly affect the performance and lifespan of the device under high voltage and high current conditions. In this paper, we have significantly improved the microtubule defects issue by controlling the thermal field. The diameter of a single microtubule was reduced from 10 μm to 1 μm, and the density of microtubules decreased from 3.98 to 0.8 microtubules/cm². As a result, the quality of silicon carbide crystals has been significantly enhanced.

In the DC polymeric cable insulation, electrical treeing is an electrical pre-breakdown phenomenon in polymer insulating layer. This is a failure process caused by electrical damage, and it is carried out in a tree-like path through the stress insulation layer. electric tree growth of polymer high-voltage cable insulation is a common breakdown mechanism about the electrical failure of underground power cables. Due to the widely use of power electronic devices in the VSC-HVDC system, the generation of harmonics brings a variety of insulation problems. In this paper, the research work investigates the effect of octa-aminophenyl POSS (OaPOSS) addition on suppressing the electric tree properties of polypropylene (PP) under the pulse voltage, involving the treeing initial voltage for treeing growth, the treeing propagating rate and the time to breakdown. Some physical and electrical characteristics of OaPOSS/PP nanocomposites would be analysed through the observation of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the electrostatic potential calculation. Finally, the analysing results would show how the addition of OaPOSS could improve the electrical treeing characteristics of PP due to the enhancement of trapping distribution.

In order to improve the detection and recognition ability of photoelectric imaging detection and recognition system, a visible light, medium wave and long wave three-band co-aperture zoom system based on folding structure is designed. The three-band zoom system is simulated by using the optical design software Zemax, and the image quality of the system is analyzed. The results show that the MTF curves of visible light are all higher than 0.35 at the Nyquist frequency of 106 lp/mm, the maximum dispersion spot size is close to 4.7μm, the MTF curves of mid-wave infrared are all higher than 0.4 at the Nyquist frequency of 20 lp/mm and the long wave infrared are all higher than 0.33 at the Nyquist frequency of 12 lp/mm. Maximum dispersion of the medium wave and long wave spot size are close to 25μm. The imaging quality of the system is good, all close to the diffraction limit and meeting the design requirements.

The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) integrates reflection and scattering phenomena to describe the spatial reflection characteristics of the object surface. A modified spectral expression for the complex refractive index of the medium is established using the Drude-Lorentz dispersion model, and it is substituted into the polarization microfacet BRDF to obtain a spectral polarization BRDF(p-BRDF) based on the microfacet theory. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to fit the parameters in the model by combining the complex refractive index data and in-plane BRDF data of brass, the optimal standard mean squared error of parameter selection is 0.01. The simulated data is highly consistent with the experimental data, and the optimal adjusted R² is 0.9854. The results indicate that the spectral p-BRDF model combined with limited experimental data can effectively predict the spatial reflection characteristics of object surfaces.

Highly position-controlled ZnO nanowire arrays are grown on a SiO₂-mask-patterned GaN substrate by hydrothermal method. The morphology of ZnO nanowires (NWs) can be modulated, and a comprehensive study is conducted for the first time. The morphology relies on the nucleation process that can be adjusted by varying growth time and solution concentration. Spectral responsibility curve and electroluminescent characteristics (EL) are measured, which both present great ultraviolet (UV) photoelectric properties. Meanwhile, the position of ZnO NWs is highly controllable as designed and the morphology of NWs are largely consistent, which pave the way to fabricate the high performance device resulting from the interaction between light.

As mobile technology evolves from 5G to 6G, the demand for third-generation semiconductors such as SiC with higher power and frequency capabilities is increasing. Silicon Carbide power modules generate significant heat during operation, requiring large-area nano-silver sintering technology to improve module performance and reliability. However, in large-area sintering processes, low exhaust efficiency of solder paste by-products and uneven sintering pressure of the nano-silver paste result in poor sintering quality of the silver layer. This study aims to improve the sintering quality of interconnected silver layers by optimizing the sintering pressure distribution and adding rubber spacers to the sintering structure. ABAQUS was used to quantitatively analyze the effects of pressure methods and gasket material, diameter, and thickness on the stress distribution in the silver layer. Finally, based on the simulation results, an optimized sintering structure was proposed to unify the pressure and reduce the stress concentration in the silver layer, and verified experimentally by sintering tests. Compared with the traditional sintering structure, the application of a 2 mm thick fluoro rubber gasket with the same surface area as the silver layer in the optimized structure reduced the porosity to 2.15% and achieved a more dense sintered silver layer.

