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23 September 1993Application of the active-pixel-sensor concept to guidance and navigation
Charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have been used extensively in the past in star trackers and fine guidance systems. A new technology, the active pixel sensor, is a possible successor to CCDs. This technology potentially features the same sensitivity and performance of the CCD with additional improvements. These improvements include random access capability, easy window-of- interest readout, non-destructive readout for signal-to-noise improvement, high radiation tolerance, simplified clocking voltages, and easy integration with other on-chip signal processing circuitry. The state-of-the-art of this emerging technology and its potential application to guidance and navigation systems is discussed.
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Eric R. Fossum, Randall K. Bartman, Allan Read Eisenman, "Application of the active-pixel-sensor concept to guidance and navigation," Proc. SPIE 1949, Space Guidance, Control, and Tracking, (23 September 1993); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.157088