Paper
14 February 1997 Feasibility demonstration of a second-generation electronic monitoring system
John H. Murphy
Author Affiliations +
Proceedings Volume 2935, Surveillance and Assessment Technologies for Law Enforcement; (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.266794
Event: Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security, 1996, Boston, MA, United States
Abstract
First generation electronic monitoring systems are being used by the criminal justice system to effect behavioral modifications of persons in pre-trial release programs, on parole, and on probation. Current systems are merely radio frequency proximity detection systems that operate over limited ranges, on the order of 45 to 70 meters. One major defect with proximity detection systems is that when the offenders leave the area being monitored, there is no way to ensure that the offenders travel where they should. As a result, the first generation electronic monitoring systems are only applied to a restricted number of low risk cases. There is a growing need for a second generation electronic monitoring system which utilizes community-wide tracking and location technologies to increase the public safety and to expand the number of offenders monitored by these systems. Even though GPS (Global Positioning System) is rapidly becoming the technology of choice for vehicle tracking and location, GPS is not an ideal candidate for the second generation electronic monitoring system. Urban environments prevent GPS systems from providing continuous and accurate location service due to satellite occlusion by obstacles such as: hills, mountains, vehicles, buildings, and trees. An inverse-GPS approach which overcomes these urban environment related limitations has been evaluated by Northrop Grumman as a means to track people. This paper presents the results of a National Institute of Justice funded program to demonstrate in downtown Pittsburgh the feasibility of spread spectrum based time-of-arrival location systems for intelligently tracking people on probation and parole.
© (1997) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
John H. Murphy "Feasibility demonstration of a second-generation electronic monitoring system", Proc. SPIE 2935, Surveillance and Assessment Technologies for Law Enforcement, (14 February 1997); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.266794
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KEYWORDS
Receivers

Transmitters

Global Positioning System

Mathematical modeling

Probability theory

Statistical analysis

Buildings

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