The reflectance spectra data obtained from spectrometer was of great necessity to be processed and analyzed so that the data could be converted to color parameters. Since the Lab color space was characterized by not limited to specific devices, wide color gamut, and high-speed computing process, a data processing program based on python has been developed in this work. Based on the program, Lab color parameters could be calculated from the wavelength and reflectivity obtained from raw data, the relative spectral power distribution of illumination source, and spectral tristimulus values under standard chromaticity observation, which could be visualized in the 3D color space. In comparison with manual data screening and calculation, the efficiency and reliability of color analysis were markedly elevated based on the developed program, by which the color parameters could be quickly and accurately calculated from the reflectance spectra and intuitively displayed in 3D color space.

Flue gas corrosion, ash accumulation and fly ash wear have significant effect on the convective heat transfer surface such as super heater, economizer and air pre-heater arranged in the power plant boiler. The corrosion-resistance coating is often employed to protect or mitigate the damage from the flue gas corrosion and ash wear. The β-Si3N4 porous ceramics with high corrosion resistance and wear resistance can be used as the coating to protect the convective heat transfer surface. Due to the deformation of the heat transfer surface caused by vibration, creep and fatigue, the coating also can be affected, even destroyed when the deformation is too large. Elastic modulus is a parameter reflecting the ability to resist deformation. The effects of the porosity and temperature on the β-Si3N4 porous ceramics are theoretically studied by introducing the coupling effect between the thermal conductivity and elastic modulus, and the results are helpful to make guidance for the coating structure design and improve the service life of the heat transfer surface.

Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to explore the mechanism of action of Gentiana produced in Daqing with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The Stern-Volmer equation and burst constants at various temperatures (288 K, 298 K, 305 K, 310 K) indicated that the main burst mechanism of Gentiana and BSA was the dynamic burst caused by intermolecular collisions; The fluorescence intensity of BSA was analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy to and showed different degrees of quenching with increasing concentration of Gentiana, but none of the fluorescence peak shapes were changed, indicating that the herbs interacted with BSA; On the basis of the binding site n<1 and the thermodynamic parameters ΔG <0; ΔH >0, ΔS >0, it is concluded that Gentiana is weakly able to bind to BSA and that the force between them is a hydrophobic force. The study elucidates the basic data on the mechanism of action of Gentiana with BSA, which will help the further development and application of Gentiana.

The spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) technique comprehensively integrates the principles of grating diffraction and spatial interference, enabling the detection of activities with high resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, which is adopted for high-precision remote sensing of atmospheric composition. SHS employs a focal plane array detector to simultaneously record the interference information of different optical path differences. When detecting continuous intense light signals, due to the limitations of interference modulation and the dynamic response range of the detector, the interference zero optical path point and its adjacent pixels become saturated. Directly recovering the spectrum from the saturation interferogram can lead to significant deviations from the theoretical spectrum. Base on the imaging principle of SHS, a simulation model was established for the interference data saturation of the zero optical path point and its vicinity, and used to analyse the influence of phase error on interference data. Utilizing the property of invariant phase error in SHS, a particle swarm algorithm (PSO) is employed to calibrate the intensity values of the saturation interference data. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can reduce the normalized root-mean-square error of the recovered spectrum from 5.01e-2 to 2.10e-3.

In this work, a composition of Co₃O₄ and Ag with nanocubic morphology and core-shell structure was designed and successfully prepared based on the crystal growth properties of cobalt hexacyanocobaltate and the Kirkendall effect of nanomaterials. This method has a facile preparation process. Due to the ultrathin diameter of the silver particles, the amount of raw material required is small, so it does not result in additional cost. With the excellent electrical conductivity of silver nanoparticles and the buffering properties of the hollow structure, this material can be used as an anode material for lithiumion batteries with superior cycle life and multiplicity performance than Co₃O₄ nanoparticles alone. After 50 times of charging and discharging at a current density of 1 A·g^-1, the discharge capacity still reaches 1089 mAh·g^-1, which is significantly higher than that of the graphite anode currently used in the Li-ion battery industry.

In recent years, secondary ion batteries have played crucial roles in various fields of production and daily life, among which sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have shown their promising potential in the fields of energy storage and power generation due to their low cost and long lifespan. P-type layered oxide cathode materials are key components of SIBs, with advantages such as low cost and stable structure, but they also suffers from the problems of low capacity and a variety of structural types. In this research, through temperature-controlled synthesis, it was determined that lower-temperature calcination facilitated the formation of pure P3 phase, while higher-temperature calcination facilitated the formation of pure P2 phase, and intermediate-temperature calcination resulted in a coexistence state of P3 and P2 phases. The changes in P-type structure significantly affected the electrochemical behavior and performance of the materials, with the presence of P3 phase contributing to reduce the electrochemical polarization and enhance the anionic redox activity. Furthermore, through first-principle calculations, it was confirmed that the P3 structure caused changes in the electronic structure of O and Ni, and the electrons closer to the Fermi level increased, which induced an increase in redox activity and thereby improved charge-discharge capacity.

