Simplified pupil enlargement technique

Bruce M. Radl

doi:10.1117/12.46319

1 August 1991 Simplified pupil enlargement technique

Bruce M. Radl

Proceedings Volume 1457, Stereoscopic Displays and Applications II; (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.46319
Event: Electronic Imaging '91, 1991, San Jose, CA, United States

Abstract

Many viewing devices have been produced using spinning or oscillating optical elements to artificially enlarge the exit pupils of a stereomicroscope. Further advances have seen the utilization of liquid crystal diffusers so that such devices could operate without moving components. However, the implementations reported thus far have been complex and bulky. The optical system design for a simplified viewing technique is presented in this paper. A standard objective, providing the greater portion of image magnification, is used with an eyepiece which is of a liquid crystal, expanded pupil design. Current limitations in liquid crystal technology prevent eyepiece magnifications greater than 5 X. Therefore, wider fields and higher magnifications are required of the objective lens. Effects of the expansion influence resolution and brightness. Resolution is only minimally reduced as is shown in the experimental results. Brightness reduction can be held to nearly the theoretical limit, but is unavoidable in any system where the exit pupil diameter is increased beyond the eye pupil diameter. As with previous instruments, the advantage of large pupils is the relaxation of eye position constraints. This provides automatic accommodation for interocular variation among users and allows head motion over several centimeters while viewing.

Citation Download Citation

Bruce M. Radl "Simplified pupil enlargement technique", Proc. SPIE 1457, Stereoscopic Displays and Applications II, (1 August 1991); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.46319

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