Fiber optics is now widely used for data communication, sensing and vision applications. In the nuclear industry, however, its use is still quite limited. This paper reviews two particular areas where the optical fibers could bring substantial advantages: the decommissioning of shut- down nuclear installations, and the long term storage of nuclear waste. It summarizes some expected potential benefits, but points out also the challenges to be met for wider applications of fiber optics in a nuclear environment.
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