Transparent conductive films (TCFs) are widely used as electrodes in flexible optoelectronic devices, which have very strong potential applications in a lot of fields. Currently, one of the most intensively studied subject in this community is developing transparent organic buffer layer with both low thermal expansion coefficient and strong interfacial bonding energy with TCFs, so as to enhance their resistibility against thermal expansion during device working. This is particularly important for the ceramic type TCFs, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), because their thermal expansion coefficients are almost two orders of magnitude lower than that of flexible organic substrates. In this work, we have successfully developed a new highly transparent SiO₂-PMMA buffer layer with glass transition temperature of 119.6 °C. Thermal shock tests reveal that a 100 nm thick ITO film grown on this SiO₂-PMMA buffer layer can tolerate 10 cycles of temperature shock between -55 °C and 120 °C. In addition, the interfacial adhesion between organic substrate and ITO film after thermal shock was greatly enhanced as well by introducing SiO₂-PMMA buffer layer. Our work presents the possible for ITO films to achieve the good thermal shock resistance and robust adhesion to organic substrates simultaneously, and is expected to be widely used in flexible optoelectronic devices.

Solar cell efficiency improvement is a significant research focus. To enhance the separation and reduce the recombination of photogenerated carriers in narrow bandgap GaAs nanowire solar cells (NWSCs), we propose a GaAs-GaAs_1-xSb_x-GaAs heterostructure NWSCs model. Adjusting the Sb concentration in GaAs_1-xSb_x modifies the energy band structure, effectively separating photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Increasing Sb concentration significantly boosts short circuit current density and power conversion efficiency. At x = 0.34, we achieve a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 28.3 mA·cm-2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.93 V, and a 23.1% power-conversion efficiency (PCE) under AM 1.5G spectrum. Then, the distribution of electrons and holes in the transport process of the whole NWSCs is simulated when the Sb concentration is set to 0.34, which confirms electron separation to n-type GaAs and hole separation to p-type GaAs at x = 0.34, effectively. Moreover, the device exhibits an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 95.9%.

High-quality CdZnTe (CZT) films were fabricated using the radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. Ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors based on CZT films were fabricated with gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) and gold electrodes. The electrodes and film thickness on the performance of CZT film UV photodetectors was studied. The results indicate that GZO electrodes can form good ohmic contact with CZT, thereby enhancing the sensitivity and response of CZT photodetectors. An increase in film thickness improves the film quality, resulting in enhanced performance of CZT film UV photodetectors.

Blue semiconductor lasers have broad application prospects in fields such as material processing, underwater communication, and ocean exploration due to their unique wavelength advantages. At present, the power of blue light single tube LDs is relatively low. By using incoherent laser beam combining technology and fiber coupling technology, multiple blue light LDs can be synthesized into a high-power and high uniformity laser, meeting a wider range of application needs. This article designs a 100W level blue light LD fiber coupling module, which uses 32 single tubes with a power of 5W LDs. Through spatial and polarization beam combining design, it is focused and coupled into 105 μm/NA0.22 optical fiber. After simulation with Zemax software, a 138.7 W high brightness blue laser was obtained, with a fiber coupling efficiency of 91.48%. A dual axial flow fan air-cooled heat dissipation structure has been designed. After simulation with Ansys Icepak software, the maximum temperature of the laser module is 35.1 °C, and it can continuously output light for operation.

A violet pyrotechnic formulation is proposed based on the colour-light mixing principle, which is KClO₃/SrCl₂·6H2O/2CuCO₃·Cu(OH)₂/Al/C₆H_9.6O_1.6. To optimize the formulations, determine the types and contents of different colour emitters using the REAL calculation program, calculate the colour coordinates, wavelengths, colour purity and plot the chromatic diagrams of different formulations through the MATLAB program, and then optimize the formulations. Calculations showed that the formulation had an optimum ratio of 60/14/6/12/8, an oxygen balance of - 0.067 g.g^-1, a colour coordinate of (0.2500, 0.1392), a virtual dominant wavelength of 404nm and a colour purity of 0.35. The experimental results are that the colour coordinates are (0.2541, 0.1706), the virtual dominant wavelength of violet light is 439nm, the colour purity is 0.34, and there is a good violet light effect. The theoretical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the design method can provide a theoretical basis for the other multidye flamer chromatic pyrotechnic formulations and the study of related problems.

Military vehicles are vulnerable to hostile infrared reconnaissance in the battlefield. So, it is essential to investigate the infrared radiation characteristics and camouflage methods of the vehicle. This paper proposes a method utilizing heat exchange theory to study the temperature distribution and the infrared radiation characteristics of a simplified vehicle prototype. The research reveals that the temperature distribution and the infrared radiation distribution are different for all six surfaces, which are mainly influenced by internal heat source, air temperature and solar radiation. This study is expected to provide useful guidance to vehicle camouflage pattern design.

