Ion-exchanged waveguides: current status

Ramakant Srivastava; Ramu V. Ramaswamy

doi:10.1117/12.50869

1 December 1991 Ion-exchanged waveguides: current status

Ramakant Srivastava, Ramu V. Ramaswamy

Proceedings Volume 1583, Integrated Optical Circuits; (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.50869
Event: OE Fiber, 1991, Boston, MA, United States

Abstract

Integrated optical components based on ion-exchanged glass waveguides are finding applications in real systems. Recently, significant progress has occurred in the understanding of the ion-exchange process. It is now possible to model the thermal as well as electric field enhanced diffusion with reasonable accuracy and to design ion- exchanged waveguides and devices with prespecified characteristics. This paper describes the theory of the ion-exchange process and explains the diffusion profile for Ag+-Na+ and K+-Na+ cation pairs used in BK7 glass for planar and 2-D (channel) waveguide fabrication. Following this, we present the latest results in modeling and fabrication of several devices based on single-mode channel waveguides. These include couplers, power dividers, MUX/DEMUX, and polarization splitters for applications in optical communications. Finally, we point out the latest trends and novel emerging applications of ion-exchanged waveguides, such as all optical switching, waveguide lasers and amplifiers, and integration of passive waveguides on glass with optoelectronic devices.

Citation Download Citation

Ramakant Srivastava and Ramu V. Ramaswamy "Ion-exchanged waveguides: current status", Proc. SPIE 1583, Integrated Optical Circuits, (1 December 1991); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.50869

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