Properties of annealed proton-exchanged lithium niobate waveguides

V. A. Ganshin; Yuri N. Korkishko

doi:10.1117/12.145599

Abstract

We have examined the effects of annealing in air at 350 to 550 degree(s)C on proton-exchanged waveguides in lithium niobate crystals. By making a complex analysis of the processes that take place during annealing, which included structural, waveguiding-optical, IR-spectroscopical, and thermogravimetric measurements, we were able to find the conditions under which the LiNb₃O₈ phase is formed in H:LiNbO₃ waveguides. A noticeable increase of LiNb₃O₈ begins at the moment the refractive index increment at the boundary of the initial proton-exchanged waveguide reaches the value (Delta) n_e equals 0.037. With further annealing, when the (Delta) n_e on the surface of the plate also becomes equal to 0.037, there begins the evaporation of Li₂O and intensive formation of LiNb₃O₈. The results presented enable one to understand why under certain conditions of annealing the optical losses in H:LiNbO₃ waveguides become greater, and to optimize the conditions of such annealing to produce high-quality waveguides.

Citation Download Citation

V. A. Ganshin, V. A. Ganshin, Yuri N. Korkishko, Yuri N. Korkishko, "Properties of annealed proton-exchanged lithium niobate waveguides", Proc. SPIE 1932, Guided-Wave Optics, (14 May 1993); doi: 10.1117/12.145599; https://doi.org/10.1117/12.145599

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