The lack of integrated acquisition and processing circuits in pixel coupled infrared polarization cameras restricts the development and application of polarization technology. FPGA has the ability of parallel processing, which can meet the needs of simultaneous transmission and processing of multi-channel data, with high data throughput and fast processing speed. At the same time, there are a large number and diverse types of IO ports that can be combined with different interface chips to design multiple types of interface circuits and achieve various circuit functions. Therefore, based on the FPGA core chip, this article designs peripheral acquisition, transmission, storage, and display circuits to complete the image acquisition and display of pixel coupled polarization cameras. During the circuit design process, the concept of modular design is adopted, and the schematic diagram of the module circuit is designed according to functional requirements. Based on the schematic diagram, a PCB is drawn, and the final product circuit board is produced. Based on the IP core and HLS library, the acquisition and processing software program was designed, and polarization image acquisition and polarization information calculation were completed. Finally, an experimental verification was conducted on the functionality of the circuit system using the idea of modularization first and then overall verification. Through verification, the circuit system can meet the functions of pixel coupled infrared polarization camera image acquisition, processing, and display.

A mid-infrared laser switching technology based on a half-wave liquid crystal variable retarder (LCVR) is reported in this paper. The optical path is non-mechanically switched using a combination of LCVR and a polarization beam splitter (PBS), enabling flexible transmission of mid-infrared lasers through mid-infrared transmitting optical fibers. Experimental results demonstrate that the mid-infrared laser switching technology based on LCVR exhibits excellent laser transmission efficiency and strong platform adaptability, offering an effective approach for mid-infrared laser switching and output.

We have demonstrated the high performance ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors based on Ga₂O₃/VO₂ heterojunction. The effect of metal-insulator phase transition (MIT) characteristic of VO₂ on the performance of Ga₂O₃/VO₂ photodetectors has been investigated in detail. The response speed of the Ga₂O₃/VO₂ photodetectors are basically same both heterojunction and Schottky junction mode. While the response of the detector Schottky junction mode. This provides a feasible method for exploring and improving the performance of amorphous gallium oxide ultraviolet detectors.

In this paper, the composite preparation method of carbon nanotubes and porous carbon materials is investigated as a way to obtain composites with good structure and properties. The common plant waste poplar leaves were used as carbon source to prepare electrochemical energy storage devices. Poplar leaf-derived carbon (YSC) has an interconnected framework structure that facilitates ion diffusion and provides space for sulfur redox expansion [1,2]. We doped in situ-grown carbon nanotubes into YSC substrates using melamine as a nitrogen source, and constructed hierarchical porous structures to inhibit the dissolution of polysulfides by combining the carbon nanotube structure with the framework of YSC interconnections in order to further improve their performance. The cycling stability, capacity retention, and electrochemical activity energy of the electrode material were also analyzed at different carbonization temperatures, and the material showed better electrochemical performance. At a current density of 0.5 A/g, a discharge specific capacity of 583.8 mAh/g averaged over 300 turns was realized.

In the FBG demodulation system applying HCN absorption lines as wavelength reference, the output of ASE broadband light source is controlled by tunable F-P filter to provide scanning light for the whole demodulation system. However, due to the influence of the tunable F-P filter in the system, the HCN absorption lines are distorted, including broadening, shallowness and asymmetry, which affect the subsequent determination of peak position, thus reducing the demodulation. In this paper, the broadening, shallowness and asymmetric distortion of HCN absorption spectrum caused by F-P filter are studied and analyzed.

Low emissivity coatings or thin film materials are currently the main technical means for achieving infrared stealth. Due to the high reflectivity of low emissivity surfaces, environmental radiation such as solar radiation and ground radiation may have a significant impact on the effective infrared radiation of low emissivity surfaces. In response to the current research on low emissivity surface infrared radiation mainly limited to its suppression of self radiation, and the lack of information on the impact of environmental radiation on its effective radiation, starting from establishing a general infrared feature model that includes self emitted reflected environmental radiation, the focus is on deriving the effects of solar radiation and ground radiation on low emissivity surfaces in two atmospheric infrared windows 3-5 μm-band and 8-14 μm. The influence model of effective infrared radiation in the 3-5 μm-band has been calculated and experimentally verified. The results indicate that solar radiation and ground radiation have an impact on low emissivity materials in the mid infrared region of 3-5 μm-band and far Infrared 8-14 μm. The impact of effective infrared radiation in the two bands is different and is related to factors such as ground temperature, the angle between the target surface and the ground, the atmospheric transmittance of solar radiation, and the angle of solar incidence. In general, reducing the emissivity of a surface can reduce its effective infrared radiation, which is beneficial for achieving infrared stealth. However, there are two common exceptions that make using low emissivity materials not a good way to achieve infrared stealth. One is that when the surface temperature of the target is below 60 °C, due to the influence of solar radiation, reducing reflectivity in the 3-5 μmband may actually enhance its effective radiation. That is a challenge to the targets in the background of low and normal temperatures during a clear day range to realize infrared stealth in the 3-5 μm-band. The second exception is that due to the influence of ground radiation, when the temperature of the aircraft's bottom surface is lower than the ground temperature, reducing reflectivity in the 8-14 μm-band may actually enhance its effective radiation. That is a challenge to aircraft having a bottom surface to realize Infrared stealth in the 8-14μm-band. In both cases, adopting temperature control and cooling measures may be the only way to reduce its effective radiation radiation and achieve infrared stealth. The relevant conclusions can provide important references for infrared detection and target infrared stealth design.

We report experimentally high-Q resonances arising from quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs), supported by spoof localized surface plasmon (SLSP) structures with broken symmetry. The influence of structural asymmetric parameters on the Q-factors of SLSP resonance is studied with numerical simulations and experiments, and the supercavity mode with small spectral width is observed as the central displacement of the SLSP structure is approaching zero. Our investigation has demonstrated a new mechanism in suppressing the radiation loss of SLSP structures, holding promise for sensing applications with high sensitivity.

The variation in temperature of PV modules can affect the efficiency of power generation. Therefore, many studies have been conducted to predict the temperature of PV modules. In this paper, the extreme random tree algorithm is utilized with EDA and PCA analysis to accurately predict the temperature of PV modules in the next hour by filtering and structuring available features. EDA and PCA analysis enhance the model's understanding of the degree of addition, subtraction, and similarity between different features. They also help filter out and construct new key features. Compared to the random forest commonly used in previous studies, the extreme random tree algorithm is more random in the choice of bifurcation in tree building, enabling it to jump out of the vicious circle of local optima and learn the data adequately. After training, the model is tested using actual operating wind turbine data for validation, and the results indicate that the method is highly accurate, noise-resistant, targeted, and practical.

The snowflake-like hierarchical structured WO₃ arrays photoanode was fabricated on the FTO conductive glass. In this hierarchical structured photoanode, a high aspect ratio sandwich-like structure is more conducive to charge transfer, and the unique snowflake like structure can improve carrier separation efficiency. As expected, the obtained snowflake-like hierarchical structured WO₃ arrays photoanode yield improved photocurrent density of 2.3 mA·cm^-2, which is approximately 3.96 times than that of the WO₃ nanosheet arrays photoanode.

A ternary compound Al_1.5Ni_3.5Pr was synthesized experimentally. The crystal structure analysis and refinement using powder X-ray diffractometer and Rietveld refinement method. The refinement results show that Al_1.5Ni_3.5Pr is isostructural with Al₂NdNi₃ and possesses a hexagonal CaCu₅ structure type; further, The Pearson symbol is hp6, lattice constants a, c, unit cell volume V, the unit z, and calculated density ρx are 5.0814(3) Å, 4.0855(3) Å, 91.359 ų, 1 and 7.034 g/cm³, respectively. Accordingly, its residual factors are R_p = 10.09%, R_wp = 13.83%, and R_exp = 6.66%.

The effects of AlInGaN electron barrier layer (EBL) on the photoelectric properties of gallium nitride laser with reduced polarization of different aluminum components is numerically simulated by Crosslight Software. Compared with the Al_0.322In_0.08Ga_0.598N EBL, the Al_0.447In_0.174Ga_0.379N EBL with higher Al component improves the photoelectric performance of laser, achieving lower threshold current and higher output power. The reason is that the use of Al_0.447In_0.174Ga_0.379N electron barrier material with higher Al component further reduces the polarization effect, thus improving the hole injection efficiency and reducing the electron leakage. Simulation results reveal that the threshold current decreases from 25.3mA to 22.6mA, and the output power increases from 98.3mW to 155.9mW. At the same time, the optical field distribution of higher Al component EBL structure laser is more concentrated in the active region, which further reduces the absorption loss, so that the optical confinement factor increases from 1.14% to 1.2%, and the slope efficiency also increases from 0.77W/A to 1.18W/A.

In order to obtain better quality workpiece in the process of reciprocating magnetorheological polishing. In this paper, the analysis method of abrasive particle trajectory was adopted. The effect of abrasive particle trajectory on machining quality under two reciprocating working conditions of constant speed and variable speed was studied by simulation analysis of abrasive particle trajectory under different parameters. Then the processing uniformity of workpiece under the working condition of variable speed reciprocating motion is tested by experiment. The results showed that under the condition of variable speed reciprocating motion, the abrasive particle trajectory is more complicated, and it was easier to obtain the uniform workpiece. The experimental results of the height difference of workpiece measuring points were between 4 and 11 μm, and the height difference of equal radial measuring points is not more than 1.5 μm by experimental verification.

AISI A2 tool steel is commonly employed as a material for bending molds. However, its relatively low wear resistance and microhardness significantly impact the precision of formed workpieces. This study aims to address these challenges by applying the laser cladding technique to produce an AISI M2 coating. Sixteen distinct experimental setups were devised using an orthogonal approach. The mechanical performance of the coatings, encompassing microhardness, friction performance, wear resistance, and bond strength, was systematically explored across various process parameters, including overlap rate, laser power, scanning speed, and powder feed rate. A novel algorithm was introduced to comprehensively evaluate the coating's performance. The Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method was employed to determine the weights associated with different performance responses. In conjunction with the TOPSIS method, this algorithm facilitated comprehensive performance scoring across the 16 experimental groups. Finally, leveraging signal-to- noise ratio analysis (SNR) and analysis of variance (ANOVA), the optimal process parameters were identified: an overlap rate (O) of 30%, scanning speed (S) of 3 mm/s, laser power (P) of 800 W, and powder feed rate (F) of 0.9 g/min. Validation experiments conclusively demonstrated that the coating showcased superior comprehensive performance under these rigorously determined process parameters.

In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to fully identify the weakness of the whole system by a single index established from the point of view of power network topology and power flow characteristics, a weak point identification method of distribution network based on global performance analysis of complex network model is proposed. The complex network models of physical layer and functional layer are built respectively, and the measurement systems and analysis methods based on degree, intermediate number and aggregation coefficient of complex network model are established. The key nodes, weak links and related properties of the power grid are analyzed from different perspectives to provide guidance for the follow-up layout planning of the power grid.

The overcurrent failure experiment device was used to prepare the overcurrent specimens of H59 brass conductor with thicknesses of 0.5mm and 0.8mm under 80A-100A and 100A-120A respectively. The evolution law of the temperature and microstructures of the specimens were studied. The results showed that: with the increase of overcurrent intensity, the heating rate of H59-0.5 and H59-0.8 were higher and showed a linear growth. Their critical current intensities for melting fracture were 100A and 110A respectively. At the critical current intensity (80A, 120A), the microstructures of them both were as-cast microstructure (plate-like α-phase dominant + small amount of isometric α-phase) and the α-phase showed orientation in the certain range and transcrystalline fracture at the fracture. Below the critical current intensity (100A, 110A), the metallographic structures of H59-0.8 were isometric α-phase with annealing twins and isolated β-phase. The average grain size was basically constant with the increase of the current intensity .At 90A, H59-0.5 was observed no obvious melted signs at macroscopic level but discovered localized melting marks which formatted typical widmanstätten structure under a high-powered optical microscope.

The stability of perovskite materials has always been the biggest obstacle in commercial application. The passivation strategy suitable for traditional semiconductor quantum dots is an effective way to improve the stability of materials. Passivation quantum dots can also improve the luminescence performance, stability and electronic coupling of quantum dots through effective passivation strategies. Therefore, surface ligand engineering is an effective method to improve the stability of perovskite materials. In this study, the passivation of perovskite quantum dots by Fmoc-amino acid was studied, and the effect of FMOC-amino acid on photoelectric properties and morphology was analyzed.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the technological foundations and research status about the integration of photovoltaic power generation and hydrogen energy storage systems. In recent years, the combination of these two cutting-edge technologies has garnered significant attention, primarily due to the limitations of current power plants in accommodating large-scale energy storage. This integration not only aligns with China's overarching "dual carbon" policy objectives but also holds the potential to address the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources and facilitate long-term energy storage. The primary objective of this article is to delve into the various types of photovoltaic panels, their fabrication methods, and the ongoing research advancements in flexible battery technologies. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is conducted between hydrogen energy storage technology and lithium-ion battery energy storage technology, followed by an in-depth examination of the current development status and the challenges faced by the photovoltaic-hydrogen system.

The diffusion of hydrogen in polycrystal iron with/without void defect and the effects of hydrogen and void on the uniaxial tensile properties of polycrystal iron under different conditions were studied by molecular dynamics simulation method. The research results indicate that the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in a model with a diameter of 30 Å void is 0.81 ∗ 10⁻⁵cm²/𝑠 at 300 K and hydrogen content is 0.5%, while it is 0.7 ∗ 10⁻⁵cm²/s without void. The void increases the diffusion rate of hydrogen by 15.7% under the same conditions. The tensile simulation results show that void and hydrogen reduce the tensile strength. The tensile strength without hydrogen and void is 6.7 GPa, 6.2 GPa with void, and 6.02 Gpa with 1% hydrogen and void. The two conditions reduce the tensile strength by 7.46% and 10.15% respectively. In addition, the influence of tensile rate is also studied. At high tensile rate (0.006~0.012/ps), the tensile rate of 0.012/ps was 8% higher than the 0.006/ps. This study provides important simulation data and scientific basis for the hydrogen embrittlement and void defect of nanograined Fe.

The utilization of polyanion Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ as a cathode material in NASICON-type sodium ion batteries is hindered by the high cost of raw materials and limited energy density. To address this issue, a double doping strategy using Mn²⁺ and Al³⁺ was adopted in Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ based on the charge balance theory, aiming to enhance the electrochemical performance. The Na_3.5V_1.4Mn_0.5Al_0.1(PO₄)₃/C composite was synthesized, exhibiting a reversible capacity of 118 mAh g^-1 at 0.2 C and a decent capacity retention of 81.4% after 200 cycles. Furthermore, the midpoint voltage analysis revealed that, after 200 cycles, the voltage plateau of NMVP dropped drastically from 3.42 V to 3.28 V, while the voltage plateau value of NMVPS- 0.05 only experienced a slight decrease from 3.42 V to 3.39 V, indicating the positive impact of Al doping on the electrochemical performance. These results suggest that the Na_3.5V_1.4Mn_0.5Al_0.1(PO₄)₃/C composite has great potential as a cathode material for sodium ion batteries.

In this work, we propose a plasmonic metasurfaces, whose unit cell consisted of a pair of physically connected asymmetric split-ring resonators. Antisymmetric toroidal dipole array is excited. Moreover, toroidal dipoles and hybrid pseudo-anapole states are excited due to the imperfect and perfect destructive interference, respectively. By adjusting the relative position between two toroidal dipoles of the metasurfaces, the imperfect destructive interference was further modified. In addition, this work studied the sensing performance of the metasurface. The displacement sensitivity is around 0.13GHz/mm over the range of 0-8mm. The sensitivity to the refractive index reached up to 3.125GHz/RIU over the range of 1-2. The proposed plasmonic metasurfaces can be the foundation for developing highly sensitivity sensors, frequency-selective surface, active modulation, filter and many other areas.

Range deception interference on rangefinder is composed of range positive and negative deviation jamming. In this paper, their working principles has been analyzed. And numerous experiments have been conducted to investigate their interference effect on rangefinder. As theoretical analysis and experimental results shows, range positive deviation jamming can accurately control the jamming result. As for range negative deviation jamming, there has a minimum jamming distance related to the jamming laser frequency. The higher the repetition frequency of the jamming laser, the smaller the minimum interference distance related and the larger the effective interference distance range is. And the ranging results under range negative deviation tends to a normal distribution, with the center of the minimum interference distance. No matter which interference mode is chosen, the premise of successful jamming is that the energy of jamming laser is larger than the echo pulse reflected by the target from rangefinder.

Metal-organic frameworks ( MOF ) are nanoporous materials formed by bridging metal ions and organic connectors. Because of its clear structure, high porosity, high specific surface area, low density, and strong biocompatibility, it has been widely used in biomedical research and as a drug carrier in recent years. However, whether it is completely excreted when used as a drug carrier and whether it has potential toxicity to the human body is still under further study.

In this paper, a new type of MOF material was successfully designed and synthesized with carbon quantum dots ( CDs ) as the core for the visualization of metal-organic framework materials ( MOFs ). The material uses CDs with stable fluorescence properties as the core to synthesize a water-stable metal-organic framework ZIF-8, namely CDs @ZIF-8, which maintains the complete framework structure of ZIF-8 and has fluorescence visualization characteristics.

Cell uptake studies of colon cancer cells using CDs@ZIF-8 nanoparticles and ZIF-8 nanoparticles carrying chemical fluorescence. The results show that CDs@ZIF-8 has stronger and more stable fluorescence characteristics, which lays a material foundation for the visualization of nanodrug carriers and the study of tracking the metabolic process of MOF in vivo, which is innovative and has practical value.

Perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes (PeQLEDs) have emerged as a promising candidate for high-quality lighting and displays, where significant progress has been made in the modification and optimization of perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) emitting layer to achieve improved device efficiency. However, limited attention has been given to interfacial trap state passivation for efficient and stable PeQLEDs thus far. We propose a straightforward approach to enhance the performance of PeQLEDs by thermal-evaporating a phosphine oxide molecule, SPPO13, onto the PeQDs emitting layer as an interface passivation layer. The interfacial passivation leads to a significant improvement in both maximum brightness and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of PeQLEDs, reaching 28907.1 cd m^-2 and 10.3%, respectively. This enhancement is attributed to reduced trap-assisted recombination and improved electron transport characteristics.

About the problem of rapid automatic and non-destructive detection for surface defects on precision optics, this paper applies laser scanning and scattering microscopy imaging techniques, combines with existing algorithms of image collecting and image stitching, optimizes the feature recognition and extraction methods for surface defects, and establishes a detection experimental device with vibration isolation function for precision optics surface defects. The final experimental data shows that this detection device system has achieved rapid automatic detection for the surface defects on precision optics, and can efficiently detect and identify submicron level surface defects. Meanwhile this detection device system is with high sensitivity and accuracy during surface defects detecting.

LiDAR has become a key technology for autonomous driving. However, with the popularization of LiDAR, the laser signals emitted by multiple LiDAR at the same time in road environment will cause mutual interference, also known as crosstalk. Overcoming crosstalk has been a challenge that must be faced. Firstly, this paper analyzes the photon arrival time histogram characteristics of Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting LiDAR in the case of crosstalk. Then, the basic principle of interference suppression methods based on Pseudo-Random Pulse Position Modulation is introduced. Finally, we use interference suppression ratios to analyze the interference suppression effectiveness under different cumulative cycles and different random dynamic ranges. The simulation results show that when the laser repetition rates of the two LiDAR are the same, the larger the cumulative cycle number, the greater the interference suppression ratio; With the same cumulative number of cycles, the larger the random dynamic range of pulse position modulation, the greater the interference suppression ratio.

According to the requirements of a large field of view, miniaturization, and high resolution for space optical systems, this study presents the design of an off-axis three-mirror optical system based on aspheric surfaces. The optical system's structural parameters were determined by calculating and considering the need for manufacture and alignment. The primary and secondary mirrors are designed as spherical surfaces and the tertiary mirror is an aspheric surface. By adopting an aperture off-axis configuration, unobstructed imaging is achieved. The designed off-axis three-mirror optical system has a visible light range, an F number of 4, and a field of view of 16°×6°. Tolerance analysis is also performed. The modulation transfer function (MTF) of the system at various field of views exceeds 0.6 at a spatial frequency of 100lp/mm. All the field of view's spot sizes fall within the Airy disk range, and the relative distortion is less than 1.5%. After considering reasonable manufacturing tolerances, the MTF at a spatial frequency of 100lp/mm still exceeds 0.46. The results demonstrate that the aspherical off-axis three-mirror optical system exhibits excellent image quality, a large field of view and good manufacturability. It meets the design requirements and holds significant value for the research aiming to achieve wider coverage and higher imaging quality for space optical systems.

We have demonstrated the fast-speed solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors based on amorphous Ga₂O₃ (a-Ga₂O₃) films grown by RF magnetron sputtering. The effect of acid treatment on the performance of a-Ga₂O₃ photodetectors has been investigated in detail. The response speed of the H₂SO₄-treated photodetector is faster than that of the as-grown photodetector, accompanied by a slight decrease in photocurrent. While the responsivity and UV/visible rejection ratio (R250nm/R400nm) of HCl treated photodetector have been significantly improved compared with as-grown photodetector without sacrificing response speed, owing to the groove textures on a-Ga₂O₃ surface etched by HCl, which enhances the absorption of solar-blind UV light in the near surface area of the photodetector. This provides a feasible method for exploring and improving the performance of amorphous gallium oxide ultraviolet detectors.

Low-light images have low visibility, poor contrast, and weakened details, which pose significant obstacles for subsequent computer vision tasks. When enhancing low-light images, multiple factors such as brightness, contrast, artifacts, and noise need to be considered, making this problem challenging. Low-light enhancement algorithms based on the Retinex theory are important methods in the field of image enhancement, with a wide range of applications and practicality. In this paper, starting from the low-light image imaging model, we address the issues of color distortion and limited brightness improvement exhibited by traditional Retinex-based algorithms and deep learning algorithms in actual low-light scenarios. We propose a filtering and data-driven composite enhancement algorithm (FADDC) that performs weighted fusion on output and intermediate quantities before outputting them. Experimental results combining SCI-Net with traditional algorithms SSR and MSR demonstrate that this fusion method can effectively enhance image brightness without color distortion, achieving better enhancement results.

The temperature influence on the erosion and deposition measurements of materials under long-term plasma treatment using quartz crystal microbalances (QMBs) was studied. A controllable active cooling water was introduced to mitigate the temperature effect. The heating tests in the lab show that the presence of cooling water decreases the frequency variation to below 5 Hz from 187 Hz without the cooling water. The test results by changing cooling water temperature and water flow demonstrate that the work stability of the QMB system with cooling water of 25 °C and water flow of 0.7 L/min is slightly better than that with lower cooling water temperature of 20 °C and 10 °C and higher water flow of 1 L/min and 1.4 L/min. The temperature variation of the QMB in the EAST experiments show that the QMB with the cooling water of 25 °C can maintain a relatively stable work temperature of 30 °C during a day experiment, which is consistent with the results in the lab. The thickness calibration of the Cu film coated on the QMB was made in order to measure erosion pattern of Cu film in EAST. The actively-cooled and calibrated QMB run normally in EAST, showing good stability and measurement accuracy.